Interseismic Ground Deformation and Fault Slip Rates in the Greater San Francisco Bay Area From Two Decades of Space Geodetic Data
Abstract
The detailed spatial variations of strain accumulation and creep on major faults in the northern San Francisco Bay Area (North Bay), which are important for seismic potential and evaluation of natural hazards, remain poorly understood. We combine interferometric synthetic aperture radar data from the ERS-1/2 and Envisat satellites between 1992 and 2010 with continuous and campaign GPS data to obtain a high spatial and temporal coverage of ground deformation of the North Bay. The SAR data from both ascending and descending orbits are combined to separate horizontal and vertical components of the deformation. We jointly invert the horizontal component of the mean velocities derived from these data to infer the deep strike-slip rates on major locked faults. We use the estimated deep rates to simulate the long-wavelength deformation due to interseismic elastic strain accumulation along these locked faults. After removing the long-wavelength signal from the InSAR horizontal mean velocity field, we estimate fault-parallel surface creep rates of up to 2 mm/year along the central section of the Rodgers Creek fault and surface creep rates ranging between 2 and 4 mm/year along the Concord fault. No surface creep is geodetically resolved along the West Napa and Green Valley fault zones. Wemore »
- Authors:
-
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic Univ. (China). Dept. of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics; Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Berkeley Seismological Lab. Dept. of Earth and Planetary Science
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic Univ. (China). Dept. of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics
- Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Berkeley Seismological Lab. Dept. of Earth and Planetary Science
- Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States). Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences
- Univ. of California, Riverside, CA (United States). Dept. of Earth Sciences
- Univ. at Buffalo, NY (United States). Dept. of Geology
- U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE; United States Geological Survey (USGS); The Hong Kong Polytechnic Univ. (China); Hong Kong Research Grants Council (China)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1479377
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-05CH11231; G16AP00007; 1-ZE6R; F-PP4B
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 123; Journal Issue: 9; Journal ID: ISSN 2169-9313
- Publisher:
- American Geophysical Union
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 58 GEOSCIENCES
Citation Formats
Xu, Wenbin, Wu, Songbo, Materna, Kathryn, Nadeau, Robert, Floyd, Michael, Funning, Gareth, Chaussard, Estelle, Johnson, Christopher W., Murray, Jessica R., Ding, Xiaoli, and Bürgmann, Roland. Interseismic Ground Deformation and Fault Slip Rates in the Greater San Francisco Bay Area From Two Decades of Space Geodetic Data. United States: N. p., 2018.
Web. doi:10.1029/2018JB016004.
Xu, Wenbin, Wu, Songbo, Materna, Kathryn, Nadeau, Robert, Floyd, Michael, Funning, Gareth, Chaussard, Estelle, Johnson, Christopher W., Murray, Jessica R., Ding, Xiaoli, & Bürgmann, Roland. Interseismic Ground Deformation and Fault Slip Rates in the Greater San Francisco Bay Area From Two Decades of Space Geodetic Data. United States. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JB016004
Xu, Wenbin, Wu, Songbo, Materna, Kathryn, Nadeau, Robert, Floyd, Michael, Funning, Gareth, Chaussard, Estelle, Johnson, Christopher W., Murray, Jessica R., Ding, Xiaoli, and Bürgmann, Roland. Wed .
"Interseismic Ground Deformation and Fault Slip Rates in the Greater San Francisco Bay Area From Two Decades of Space Geodetic Data". United States. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JB016004. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1479377.
@article{osti_1479377,
title = {Interseismic Ground Deformation and Fault Slip Rates in the Greater San Francisco Bay Area From Two Decades of Space Geodetic Data},
author = {Xu, Wenbin and Wu, Songbo and Materna, Kathryn and Nadeau, Robert and Floyd, Michael and Funning, Gareth and Chaussard, Estelle and Johnson, Christopher W. and Murray, Jessica R. and Ding, Xiaoli and Bürgmann, Roland},
abstractNote = {The detailed spatial variations of strain accumulation and creep on major faults in the northern San Francisco Bay Area (North Bay), which are important for seismic potential and evaluation of natural hazards, remain poorly understood. We combine interferometric synthetic aperture radar data from the ERS-1/2 and Envisat satellites between 1992 and 2010 with continuous and campaign GPS data to obtain a high spatial and temporal coverage of ground deformation of the North Bay. The SAR data from both ascending and descending orbits are combined to separate horizontal and vertical components of the deformation. We jointly invert the horizontal component of the mean velocities derived from these data to infer the deep strike-slip rates on major locked faults. We use the estimated deep rates to simulate the long-wavelength deformation due to interseismic elastic strain accumulation along these locked faults. After removing the long-wavelength signal from the InSAR horizontal mean velocity field, we estimate fault-parallel surface creep rates of up to 2 mm/year along the central section of the Rodgers Creek fault and surface creep rates ranging between 2 and 4 mm/year along the Concord fault. No surface creep is geodetically resolved along the West Napa and Green Valley fault zones. We identified characteristically repeating earthquakes on the Rodgers Creek fault, the West Napa fault, the Green Valley fault, and the Concord fault. Finally, nontectonic deformation in the Geysers geothermal field and in Late Cenozoic basins (Rohnert Park and Sonoma basins) are also observed, likely due to hydrological and sediment-compaction processes, respectively.},
doi = {10.1029/2018JB016004},
journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth},
number = 9,
volume = 123,
place = {United States},
year = {2018},
month = {8}
}
Web of Science
Works referenced in this record:
Measurement of interseismic strain accumulation across the North Anatolian Fault by satellite radar interferometry
journal, May 2001
- Wright, Tim; Parsons, Barry; Fielding, Eric
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 28, Issue 10
InSAR observations of strain accumulation and fault creep along the Chaman Fault system, Pakistan and Afghanistan: Strain Accumulation at Chaman Fault
journal, August 2016
- Fattahi, Heresh; Amelung, Falk
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 43, Issue 16
Modeling Interferogram Stacks
journal, October 2007
- Rocca, Fabio
- IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 45, Issue 10
Creeping along the Ismetpasa section of the North Anatolian fault (Western Turkey): Rate and extent from InSAR
journal, September 2005
- Cakir, Z.; Akoglu, A.; Belabbes, S.
- Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 238, Issue 1-2
Potential for larger earthquakes in the East San Francisco Bay Area due to the direct connection between the Hayward and Calaveras Faults: The Hayward and Calaveras connection
journal, April 2015
- Chaussard, E.; Bürgmann, R.; Fattahi, H.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 42, Issue 8
Source parameters of the 2014 Mw 6.1 South Napa earthquake estimated from the Sentinel 1A, COSMO-SkyMed and GPS data
journal, August 2015
- Guangcai, Feng; Zhiwei, Li; Xinjian, Shan
- Tectonophysics, Vol. 655
Slip rate, earthquake recurrence, and seismogenic potential of the Rodgers Creek Fault Zone, northern California: Initial results
journal, March 1991
- Budding, Karin E.; Schwartz, David P.; Oppenheimer, David H.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 18, Issue 3
Plate boundary deformation in North Iceland during 1992–2009 revealed by InSAR time-series analysis and GPS
journal, November 2014
- Metzger, Sabrina; Jónsson, Sigurjón
- Tectonophysics, Vol. 634
Basin Structure beneath the Santa Rosa Plain, Northern California: Implications for Damage Caused by the 1969 Santa Rosa and 1906 San Francisco Earthquakes
journal, October 2007
- McPhee, D. K.; Langenheim, V. E.; Hartzell, S.
- Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 97, Issue 5
A New Algorithm for Processing Interferometric Data-Stacks: SqueeSAR
journal, September 2011
- Ferretti, Alessandro; Fumagalli, Alfio; Novali, Fabrizio
- IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 49, Issue 9
The Most Recent Large Earthquake on the Rodgers Creek Fault, San Francisco Bay Area
journal, June 2005
- Hecker, S.
- Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 95, Issue 3
Global climate change and local land subsidence exacerbate inundation risk to the San Francisco Bay Area
journal, March 2018
- Shirzaei, Manoochehr; Bürgmann, Roland
- Science Advances, Vol. 4, Issue 3
Spatial variations in slip deficit on the central San Andreas Fault from InSAR
journal, December 2008
- Ryder, Isabelle; Bürgmann, Roland
- Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 175, Issue 3
On the Extension of the Minimum Cost Flow Algorithm for Phase Unwrapping of Multitemporal Differential SAR Interferograms
journal, September 2006
- Pepe, A.; Lanari, R.
- IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 44, Issue 9
A Null-Space Method for the Phase Unwrapping of Multitemporal SAR Interferometric Stacks
journal, June 2011
- Fornaro, Gianfranco; Pauciullo, Antonio; Reale, Diego
- IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 49, Issue 6
Monitoring deformation at the Geysers Geothermal Field, California using C-band and X-band interferometric synthetic aperture radar: INSAR MONITORING AT THE GEYSERS GEOTHERMAL FIELD
journal, June 2013
- Vasco, D. W.; Rutqvist, Jonny; Ferretti, Alessandro
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 40, Issue 11
Creep on the Rodgers Creek fault, northern San Francisco Bay area from a 10 year PS-InSAR dataset
journal, January 2007
- Funning, Gareth J.; Bürgmann, Roland; Ferretti, Alessandro
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 34, Issue 19
The complete (3-D) surface displacement field in the epicentral area of the 1999 M W 7.1 Hector Mine Earthquake, California, from space geodetic observations
journal, August 2001
- Fialko, Yuri; Simons, Mark; Agnew, Duncan
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 28, Issue 16
On the Exploitation of Target Statistics for SAR Interferometry Applications
journal, November 2008
- Guarnieri, Andrea Monti; Tebaldini, Stefano
- IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 46, Issue 11
Using Surface Creep Rate to Infer Fraction Locked for Sections of the San Andreas Fault System in Northern California from Alignment Array and GPS Data
journal, October 2014
- Lienkaemper, J. J.; McFarland, F. S.; Simpson, R. W.
- Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 104, Issue 6
Global Positioning System Data Collection, Processing, and Analysis Conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey Earthquake Hazards Program
journal, March 2017
- Murray, Jessica R.; Svarc, Jerry
- Seismological Research Letters, Vol. 88, Issue 3
Slicing up the San Francisco Bay Area: Block kinematics and fault slip rates from GPS-derived surface velocities
journal, January 2005
- d'Alessio, M. A.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 110, Issue B6
Shallow creep on the Haiyuan Fault (Gansu, China) revealed by SAR Interferometry: CREEP ON THE HAIYUAN FAULT
journal, June 2012
- Jolivet, R.; Lasserre, C.; Doin, M. -P.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 117, Issue B6
Deformation across the Pacific-North America plate boundary near San Francisco, California
journal, April 2001
- Prescott, William H.; Savage, James C.; Svarc, Jerry L.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 106, Issue B4
Detailed Mapping and Rupture Implications of the 1 km Releasing Bend in the Rodgers Creek Fault at Santa Rosa, Northern California
journal, March 2016
- Hecker, S.; Langenheim, V. E.; Williams, R. A.
- Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 106, Issue 2
Phase Inconsistencies and Multiple Scattering in SAR Interferometry
journal, December 2015
- De Zan, Francesco; Zonno, Mariantonietta; Lopez-Dekker, Paco
- IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 53, Issue 12
Southern California permanent GPS geodetic array: Error analysis of daily position estimates and site velocities
journal, August 1997
- Zhang, Jie; Bock, Yehuda; Johnson, Hadley
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 102, Issue B8
Late Holocene slip rate and recurrence of great earthquakes on the San Andreas fault in northern California
journal, January 1992
- Niemi, Tina M.; Hall, N. Timothy
- Geology, Vol. 20, Issue 3
Inferences Drawn from Two Decades of Alinement Array Measurements of Creep on Faults in the San Francisco Bay Region
journal, December 2003
- Galehouse, J. S.
- Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 93, Issue 6
The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission
journal, January 2007
- Farr, Tom G.; Rosen, Paul A.; Caro, Edward
- Reviews of Geophysics, Vol. 45, Issue 2
Aseismic slip and fault interaction from repeating earthquakes in the Loma Prieta aftershock zone: FAULT INTERACTION AFTER LOMA PRIETA
journal, March 2013
- Turner, R. C.; Nadeau, R. M.; Bürgmann, R.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 40, Issue 6
Fault Slip Rates at Depth from Recurrence Intervals of Repeating Microearthquakes
journal, July 1999
- Nadeau, R. M.
- Science, Vol. 285, Issue 5428
A multiscale approach to estimating topographically correlated propagation delays in radar interferograms
journal, January 2010
- Lin, Yu-nung Nina; Simons, Mark; Hetland, Eric A.
- Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, Vol. 11, Issue 9
Kinematics of the Pacific-North America Plate Boundary Zone, northern California
journal, April 1999
- Freymueller, Jeffrey T.; Murray, Mark H.; Segall, Paul
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 104, Issue B4
A Simple Stick-Slip and Creep-Slip Model for Repeating Earthquakes and its Implication for Microearthquakes at Parkfield
journal, December 2001
- Beeler, N. M.
- Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 91, Issue 6
Subsidence at The Geysers Geothermal Field, N. California from a comparison of GPS and leveling surveys
journal, July 1997
- Mossop, Antony; Segall, Paul
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 24, Issue 14
Resolving vertical tectonics in the San Francisco Bay Area from permanent scatterer InSAR and GPS analysis
journal, January 2006
- Bürgmann, Roland; Hilley, George; Ferretti, Alessandro
- Geology, Vol. 34, Issue 3
Spatial variations in fault friction related to lithology from rupture and afterslip of the 2014 South Napa, California, earthquake: THE 2014 SOUTH NAPA EARTHQUAKE AND AFTERSLIP
journal, July 2016
- Floyd, Michael A.; Walters, Richard J.; Elliott, John R.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 43, Issue 13
Resolution of fault slip along the 470-km-long rupture of the great 1906 San Francisco earthquake and its implications
journal, March 1997
- Thatcher, Wayne; Marshall, Grant; Lisowski, Michael
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 102, Issue B3
Earthquake Potential Along the Northern Hayward Fault, California
journal, August 2000
- Burgmann, R.
- Science, Vol. 289, Issue 5482
GPS constraints on continental deformation in the Africa-Arabia-Eurasia continental collision zone and implications for the dynamics of plate interactions: EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN ACTIVE TECTONICS
journal, May 2006
- Reilinger, Robert; McClusky, Simon; Vernant, Philippe
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 111, Issue B5
Long‐Term Time‐Dependent Probabilities for the Third Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast (UCERF3)
journal, March 2015
- Field, Edward H.; Biasi, Glenn P.; Bird, Peter
- Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 105, Issue 2A
Permanent scatterers in SAR interferometry
journal, January 2001
- Ferretti, A.; Prati, C.; Rocca, F.
- IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 39, Issue 1
Periodic Pulsing of Characteristic Microearthquakes on the San Andreas Fault
journal, January 2004
- Nadeau, R. M.
- Science, Vol. 303, Issue 5655
MATLAB Tools for viewing GPS velocities and time series
journal, December 2003
- Herring, Thomas
- GPS Solutions, Vol. 7, Issue 3
Distribution of aseismic slip rate on the Hayward fault inferred from seismic and geodetic data
journal, January 2005
- Schmidt, D. A.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 110, Issue B8
InSAR permanent scatterer analysis reveals ups and downs in San Francisco Bay Area
journal, January 2004
- Ferretti, A.; Novali, F.; Bürgmann, R.
- Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, Vol. 85, Issue 34
Modeling PSInSAR Time Series Without Phase Unwrapping
journal, January 2011
- Zhang, Lei; Ding, Xiaoli; Lu, Zhong
- IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 49, Issue 1
A noise model for InSAR time series: AGRAM AND SIMONS
journal, April 2015
- Agram, P. S.; Simons, M.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 120, Issue 4
Interseismic coupling and refined earthquake potential on the Hayward‐Calaveras fault zone
journal, December 2015
- Chaussard, E.; Bürgmann, R.; Fattahi, H.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 120, Issue 12
Predictability of hydraulic head changes and characterization of aquifer-system and fault properties from InSAR-derived ground deformation: AQUIFER CHARACTERIZATION FROM INSAR
journal, August 2014
- Chaussard, E.; Bürgmann, R.; Shirzaei, M.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 119, Issue 8
Testing the inference of creep on the northern Rodgers Creek fault, California, using ascending and descending persistent scatterer InSAR data: RODGERS CREEK FAULT CREEP
journal, January 2017
- Jin, Lizhen; Funning, Gareth J.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
Slip rates and spatially variable creep on faults of the northern San Andreas system inferred through Bayesian inversion of Global Positioning System data: N. California fault creep and slip rates
journal, July 2014
- Murray, Jessica R.; Minson, Sarah E.; Svarc, Jerry L.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 119, Issue 7
Time-dependent model of creep on the Hayward fault from joint inversion of 18 years of InSAR and surface creep data: HAYWARD TIME-DEPENDENT CREEP MODEL
journal, April 2013
- Shirzaei, M.; Bürgmann, R.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 118, Issue 4
High-resolution interseismic velocity data along the San Andreas Fault from GPS and InSAR: INTERSEISMIC VELOCITY DATA ON SAN ANDREAS FAULT
journal, January 2013
- Tong, X.; Sandwell, D. T.; Smith-Konter, B.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 118, Issue 1
Global Positioning System campaign data collected by USGS Earthquake Science Center
dataset, January 2016
- Murray, Jessica R.
- U.S. Geological Survey
The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission
text, January 2005
- E., Alsdorf, Douglas; Douglas, Burbank,; Michael, Oskin,
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Permanent scatterers in SAR interferometry
conference, January 1999
- Ferretti, A.; Prati, C.; Rocca, F.
- IEEE 1999 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IGARSS'99 (Cat. No.99CH36293)
Works referencing / citing this record:
Logarithmic Model Joint Inversion Method for Coseismic and Postseismic Slip: Application to the 2017 Mw 7.3 Sarpol Zahāb Earthquake, Iran
journal, November 2019
- Liu, Xiaoge; Xu, Wenbin
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 124, Issue 11
A Fine Velocity and Strain Rate Field of Present-Day Crustal Motion of the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau Inverted Jointly by InSAR and GPS
journal, February 2019
- Song, Xiaogang; Jiang, Yu; Shan, Xinjian
- Remote Sensing, Vol. 11, Issue 4
Widespread Fault Creep in the Northern San Francisco Bay Area Revealed by Multistation Cluster Detection of Repeating Earthquakes
journal, June 2019
- Shakibay Senobari, Nader; Funning, Gareth J.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 46, Issue 12