Silicon Qubits

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803581-8.09736-8

Title: Silicon Qubits

Abstract

There are two good reasons to attempt to build quantum bits (qubits) out of silicon. The first is the obvious foundation of classical microelectronics. Although silicon quantum computers would operate in a fundamentally different way from classical computers$-$for example, at cryogenic temperatures$-$still the level of development in material quality, crystal growth, and fabrication methodologies for silicon is unrivaled by any other material in the world. Leveraging even a small fraction of the worldwide investment in silicon for qubit development could potentially put silicon-based qubits far ahead of other solid-state alternatives. The second, less obvious reason for choosing silicon is the remarkably clean magnetic environment witnessed by spins in highly purified and isotopically enriched silicon material. Fortuitously, 95.3% of the naturally occurring isotopes of Si nuclei ( ²⁸Si and ³⁰Si) are spin-0. These nuclei therefore have a “closed shell” of nuclear moments, providing no external magnetic field whatsoever. Add to this the possibility of intrinsic silicon with part-per-billion chemical quality and the system is remarkably close to “vacuum” with respect to magnetic noise properties.

Authors:

Carroll, Malcolm S. ^[1]; Ladd, Thaddeus D. ^[2]

Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
HRL Lab. LLC, Malibu, CA (United States)

Publication Date:: 2018-02-28

Research Org.:: Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

OSTI Identifier:: 1478329

Report Number(s):: SAND-2017-5868J
653840

Grant/Contract Number:: AC04-94AL85000

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Encyclopedia of Modern Optics

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 1

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; Charge qubit; CMOS; Donor; Exchange interaction; Heterostructure; Quantum computing; Quantum dot; Quantum measurement; SiGe; Single electron transistor; Spin qubit; STM lithography; Valley splitting

Citation Formats


                    Carroll, Malcolm S., and Ladd, Thaddeus D. Silicon Qubits.  United States: N. p., 2018. 
        Web.  doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803581-8.09736-8.

Copy to clipboard


                    Carroll, Malcolm S., & Ladd, Thaddeus D. Silicon Qubits.  United States.  doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803581-8.09736-8.

Copy to clipboard


                    Carroll, Malcolm S., and Ladd, Thaddeus D. Wed .  
        "Silicon Qubits".  United States.  doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803581-8.09736-8.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1478329.

Copy to clipboard


                    
@article{osti_1478329,

  title        = {Silicon Qubits},

  author       = {Carroll, Malcolm S. and Ladd, Thaddeus D.},

  abstractNote = {There are two good reasons to attempt to build quantum bits (qubits) out of silicon. The first is the obvious foundation of classical microelectronics. Although silicon quantum computers would operate in a fundamentally different way from classical computers$-$for example, at cryogenic temperatures$-$still the level of development in material quality, crystal growth, and fabrication methodologies for silicon is unrivaled by any other material in the world. Leveraging even a small fraction of the worldwide investment in silicon for qubit development could potentially put silicon-based qubits far ahead of other solid-state alternatives. The second, less obvious reason for choosing silicon is the remarkably clean magnetic environment witnessed by spins in highly purified and isotopically enriched silicon material. Fortuitously, 95.3% of the naturally occurring isotopes of Si nuclei (28Si and 30Si) are spin-0. These nuclei therefore have a “closed shell” of nuclear moments, providing no external magnetic field whatsoever. Add to this the possibility of intrinsic silicon with part-per-billion chemical quality and the system is remarkably close to “vacuum” with respect to magnetic noise properties.},

  doi          = {10.1016/b978-0-12-803581-8.09736-8},

  journal      = {Encyclopedia of Modern Optics},

  number       = ,

  volume       = 1,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2018},

  month        = {2}

}

Copy to clipboard

Journal Article:

Free Publicly Available Full Text

Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Publisher's Version of Record

DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-803581-8.09736-8

Other availability

Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal

Figures / Tables:

Figure 1: Table indicating the three principle types of silicon qubits; the sketch column gives a rough image of the band structure as a black line, the electron wave function in red, and the material stack below.

All figures and tables (3 total)

Save / Share:

Export Metadata

Save to My Library

Figures / Tables found in this record:

Figure 1(p. 3)

Figure 2(p. 6)

Table 1(p. 9)

Figures/Tables have been extracted from DOE-funded journal article accepted manuscripts.

Similar records in OSTI.GOV collections:

Probing low noise at the MOS interface with a spin-orbit qubit.

Program Document Jock, Ryan Michael ; Jacobson, Noah Tobias ; Harvey-Collard, Patrick ; ...

The silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) material system is technologically important for the implementation of electron spin-based quantum information technologies. Researchers predict the need for an integrated platform in order to implement useful computation, and decades of advancements in silicon microelectronics fabrication lends itself to this challenge. However, fundamental concerns have been raised about the MOS interface (e.g. trap noise, variations in electron g-factor and practical implementation of multi-QDs). Furthermore, two-axis control of silicon qubits has, to date, required the integration of non-ideal components (e.g. microwave strip-lines, micro-magnets, triple quantum dots, or introduction of donor atoms). In this paper, we introduce amore »« less
Towards quantum information processing with impurity spins insilicon

Conference Schenkel, T. ; Liddle, J.A. ; Bokor, J. ; ...

The finding of algorithms for factoring and data base search that promise substantially increased computational power, as well as the expectation for efficient simulation of quantum systems have spawned an intense interest in the realization of quantum information processors [1]. Solid state implementations of quantum computers scaled to >1000 quantum bits ('qubits') promise to revolutionize information technology, but requirements with regard to sources of decoherence in solid state environments are sobering. Here, we briefly review basic approaches to impurity spin based qubits and present progress in our effort to form prototype qubit test structures. Since Kane's bold silicon based spinmore »« less
Full Text Available
Si and SiGe based double top gated accumulation mode single electron transistors for quantum bits.

Conference Wendt, Joel Robert ; Ten Eyck, Gregory A. ; Childs, Kenton David ; ...

There is significant interest in forming quantum bits (qubits) out of single electron devices for quantum information processing (QIP). Information can be encoded using properties like charge or spin. Spin is appealing because it is less strongly coupled to the solid-state environment so it is believed that the quantum state can better be preserved over longer times (i.e., that is longer decoherence times may be achieved). Long spin decoherence times would allow more complex qubit operations to be completed with higher accuracy. Recently spin qubits were demonstrated by several groups using electrostatically gated modulation doped GaAs double quantum dots (DQD)more »« less
New Approaches to Quantum Computing using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Technical Report Colvin, M ; Krishnan, V V

The power of a quantum computer (QC) relies on the fundamental concept of the superposition in quantum mechanics and thus allowing an inherent large-scale parallelization of computation. In a QC, binary information embodied in a quantum system, such as spin degrees of freedom of a spin-1/2 particle forms the qubits (quantum mechanical bits), over which appropriate logical gates perform the computation. In classical computers, the basic unit of information is the bit, which can take a value of either 0 or 1. Bits are connected together by logic gates to form logic circuits to implement complex logical operations. The expansionmore »« less
DOI: 10.2172/15007477

Full Text Available
A programmable two-qubit quantum processor in silicon

Journal Article Watson, T. F. ; Philips, S. G. J. ; Kawakami, E. ; ... - Nature (London)

Now that it is possible to achieve measurement and control fidelities for individual quantum bits (qubits) above the threshold for fault tolerance, attention is moving towards the difficult task of scaling up the number of physical qubits to the large numbers that are needed for fault-tolerant quantum computing (1,2). In this context, quantum-dot-based spin qubits could have substantial advantages over other types of qubit owing to their potential for all-electrical operation and ability to be integrated at high density onto an industrial platform (3,4,5). Initialization, readout and single- and two-qubit gates have been demonstrated in various quantum-dot-based qubit representations (6,7,8,9).more »« less
Cited by 84
DOI: 10.1038/nature25766

Full Text Available

Similar Records