Suppressing defects through the synergistic effect of a Lewis base and a Lewis acid for highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells

Zhang, Fei; Bi, Dongqin; Pellet, Norman; Xiao, Chuanxiao; Li, Zhen; Berry, Joseph J.; Zakeeruddin, Shaik Mohammed; Zhu, Kai; Grätzel, Michael

doi:10.1039/C8EE02252F

Title: Suppressing defects through the synergistic effect of a Lewis base and a Lewis acid for highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells

Journal Article · 07 October 2018 · Energy & Environmental Science

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C8EE02252F · OSTI ID:1478732

^[1]; Bi, Dongqin ^[2]; Pellet, Norman ^[3];

^[4];

^[3];

^[4]; Grätzel, Michael ^[3]

National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Ecole Polytechnique Federal de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne (Switzerland)
Sun Yat-sen Univ., Guangzhou (People's Republic of China)
Ecole Polytechnique Federal de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne (Switzerland)
National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Achieving long-term operational stability at a high efficiency level for perovskite solar cells is the most challenging issue toward commercialization of this emerging photovoltaic technology. Here, we investigated the cooperation of a Lewis base and a Lewis acid by combining commercial bis-PCBM mixed isomers as the Lewis acid in the antisolvent and N-(4-bromophenyl)thiourea (BrPh-ThR) as the Lewis base in the perovskite solution precursor. The combination of the Lewis base and the Lewis acid synergistically passivates Pb²⁺ and PbX^3– antisite defects, enlarges the perovskite grain size, and improves charge-carrier separation and transport, leading to improved device efficiency from 19.3% to 21.7%. In addition, this Lewis base and acid combination also suppresses moisture incursion and passivates pinholes generated in the hole-transporting layer. Furthermore, the unsealed devices remained at 93% of the initial efficiency value in ambient air (10–20% relative humidity) after 3600 h at 20–25 °C and dropped by 10% after 1500 h under continuous operation at 1-sun illumination and 55 °C in nitrogen with maximum power-point tracking.

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Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308

OSTI ID:: 1478732

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA-5900-71829

Journal Information:: Energy & Environmental Science, Journal Name: Energy & Environmental Science Journal Issue: 12 Vol. 11; ISSN EESNBY; ISSN 1754-5692

Publisher:: Royal Society of ChemistryCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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efficiency
perovskite solar cells
photovoltaics
stability

Title: Suppressing defects through the synergistic effect of a Lewis base and a Lewis acid for highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells

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