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Title: Balancing formation time and electrochemical performance of high energy lithium-ion batteries

Abstract

Most lithium-ion batteries still rely on intercalation-type graphite materials for anodes, and the formation process for them typically takes several days or even more to provide a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). The slow formation step results in lower LIB production rates, requires a large number of battery cyclers, and constitutes the second highest cost during battery manufacturing. In an effort to decrease the high manufacturing cost associated with long formation times, here we studied five different formation protocols in nickel-rich LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811)/graphite cells where the total formation time varied from 10 to 86 h. Electrochemical characterization and post mortem analysis show that very long formation time do not necessarily improve long-term performance while very short formation protocols result in lithium plating and poorer electrochemical performance. Finally, we find the optimum formation cycling protocol is intermediate in length to minimize impedance growth, improve capacity retention, and avoid lithium plating.

Authors:
 [1]; ORCiD logo [2];  [3]; ORCiD logo [2];  [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [2]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Energy and Transportation Science Division
  2. Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Energy and Transportation Science Division; Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States). Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education
  3. Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Materials Science and Technology Division
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Vehicle Technologies Office (EE-3V); USDOE Office of Science (SC); USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)
OSTI Identifier:
1479760
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1636500
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC05-00OR22725
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Journal of Power Sources
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 402; Journal ID: ISSN 0378-7753
Publisher:
Elsevier
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
25 ENERGY STORAGE; fast formation; Ni-rich cathode; cycling stability; Li-ion battery; solid electrolyte interphase; lithium plating

Citation Formats

Mao, Chengyu, An, Seong Jin, Meyer, Harry M., Li, Jianlin, Wood, Marissa, Ruther, Rose E., and Wood, David L. Balancing formation time and electrochemical performance of high energy lithium-ion batteries. United States: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.09.019.
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Mao, Chengyu, An, Seong Jin, Meyer, Harry M., Li, Jianlin, Wood, Marissa, Ruther, Rose E., & Wood, David L. Balancing formation time and electrochemical performance of high energy lithium-ion batteries. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.09.019
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Mao, Chengyu, An, Seong Jin, Meyer, Harry M., Li, Jianlin, Wood, Marissa, Ruther, Rose E., and Wood, David L. Tue . "Balancing formation time and electrochemical performance of high energy lithium-ion batteries". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.09.019. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1479760.
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@article{osti_1479760,
title = {Balancing formation time and electrochemical performance of high energy lithium-ion batteries},
author = {Mao, Chengyu and An, Seong Jin and Meyer, Harry M. and Li, Jianlin and Wood, Marissa and Ruther, Rose E. and Wood, David L.},
abstractNote = {Most lithium-ion batteries still rely on intercalation-type graphite materials for anodes, and the formation process for them typically takes several days or even more to provide a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). The slow formation step results in lower LIB production rates, requires a large number of battery cyclers, and constitutes the second highest cost during battery manufacturing. In an effort to decrease the high manufacturing cost associated with long formation times, here we studied five different formation protocols in nickel-rich LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811)/graphite cells where the total formation time varied from 10 to 86 h. Electrochemical characterization and post mortem analysis show that very long formation time do not necessarily improve long-term performance while very short formation protocols result in lithium plating and poorer electrochemical performance. Finally, we find the optimum formation cycling protocol is intermediate in length to minimize impedance growth, improve capacity retention, and avoid lithium plating.},
doi = {10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.09.019},
journal = {Journal of Power Sources},
number = ,
volume = 402,
place = {United States},
year = {2018},
month = {9}
}
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Journal Article:
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.09.019
Copyright Statement
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Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 7 works
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Figures / Tables:

TABLE 1 TABLE 1: Formation protocols used in this study
All figures and tables (9 total)
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Works referenced in this record:

Enabling High-Energy, High-Voltage Lithium-Ion Cells: Standardization of Coin-Cell Assembly, Electrochemical Testing, and Evaluation of Full Cells
journal, January 2016

  • Long, Brandon R.; Rinaldo, Steven G.; Gallagher, Kevin G.
  • Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 163, Issue 14
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Review—SEI: Past, Present and Future
journal, January 2017

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  • Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 164, Issue 7
  • DOI: 10.1149/2.1441707jes

Electrode–electrolyte interfaces in lithium-based batteries
journal, January 2018

  • Yu, Xingwen; Manthiram, Arumugam
  • Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 11, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1039/C7EE02555F

Cycling Behavior of NCM523/Graphite Lithium-Ion Cells in the 3–4.4 V Range: Diagnostic Studies of Full Cells and Harvested Electrodes
journal, September 2016

  • Gilbert, James A.; Bareño, Javier; Spila, Timothy
  • Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 164, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1149/2.0081701jes

The formation and stability of the solid electrolyte interface on the graphite anode
journal, December 2014

Challenges in the development of advanced Li-ion batteries: a review
journal, January 2011

  • Etacheri, Vinodkumar; Marom, Rotem; Elazari, Ran
  • Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 4, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.1039/c1ee01598b

Toward Safe Lithium Metal Anode in Rechargeable Batteries: A Review
journal, July 2017

Toward Safe Lithium Metal Anode in Rechargeable Batteries: A Review
journal, July 2017

High-temperature solid electrolyte interphases (SEI) in graphite electrodes
journal, March 2018

Transition Metal Dissolution, Ion Migration, Electrocatalytic Reduction and Capacity Loss in Lithium-Ion Full Cells
journal, December 2016

  • Gilbert, James A.; Shkrob, Ilya A.; Abraham, Daniel P.
  • Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 164, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1149/2.1111702jes
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    Works referencing / citing this record:

    A novel weight coefficient calculation method for the real‐time state monitoring of the lithium‐ion battery packs under the complex current variation working conditions
    journal, October 2019

    • Wang, Shun‐Li; Fernandez, Carlos; Xie, Zheng‐Wei
    • Energy Science & Engineering, Vol. 7, Issue 6
    • DOI: 10.1002/ese3.478

    Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 Cathode with an Ionic Liquid-Based Electrolyte
    journal, January 2019

    • Ma, Chenchong; Wang, Dong; Yang, Yun
    • Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 14
    • DOI: 10.1149/2.1271914jes

    Active formation of Li-ion batteries and its effect on cycle life
    journal, August 2019

    • Pathan, Tanveerkhan S.; Rashid, Muhammad; Walker, Marc
    • Journal of Physics: Energy, Vol. 1, Issue 4
    • DOI: 10.1088/2515-7655/ab2e92
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      Figures / Tables found in this record:

      TABLE 1 (p. 9)table
      Figure 1 (p. 10)figure
      Figure 2 (p. 12)figure
      Figure 3 (p. 13)figure
      Figure 4 (p. 14)figure
      Figure 5 (p. 17)figure
      Figure 6 (p. 18)figure
      Figure 7 (p. 20)figure
      Figure 8 (p. 20)figure
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