Silicon Qubits

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803581-8.09736-8

Title: Silicon Qubits

Abstract

There are two good reasons to attempt to build quantum bits (qubits) out of silicon. The first is the obvious foundation of classical microelectronics. Although silicon quantum computers would operate in a fundamentally different way from classical computers$-$for example, at cryogenic temperatures$-$still the level of development in material quality, crystal growth, and fabrication methodologies for silicon is unrivaled by any other material in the world. Leveraging even a small fraction of the worldwide investment in silicon for qubit development could potentially put silicon-based qubits far ahead of other solid-state alternatives. The second, less obvious reason for choosing silicon is the remarkably clean magnetic environment witnessed by spins in highly purified and isotopically enriched silicon material. Fortuitously, 95.3% of the naturally occurring isotopes of Si nuclei (²⁸Si and ³⁰Si) are spin-0. These nuclei therefore have a “closed shell” of nuclear moments, providing no external magnetic field whatsoever. Add to this the possibility of intrinsic silicon with part-per-billion chemical quality and the system is remarkably close to “vacuum” with respect to magnetic noise properties.

Authors:

Carroll, Malcolm S. ^[1]; Ladd, Thaddeus D. ^[2]

Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
HRL Lab. LLC, Malibu, CA (United States)

Publication Date:: 2018-02-28

Research Org.:: Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

OSTI Identifier:: 1478329

Report Number(s):: SAND-2017-5868J
653840

Grant/Contract Number:: AC04-94AL85000

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Encyclopedia of Modern Optics

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 1

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; Charge qubit; CMOS; Donor; Exchange interaction; Heterostructure; Quantum computing; Quantum dot; Quantum measurement; SiGe; Single electron transistor; Spin qubit; STM lithography; Valley splitting

Citation Formats


                    Carroll, Malcolm S., and Ladd, Thaddeus D. Silicon Qubits.  United States: N. p., 2018. 
        Web.  doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803581-8.09736-8.

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                    Carroll, Malcolm S., & Ladd, Thaddeus D. Silicon Qubits.  United States.  doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803581-8.09736-8.

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                    Carroll, Malcolm S., and Ladd, Thaddeus D. Wed .  
        "Silicon Qubits".  United States.  doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803581-8.09736-8.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1478329.

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@article{osti_1478329,

  title        = {Silicon Qubits},

  author       = {Carroll, Malcolm S. and Ladd, Thaddeus D.},

  abstractNote = {There are two good reasons to attempt to build quantum bits (qubits) out of silicon. The first is the obvious foundation of classical microelectronics. Although silicon quantum computers would operate in a fundamentally different way from classical computers$-$for example, at cryogenic temperatures$-$still the level of development in material quality, crystal growth, and fabrication methodologies for silicon is unrivaled by any other material in the world. Leveraging even a small fraction of the worldwide investment in silicon for qubit development could potentially put silicon-based qubits far ahead of other solid-state alternatives. The second, less obvious reason for choosing silicon is the remarkably clean magnetic environment witnessed by spins in highly purified and isotopically enriched silicon material. Fortuitously, 95.3% of the naturally occurring isotopes of Si nuclei (28Si and 30Si) are spin-0. These nuclei therefore have a “closed shell” of nuclear moments, providing no external magnetic field whatsoever. Add to this the possibility of intrinsic silicon with part-per-billion chemical quality and the system is remarkably close to “vacuum” with respect to magnetic noise properties.},

  doi          = {10.1016/b978-0-12-803581-8.09736-8},

  journal      = {Encyclopedia of Modern Optics},

  number       = ,

  volume       = 1,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2018},

  month        = {2}

}

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Journal Article:

Free Publicly Available Full Text

Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Publisher's Version of Record

DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-803581-8.09736-8

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Figures / Tables:

Figure 1: Table indicating the three principle types of silicon qubits; the sketch column gives a rough image of the band structure as a black line, the electron wave function in red, and the material stack below.

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Works referencing / citing this record:

Single-spin qubits in isotopically enriched silicon at low magnetic field
journal, December 2019

Zhao, R.; Tanttu, T.; Tan, K. Y.
Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13416-7

Fidelity benchmarks for two-qubit gates in silicon
journal, May 2019

Huang, W.; Yang, C. H.; Chan, K. W.
Nature, Vol. 569, Issue 7757
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1197-0

Figures / Tables found in this record:

Figure 1 (p. 3)

Figure 2 (p. 6)

Table 1 (p. 9)

Figures/Tables have been extracted from DOE-funded journal article accepted manuscripts.

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Similar Records

Title: Silicon Qubits

Abstract

Citation Formats

Figures / Tables:

Single-spin qubits in isotopically enriched silicon at low magnetic field journal, December 2019

Fidelity benchmarks for two-qubit gates in silicon journal, May 2019

Single-spin qubits in isotopically enriched silicon at low magnetic field
journal, December 2019

Fidelity benchmarks for two-qubit gates in silicon
journal, May 2019