Exchange-biasing topological charges by antiferromagnetism

He, Qing Lin; Yin, Gen; Grutter, Alexander J.; Pan, Lei; Che, Xiaoyu; Yu, Guoqiang; Gilbert, Dustin A.; Disseler, Steven M.; Liu, Yizhou; Shafer, Padraic; Zhang, Bin; Wu, Yingying; Kirby, Brian J.; Arenholz, Elke; Lake, Roger K.; Han, Xiaodong; Wang, Kang L.

doi:10.1038/s41467-018-05166-9

Title: Exchange-biasing topological charges by antiferromagnetism

Abstract

Geometric Hall effect is induced by the emergent gauge field experienced by the carriers adiabatically passing through certain real-space topological spin textures, which is a probe to non-trivial spin textures, such as magnetic skyrmions. We report experimental indications of spin-texture topological charges induced in heterostructures of a topological insulator (Bi,Sb)₂Te₃ coupled to an antiferromagnet MnTe. Through a seeding effect, the pinned spins at the interface leads to a tunable modification of the averaged real-space topological charge. This effect experimentally manifests as a modification of the field-dependent geometric Hall effect when the system is field-cooled along different directions. This heterostructure represents a platform for manipulating magnetic topological transitions using antiferromagnetic order.

Authors:

He, Qing Lin ^[1]; Yin, Gen ^[2];

^[3]; Pan, Lei ^[2]; Che, Xiaoyu ^[2];

^[2]; Gilbert, Dustin A. ^[3]; Disseler, Steven M. ^[3]; Liu, Yizhou ^[4];

^[5]; Zhang, Bin ^[6]; Wu, Yingying ^[2]; Kirby, Brian J. ^[3]; Arenholz, Elke ^[5];

^[4]; Han, Xiaodong ^[6];

^[2]

Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States); Peking Univ., Beijing (China)
Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)
National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD (United States)
Univ. of California, Riverside, CA (United States)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Beijing Univ. of Technology (China)

Publication Date:: Tue Jul 17 00:00:00 EDT 2018

Research Org.:: Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Spins and Heat in Nanoscale Electronic Systems (SHINES); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

OSTI Identifier:: 1478358

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Nature Communications

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 9; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 2041-1723

Publisher:: Nature Publishing Group

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE

Citation Formats


                    He, Qing Lin, Yin, Gen, Grutter, Alexander J., Pan, Lei, Che, Xiaoyu, Yu, Guoqiang, Gilbert, Dustin A., Disseler, Steven M., Liu, Yizhou, Shafer, Padraic, Zhang, Bin, Wu, Yingying, Kirby, Brian J., Arenholz, Elke, Lake, Roger K., Han, Xiaodong, and Wang, Kang L. Exchange-biasing topological charges by antiferromagnetism.  United States: N. p., 2018. 
Web.  doi:10.1038/s41467-018-05166-9.

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                    He, Qing Lin, Yin, Gen, Grutter, Alexander J., Pan, Lei, Che, Xiaoyu, Yu, Guoqiang, Gilbert, Dustin A., Disseler, Steven M., Liu, Yizhou, Shafer, Padraic, Zhang, Bin, Wu, Yingying, Kirby, Brian J., Arenholz, Elke, Lake, Roger K., Han, Xiaodong, & Wang, Kang L. Exchange-biasing topological charges by antiferromagnetism.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05166-9

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                    He, Qing Lin, Yin, Gen, Grutter, Alexander J., Pan, Lei, Che, Xiaoyu, Yu, Guoqiang, Gilbert, Dustin A., Disseler, Steven M., Liu, Yizhou, Shafer, Padraic, Zhang, Bin, Wu, Yingying, Kirby, Brian J., Arenholz, Elke, Lake, Roger K., Han, Xiaodong, and Wang, Kang L. Tue .  
"Exchange-biasing topological charges by antiferromagnetism".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05166-9.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1478358.

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@article{osti_1478358,

  title        = {Exchange-biasing topological charges by antiferromagnetism},

  author       = {He, Qing Lin and Yin, Gen and Grutter, Alexander J. and Pan, Lei and Che, Xiaoyu and Yu, Guoqiang and Gilbert, Dustin A. and Disseler, Steven M. and Liu, Yizhou and Shafer, Padraic and Zhang, Bin and Wu, Yingying and Kirby, Brian J. and Arenholz, Elke and Lake, Roger K. and Han, Xiaodong and Wang, Kang L.},

  abstractNote = {Geometric Hall effect is induced by the emergent gauge field experienced by the carriers adiabatically passing through certain real-space topological spin textures, which is a probe to non-trivial spin textures, such as magnetic skyrmions. We report experimental indications of spin-texture topological charges induced in heterostructures of a topological insulator (Bi,Sb)2Te3 coupled to an antiferromagnet MnTe. Through a seeding effect, the pinned spins at the interface leads to a tunable modification of the averaged real-space topological charge. This effect experimentally manifests as a modification of the field-dependent geometric Hall effect when the system is field-cooled along different directions. This heterostructure represents a platform for manipulating magnetic topological transitions using antiferromagnetic order.},

  doi          = {10.1038/s41467-018-05166-9},

  journal      = {Nature Communications},

  number       = 1,

  volume       = 9,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Tue Jul 17 00:00:00 EDT 2018},

  month        = {Tue Jul 17 00:00:00 EDT 2018}

}

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https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05166-9

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Topological insulator: Spintronics and quantum computations
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Skyrmion-electronics: writing, deleting, reading and processing magnetic skyrmions toward spintronic applications
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Zhang, Xichao; Zhou, Yan; Mee Song, Kyung
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A low-temperature Kerr effect microscope for the simultaneous magneto-optic and magneto-transport study of magnetic topological insulators
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Coexistence of Surface and Bulk Ferromagnetism Mimics Skyrmion Hall Effect in a Topological Insulator
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Fijalkowski, K. M.; Hartl, M.; Winnerlein, M.
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Skyrmion-electronics: writing, deleting, reading and processing magnetic skyrmions toward spintronic applications
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Zhang, Xichao; Zhou, Yan; Mee Song, Kyung
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Interface-Induced Sign Reversal of the Anomalous Hall Effect in Magnetic Topological Insulator Heterostructures
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Wang, Fei; Wang, Xuepeng; Zhao, Yi-Fan
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Title: Exchange-biasing topological charges by antiferromagnetism

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Topological antiferromagnetic spintronics journal, March 2018

Spiral Growth without Dislocations: Molecular Beam Epitaxy of the Topological Insulator Bi 2 Se 3 on Epitaxial Graphene/SiC(0001) journal, March 2012

Large Topological Hall Effect in a Short-Period Helimagnet MnGe journal, April 2011

Spectroscopic fingerprints of valence and spin states in manganese oxides and fluorides journal, May 2013

Skyrmion Lattice in a Chiral Magnet journal, February 2009

Multiple-stable anisotropic magnetoresistance memory in antiferromagnetic MnTe journal, June 2016

Experimental Observation of the Quantum Anomalous Hall Effect in a Magnetic Topological Insulator journal, March 2013

Correlation between antiferromagnetic interface coupling and positive exchange bias journal, January 2000

MnL3,2 x-ray absorption and magnetic circular dichroism in ferromagnetic Ga1−xMnxP journal, July 2006

Experimental Verification of the Van Vleck Nature of Long-Range Ferromagnetic Order in the Vanadium-Doped Three-Dimensional Topological Insulator Sb 2 Te 3 journal, April 2015

Geometric Hall effects in topological insulator heterostructures journal, February 2016

Epitaxial growth of Bi 2 Se 3 topological insulator thin films on Si (111) journal, May 2011

Electronic structure and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism in Mn-doped topological insulators Bi 2 Se 3 and Bi 2 Te 3 journal, December 2017

Study of the structural, electric and magnetic properties of Mn-doped Bi 2 Te 3 single crystals journal, October 2013

Writing and Deleting Single Magnetic Skyrmions journal, August 2013

Local environment of Mn atoms in IV-VI ferromagnetic semiconductor Ge1−xMnxTe journal, April 2006

Metal-to-insulator switching in quantum anomalous Hall states journal, October 2015

Tunable room-temperature magnetic skyrmions in Ir/Fe/Co/Pt multilayers journal, July 2017

Asymmetry of domain nucleation and enhanced coercivity in exchange-biased epitaxial NiO/NiFe bilayers journal, April 1998

Topological Hall Effect in the A Phase of MnSi journal, May 2009

Dimensional Crossover-Induced Topological Hall Effect in a Magnetic Topological Insulator journal, October 2017

Unusual Hall Effect Anomaly in MnSi under Pressure journal, May 2009

Magnetic and structural properties of Mn-doped Bi2Se3 topological insulators journal, January 2016

Exchange bias journal, February 1999

Topological properties and dynamics of magnetic skyrmions journal, December 2013

A high-temperature ferromagnetic topological insulating phase by proximity coupling journal, May 2016

Development of ferromagnetism in the doped topological insulator Bi 2 − x Mn x Te 3 journal, May 2010

Route towards Dirac and Weyl antiferromagnetic spintronics: Route towards Dirac and Weyl antiferromagnetic spintronics journal, March 2017

Interfacial Uncompensated Antiferromagnetic Spins: Role in Unidirectional Anisotropy in Polycrystalline Ni 81 Fe 19 / CoO Bilayers journal, August 1997

Blowing magnetic skyrmion bubbles journal, June 2015

Emergent electrodynamics of skyrmions in a chiral magnet journal, February 2012

Real-space observation of a two-dimensional skyrmion crystal journal, June 2010

Tailoring exchange couplings in magnetic topological-insulator/antiferromagnet heterostructures journal, October 2016

Domain formation due to surface steps in topological insulator Bi 2 Te 3 thin films grown on Si (111) by molecular beam epitaxy journal, August 2013

Topological charge analysis of ultrafast single skyrmion creation journal, May 2016

Anomalous Hall effect journal, May 2010

Twisting the thermoelectric potential journal, January 2021

Study of the structural, electric and magnetic properties of Mn-doped Bi2Te3 single crystals text, January 2013

Unusual Hall Effect Anomaly in MnSi Under Pressure text, January 2008

Skyrmion Lattice in a Chiral Magnet text, January 2009

Spectroscopic fingerprints of valence and spin states in manganese oxides and fluorides text, January 2012

Topological Charge Analysis of Ultrafast Single Skyrmion Creation text, January 2014

Multiple-stable anisotropic magnetoresistance memory in antiferromagnetic MnTe text, January 2015

Experimental Observation of the Quantum Anomalous Hall Effect in a Magnetic Topological Insulator text, January 2016

Tunable Room Temperature Magnetic Skyrmions in Ir/Fe/Co/Pt Multilayers text, January 2016

Magnetic and structural properties of Mn-doped Bi2Se3 topological insulators journal, January 2016

Real-space observation of a two-dimensional skyrmion crystal journal, June 2010

Tailoring exchange couplings in magnetic topological-insulator/antiferromagnet heterostructures journal, October 2016

Topological properties and dynamics of magnetic skyrmions journal, December 2013

Topological antiferromagnetic spintronics journal, March 2018

Local environment of Mn atoms in IV-VI ferromagnetic semiconductor Ge1−xMnxTe journal, April 2006

Epitaxial growth of Bi 2 Se 3 topological insulator thin films on Si (111) journal, May 2011

Domain formation due to surface steps in topological insulator Bi 2 Te 3 thin films grown on Si (111) by molecular beam epitaxy journal, August 2013

Electron-yield saturation effects in L -edge x-ray magnetic circular dichroism spectra of Fe, Co, and Ni journal, March 1999

Robust Formation of Skyrmions and Topological Hall Effect Anomaly in Epitaxial Thin Films of MnSi journal, March 2013

Scale-Invariant Quantum Anomalous Hall Effect in Magnetic Topological Insulators beyond the Two-Dimensional Limit journal, September 2014

Skyrmion Lattice in a Chiral Magnet journal, February 2009

Writing and Deleting Single Magnetic Skyrmions journal, August 2013

Topological Hall effect in the A-phase of MnSi text, January 2009

Emergent electrodynamics of skyrmions in a chiral magnet text, January 2012

Spectroscopic fingerprints of valence and spin states in manganese oxides and fluorides text, January 2012

Metal-to-Insulator Switching in Quantum Anomalous Hall States text, January 2015

Tunable Room Temperature Magnetic Skyrmions in Ir/Fe/Co/Pt Multilayers text, January 2016

Route Towards Dirac and Weyl Antiferromagnetic Spintronics text, January 2017

Topological insulator: Spintronics and quantum computations journal, May 2019

Tuning the magnetotransport behavior of topological insulator with a transition-metal oxide layer journal, July 2019

Skyrmion-electronics: writing, deleting, reading and processing magnetic skyrmions toward spintronic applications journal, January 2020

A low-temperature Kerr effect microscope for the simultaneous magneto-optic and magneto-transport study of magnetic topological insulators journal, September 2019

Coexistence of Surface and Bulk Ferromagnetism Mimics Skyrmion Hall Effect in a Topological Insulator journal, January 2020

A low-temperature Kerr effect microscope for the simultaneous magneto-optic and magneto-transport study of magnetic topological insulators text, January 2019

Skyrmion-electronics: writing, deleting, reading and processing magnetic skyrmions toward spintronic applications journal, January 2020

Interface-Induced Sign Reversal of the Anomalous Hall Effect in Magnetic Topological Insulator Heterostructures text, January 2020

Topological antiferromagnetic spintronics
journal, March 2018

Spiral Growth without Dislocations: Molecular Beam Epitaxy of the Topological Insulator ${Bi}_{2} {Se}_{3}$ on Epitaxial Graphene/SiC(0001)
journal, March 2012

Large Topological Hall Effect in a Short-Period Helimagnet MnGe
journal, April 2011

Spectroscopic fingerprints of valence and spin states in manganese oxides and fluorides
journal, May 2013

Skyrmion Lattice in a Chiral Magnet
journal, February 2009

Multiple-stable anisotropic magnetoresistance memory in antiferromagnetic MnTe
journal, June 2016

Experimental Observation of the Quantum Anomalous Hall Effect in a Magnetic Topological Insulator
journal, March 2013

Correlation between antiferromagnetic interface coupling and positive exchange bias
journal, January 2000

MnL3,2 x-ray absorption and magnetic circular dichroism in ferromagnetic Ga1−xMnxP
journal, July 2006

Experimental Verification of the Van Vleck Nature of Long-Range Ferromagnetic Order in the Vanadium-Doped Three-Dimensional Topological Insulator ${Sb}_{2} {Te}_{3}$
journal, April 2015

Geometric Hall effects in topological insulator heterostructures
journal, February 2016

Epitaxial growth of Bi ₂ Se ₃ topological insulator thin films on Si (111)
journal, May 2011

Electronic structure and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism in Mn-doped topological insulators ${Bi}_{2} {Se}_{3}$ and ${Bi}_{2} {Te}_{3}$
journal, December 2017

Study of the structural, electric and magnetic properties of Mn-doped Bi ₂ Te ₃ single crystals
journal, October 2013

Writing and Deleting Single Magnetic Skyrmions
journal, August 2013

Local environment of Mn atoms in IV-VI ferromagnetic semiconductor Ge1−xMnxTe
journal, April 2006

Metal-to-insulator switching in quantum anomalous Hall states
journal, October 2015

Tunable room-temperature magnetic skyrmions in Ir/Fe/Co/Pt multilayers
journal, July 2017

Asymmetry of domain nucleation and enhanced coercivity in exchange-biased epitaxial NiO/NiFe bilayers
journal, April 1998

Topological Hall Effect in the $A$ Phase of MnSi
journal, May 2009

Dimensional Crossover-Induced Topological Hall Effect in a Magnetic Topological Insulator
journal, October 2017

Unusual Hall Effect Anomaly in MnSi under Pressure
journal, May 2009

Magnetic and structural properties of Mn-doped Bi2Se3 topological insulators
journal, January 2016

Exchange bias
journal, February 1999

Topological properties and dynamics of magnetic skyrmions
journal, December 2013

A high-temperature ferromagnetic topological insulating phase by proximity coupling
journal, May 2016

Development of ferromagnetism in the doped topological insulator ${Bi}_{2 - x} {Mn}_{x} {Te}_{3}$
journal, May 2010

Route towards Dirac and Weyl antiferromagnetic spintronics: Route towards Dirac and Weyl antiferromagnetic spintronics
journal, March 2017

Interfacial Uncompensated Antiferromagnetic Spins: Role in Unidirectional Anisotropy in Polycrystalline ${Ni}_{81} {Fe}_{19} / CoO$ Bilayers
journal, August 1997

Blowing magnetic skyrmion bubbles
journal, June 2015

Emergent electrodynamics of skyrmions in a chiral magnet
journal, February 2012

Real-space observation of a two-dimensional skyrmion crystal
journal, June 2010

Tailoring exchange couplings in magnetic topological-insulator/antiferromagnet heterostructures
journal, October 2016

Domain formation due to surface steps in topological insulator Bi ₂ Te ₃ thin films grown on Si (111) by molecular beam epitaxy
journal, August 2013

Topological charge analysis of ultrafast single skyrmion creation
journal, May 2016

Anomalous Hall effect
journal, May 2010

Twisting the thermoelectric potential
journal, January 2021

Study of the structural, electric and magnetic properties of Mn-doped Bi2Te3 single crystals
text, January 2013

Unusual Hall Effect Anomaly in MnSi Under Pressure
text, January 2008

Skyrmion Lattice in a Chiral Magnet
text, January 2009

Spectroscopic fingerprints of valence and spin states in manganese oxides and fluorides
text, January 2012

Topological Charge Analysis of Ultrafast Single Skyrmion Creation
text, January 2014

Multiple-stable anisotropic magnetoresistance memory in antiferromagnetic MnTe
text, January 2015

Experimental Observation of the Quantum Anomalous Hall Effect in a Magnetic Topological Insulator
text, January 2016

Tunable Room Temperature Magnetic Skyrmions in Ir/Fe/Co/Pt Multilayers
text, January 2016

Magnetic and structural properties of Mn-doped Bi2Se3 topological insulators
journal, January 2016

Real-space observation of a two-dimensional skyrmion crystal
journal, June 2010

Tailoring exchange couplings in magnetic topological-insulator/antiferromagnet heterostructures
journal, October 2016

Topological properties and dynamics of magnetic skyrmions
journal, December 2013

Topological antiferromagnetic spintronics
journal, March 2018

Local environment of Mn atoms in IV-VI ferromagnetic semiconductor Ge1−xMnxTe
journal, April 2006

Epitaxial growth of Bi ₂ Se ₃ topological insulator thin films on Si (111)
journal, May 2011

Domain formation due to surface steps in topological insulator Bi ₂ Te ₃ thin films grown on Si (111) by molecular beam epitaxy
journal, August 2013

Electron-yield saturation effects in L -edge x-ray magnetic circular dichroism spectra of Fe, Co, and Ni
journal, March 1999

Robust Formation of Skyrmions and Topological Hall Effect Anomaly in Epitaxial Thin Films of MnSi
journal, March 2013

Scale-Invariant Quantum Anomalous Hall Effect in Magnetic Topological Insulators beyond the Two-Dimensional Limit
journal, September 2014

Skyrmion Lattice in a Chiral Magnet
journal, February 2009

Writing and Deleting Single Magnetic Skyrmions
journal, August 2013

Topological Hall effect in the A-phase of MnSi
text, January 2009

Emergent electrodynamics of skyrmions in a chiral magnet
text, January 2012

Spectroscopic fingerprints of valence and spin states in manganese oxides and fluorides
text, January 2012

Metal-to-Insulator Switching in Quantum Anomalous Hall States
text, January 2015

Tunable Room Temperature Magnetic Skyrmions in Ir/Fe/Co/Pt Multilayers
text, January 2016

Route Towards Dirac and Weyl Antiferromagnetic Spintronics
text, January 2017

Topological insulator: Spintronics and quantum computations
journal, May 2019

Tuning the magnetotransport behavior of topological insulator with a transition-metal oxide layer
journal, July 2019

Skyrmion-electronics: writing, deleting, reading and processing magnetic skyrmions toward spintronic applications
journal, January 2020

A low-temperature Kerr effect microscope for the simultaneous magneto-optic and magneto-transport study of magnetic topological insulators
journal, September 2019

Coexistence of Surface and Bulk Ferromagnetism Mimics Skyrmion Hall Effect in a Topological Insulator
journal, January 2020

A low-temperature Kerr effect microscope for the simultaneous magneto-optic and magneto-transport study of magnetic topological insulators
text, January 2019

Skyrmion-electronics: writing, deleting, reading and processing magnetic skyrmions toward spintronic applications
journal, January 2020

Interface-Induced Sign Reversal of the Anomalous Hall Effect in Magnetic Topological Insulator Heterostructures
text, January 2020