Biogeochemistry drives diversity in the prokaryotes, fungi, and invertebrates of a Panama forest
Abstract
Humans are both fertilizing the world and depleting its soils, decreasing the diversity of aquatic ecosystems and terrestrial plants in the process. We know less about how nutrients shape the abundance and diversity of the prokaryotes, fungi, and invertebrates of Earth's soils. Here in this paper we explore this question in the soils of a Panama forest subject to a 13-yr fertilization with factorial combinations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) and a separate micronutrient cocktail. We contrast three hypotheses linking biogeochemistry to abundance and diversity. Consistent with the Stress Hypothesis, adding N suppressed the abundance of invertebrates and the richness of all three groups of organisms by ca. 1 SD or more below controls. Nitrogen addition plots were 0.8 pH units more acidic with 18% more exchangeable aluminum, which is toxic to both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. These stress effects were frequently reversed, however, when N was added with P (for prokaryotes and invertebrates) and with added K (for fungi). Consistent with the Abundance Hypothesis, adding P generally increased prokaryote and invertebrate diversity, and adding K enhanced invertebrate diversity. Also consistent with the Abundance Hypothesis, increases in invertebrate abundance generated increases in richness. We found little evidence for themore »
- Authors:
-
- Univ. of Oklahoma, Norman, OK (United States). Dept. of Biology, Graduate Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon (Panama)
- Univ. of Oklahoma, Norman, OK (United States). Dept. of Biology, Graduate Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
- Univ. of Oklahoma, Norman, OK (United States). Dept. of Botany and Microbiology, Inst. for Environmental Genomics
- Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States). Dept. of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
- Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States). Dept. of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Santa Fe Inst., Santa Fe, NM (United States)
- Univ. of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (United States). Dept. of Biology, and LTER Network Office
- Univ. of Oklahoma, Norman, OK (United States). Dept. of Botany and Microbiology, Inst. for Environmental Genomics; Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing (China). CAS Key Lab. of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon (Panama)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1479322
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-05CH11231; EF‐1065844
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Ecology
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 98; Journal Issue: 8; Journal ID: ISSN 0012-9658
- Publisher:
- Ecological Society of America (ESA)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; biogeochemistry; brown food web; richness; soil; tropics
Citation Formats
Kaspari, Michael, Bujan, Jelena, Weiser, Michael D., Ning, Daliang, Michaletz, Sean T., Zhili, He, Enquist, Brian J., Waide, Robert B., Zhou, Jizhong, Turner, Benjamin L., and Wright, S. Joseph. Biogeochemistry drives diversity in the prokaryotes, fungi, and invertebrates of a Panama forest. United States: N. p., 2017.
Web. doi:10.1002/ecy.1895.
Kaspari, Michael, Bujan, Jelena, Weiser, Michael D., Ning, Daliang, Michaletz, Sean T., Zhili, He, Enquist, Brian J., Waide, Robert B., Zhou, Jizhong, Turner, Benjamin L., & Wright, S. Joseph. Biogeochemistry drives diversity in the prokaryotes, fungi, and invertebrates of a Panama forest. United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.1895
Kaspari, Michael, Bujan, Jelena, Weiser, Michael D., Ning, Daliang, Michaletz, Sean T., Zhili, He, Enquist, Brian J., Waide, Robert B., Zhou, Jizhong, Turner, Benjamin L., and Wright, S. Joseph. Sat .
"Biogeochemistry drives diversity in the prokaryotes, fungi, and invertebrates of a Panama forest". United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.1895. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1479322.
@article{osti_1479322,
title = {Biogeochemistry drives diversity in the prokaryotes, fungi, and invertebrates of a Panama forest},
author = {Kaspari, Michael and Bujan, Jelena and Weiser, Michael D. and Ning, Daliang and Michaletz, Sean T. and Zhili, He and Enquist, Brian J. and Waide, Robert B. and Zhou, Jizhong and Turner, Benjamin L. and Wright, S. Joseph},
abstractNote = {Humans are both fertilizing the world and depleting its soils, decreasing the diversity of aquatic ecosystems and terrestrial plants in the process. We know less about how nutrients shape the abundance and diversity of the prokaryotes, fungi, and invertebrates of Earth's soils. Here in this paper we explore this question in the soils of a Panama forest subject to a 13-yr fertilization with factorial combinations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) and a separate micronutrient cocktail. We contrast three hypotheses linking biogeochemistry to abundance and diversity. Consistent with the Stress Hypothesis, adding N suppressed the abundance of invertebrates and the richness of all three groups of organisms by ca. 1 SD or more below controls. Nitrogen addition plots were 0.8 pH units more acidic with 18% more exchangeable aluminum, which is toxic to both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. These stress effects were frequently reversed, however, when N was added with P (for prokaryotes and invertebrates) and with added K (for fungi). Consistent with the Abundance Hypothesis, adding P generally increased prokaryote and invertebrate diversity, and adding K enhanced invertebrate diversity. Also consistent with the Abundance Hypothesis, increases in invertebrate abundance generated increases in richness. We found little evidence for the Competition Hypothesis: that single nutrients suppressed diversity by favoring a subset of high nutrient specialists, and that nutrient combinations suppressed diversity even more. Instead, combinations of nutrients, and especially the cation/micronutrient treatment, yielded the largest increases in richness in the two eukaryote groups. In sum, changes in soil biogeochemistry revealed a diversity of responses among the three dominant soil groups, positive synergies among nutrients, and–in contrast with terrestrial plants–the frequent enhancement of soil biodiversity.},
doi = {10.1002/ecy.1895},
journal = {Ecology},
number = 8,
volume = 98,
place = {United States},
year = {Sat May 13 00:00:00 EDT 2017},
month = {Sat May 13 00:00:00 EDT 2017}
}
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