The greenhouse gas cost of agricultural intensification with groundwater irrigation in a Midwest U.S. row cropping system
Abstract
Abstract Groundwater irrigation of cropland is expanding worldwide with poorly known implications for climate change. This study compares experimental measurements of the net global warming impact of a rainfed versus a groundwater‐irrigated corn (maize)–soybean–wheat, no‐till cropping system in the Midwest US, the region that produces the majority of U.S. corn and soybean. Irrigation significantly increased soil organic carbon (C) storage in the upper 25 cm, but not by enough to make up for the CO 2 ‐equivalent (CO 2 e) costs of fossil fuel power, soil emissions of nitrous oxide (N 2 O), and degassing of supersaturated CO 2 and N 2 O from the groundwater. A rainfed reference system had a net mitigating effect of −13.9 (±31) g CO 2 e m −2 year −1 , but with irrigation at an average rate for the region, the irrigated system contributed to global warming with net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of 27.1 (±32) g CO 2 e m −2 year −1 . Compared to the rainfed system, the irrigated system had 45% more GHG emissions and 7% more C sequestration. The irrigation‐associated increase in soil N 2 O and fossil fuel emissions contributed 18% and 9%, respectively, to the system's total emissionsmore »
- Authors:
-
- W. K. Kellogg Biological Station Michigan State University Hickory Corners Michigan, Department of Integrative Biology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan
- W. K. Kellogg Biological Station Michigan State University Hickory Corners Michigan, Department of Integrative Biology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan, Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies Millbrook New York, Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan
- W. K. Kellogg Biological Station Michigan State University Hickory Corners Michigan, Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan
- W. K. Kellogg Biological Station Michigan State University Hickory Corners Michigan, Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan, Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States); Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1479506
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1479507; OSTI ID: 1609258
- Grant/Contract Number:
- FC02-07ER64494; AC05-76RL01830
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- Global Change Biology
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Global Change Biology Journal Volume: 24 Journal Issue: 12; Journal ID: ISSN 1354-1013
- Publisher:
- Wiley-Blackwell
- Country of Publication:
- United Kingdom
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES; Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
Citation Formats
McGill, Bonnie M., Hamilton, Stephen K., Millar, Neville, and Robertson, G. Philip. The greenhouse gas cost of agricultural intensification with groundwater irrigation in a Midwest U.S. row cropping system. United Kingdom: N. p., 2018.
Web. doi:10.1111/gcb.14472.
McGill, Bonnie M., Hamilton, Stephen K., Millar, Neville, & Robertson, G. Philip. The greenhouse gas cost of agricultural intensification with groundwater irrigation in a Midwest U.S. row cropping system. United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14472
McGill, Bonnie M., Hamilton, Stephen K., Millar, Neville, and Robertson, G. Philip. Fri .
"The greenhouse gas cost of agricultural intensification with groundwater irrigation in a Midwest U.S. row cropping system". United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14472.
@article{osti_1479506,
title = {The greenhouse gas cost of agricultural intensification with groundwater irrigation in a Midwest U.S. row cropping system},
author = {McGill, Bonnie M. and Hamilton, Stephen K. and Millar, Neville and Robertson, G. Philip},
abstractNote = {Abstract Groundwater irrigation of cropland is expanding worldwide with poorly known implications for climate change. This study compares experimental measurements of the net global warming impact of a rainfed versus a groundwater‐irrigated corn (maize)–soybean–wheat, no‐till cropping system in the Midwest US, the region that produces the majority of U.S. corn and soybean. Irrigation significantly increased soil organic carbon (C) storage in the upper 25 cm, but not by enough to make up for the CO 2 ‐equivalent (CO 2 e) costs of fossil fuel power, soil emissions of nitrous oxide (N 2 O), and degassing of supersaturated CO 2 and N 2 O from the groundwater. A rainfed reference system had a net mitigating effect of −13.9 (±31) g CO 2 e m −2 year −1 , but with irrigation at an average rate for the region, the irrigated system contributed to global warming with net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of 27.1 (±32) g CO 2 e m −2 year −1 . Compared to the rainfed system, the irrigated system had 45% more GHG emissions and 7% more C sequestration. The irrigation‐associated increase in soil N 2 O and fossil fuel emissions contributed 18% and 9%, respectively, to the system's total emissions in an average irrigation year. Groundwater degassing of CO 2 and N 2 O are missing components of previous assessments of the GHG cost of groundwater irrigation; together they were 4% of the irrigated system's total emissions. The irrigated system's net impact normalized by crop yield (GHG intensity) was +0.04 (±0.006) kg CO 2 e kg −1 yield, close to that of the rainfed system, which was −0.03 (±0.002) kg CO 2 e kg −1 yield. Thus, the increased crop yield resulting from irrigation can ameliorate overall GHG emissions if intensification by irrigation prevents land conversion emissions elsewhere, although the expansion of irrigation risks depletion of local water resources.},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.14472},
journal = {Global Change Biology},
number = 12,
volume = 24,
place = {United Kingdom},
year = {Fri Oct 26 00:00:00 EDT 2018},
month = {Fri Oct 26 00:00:00 EDT 2018}
}
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14472
Web of Science
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