Carbon cycle confidence and uncertainty: Exploring variation among soil biogeochemical models
Abstract
Emerging insights into factors responsible for soil organic matter stabilization and decomposition are being applied in a variety of contexts, but new tools are needed to facilitate the understanding, evaluation, and improvement of soil biogeochemical theory and models at regional to global scales. To isolate the effects of model structural uncertainty on the global distribution of soil carbon stocks and turnover times we developed a soil biogeochemical testbed that forces three different soil models with consistent climate and plant productivity inputs. The models tested here include a first-order, microbial implicit approach (CASA-CNP), and two recently developed microbially explicit models that can be run at global scales (MIMICS and CORPSE). When forced with common environmental drivers, the soil models generated similar estimates of initial soil carbon stocks (roughly 1,400 Pg C globally, 0–100 cm), but each model shows a different functional relationship between mean annual temperature and inferred turnover times. Subsequently, the models made divergent projections about the fate of these soil carbon stocks over the 20th century, with models either gaining or losing over 20 Pg C globally between 1901 and 2010. Single-forcing experiments with changed inputs, temperature, and moisture suggest that uncertainty associated with freeze-thaw processes as well asmore »
- Authors:
-
- Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States); National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO (United States)
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO (United States); Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO (United States)
- Princeton Univ., Princeton, NJ (United States)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou (China); CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Aspendale, VIC (Australia)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1411020
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1410374; OSTI ID: 1477279; OSTI ID: 1863823
- Grant/Contract Number:
- SC0014374; TES SC0014374; BSS SC0016364; AC02-05CH11231; SC0016364
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Global Change Biology
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 24; Journal Issue: 4; Journal ID: ISSN 1354-1013
- Publisher:
- Wiley
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; biogeochemistry; carbon cycle; earth system models; global change; microbial models; soil organic matter; structural uncertainty; turnover time
Citation Formats
Wieder, William R., Hartman, Melannie D., Sulman, Benjamin N., Wang, Ying -Ping, Koven, Charles D., and Bonan, Gordon B. Carbon cycle confidence and uncertainty: Exploring variation among soil biogeochemical models. United States: N. p., 2017.
Web. doi:10.1111/gcb.13979.
Wieder, William R., Hartman, Melannie D., Sulman, Benjamin N., Wang, Ying -Ping, Koven, Charles D., & Bonan, Gordon B. Carbon cycle confidence and uncertainty: Exploring variation among soil biogeochemical models. United States. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13979
Wieder, William R., Hartman, Melannie D., Sulman, Benjamin N., Wang, Ying -Ping, Koven, Charles D., and Bonan, Gordon B. Thu .
"Carbon cycle confidence and uncertainty: Exploring variation among soil biogeochemical models". United States. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13979. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1411020.
@article{osti_1411020,
title = {Carbon cycle confidence and uncertainty: Exploring variation among soil biogeochemical models},
author = {Wieder, William R. and Hartman, Melannie D. and Sulman, Benjamin N. and Wang, Ying -Ping and Koven, Charles D. and Bonan, Gordon B.},
abstractNote = {Emerging insights into factors responsible for soil organic matter stabilization and decomposition are being applied in a variety of contexts, but new tools are needed to facilitate the understanding, evaluation, and improvement of soil biogeochemical theory and models at regional to global scales. To isolate the effects of model structural uncertainty on the global distribution of soil carbon stocks and turnover times we developed a soil biogeochemical testbed that forces three different soil models with consistent climate and plant productivity inputs. The models tested here include a first-order, microbial implicit approach (CASA-CNP), and two recently developed microbially explicit models that can be run at global scales (MIMICS and CORPSE). When forced with common environmental drivers, the soil models generated similar estimates of initial soil carbon stocks (roughly 1,400 Pg C globally, 0–100 cm), but each model shows a different functional relationship between mean annual temperature and inferred turnover times. Subsequently, the models made divergent projections about the fate of these soil carbon stocks over the 20th century, with models either gaining or losing over 20 Pg C globally between 1901 and 2010. Single-forcing experiments with changed inputs, temperature, and moisture suggest that uncertainty associated with freeze-thaw processes as well as soil textural effects on soil carbon stabilization were larger than direct temperature uncertainties among models. Finally, the models generated distinct projections about the timing and magnitude of seasonal heterotrophic respiration rates, again reflecting structural uncertainties that were related to environmental sensitivities and assumptions about physicochemical stabilization of soil organic matter. Here, by providing a computationally tractable and numerically consistent framework to evaluate models we aim to better understand uncertainties among models and generate insights about factors regulating the turnover of soil organic matter.},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.13979},
journal = {Global Change Biology},
number = 4,
volume = 24,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Nov 09 00:00:00 EST 2017},
month = {Thu Nov 09 00:00:00 EST 2017}
}
Web of Science
Works referenced in this record:
Permafrost carbon−climate feedback is sensitive to deep soil carbon decomposability but not deep soil nitrogen dynamics
journal, March 2015
- Koven, Charles D.; Lawrence, David M.; Riley, William J.
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Representing life in the Earth system with soil microbial functional traits in the MIMICS model
journal, January 2015
- Wieder, W. R.; Grandy, A. S.; Kallenbach, C. M.
- Geoscientific Model Development Discussions, Vol. 8, Issue 2
Evaluation of ecosystem dynamics, plant geography and terrestrial carbon cycling in the LPJ dynamic global vegetation model
journal, February 2003
- Sitch, S.; Smith, B.; Prentice, I. C.
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 9, Issue 2
Integrating microbial physiology and physiochemical principles in soils with the MIcrobial-MIneral Carbon Stabilization (MIMICS) model
journal, January 2014
- Wieder, W. R.; Grandy, A. S.; Kallenbach, C. M.
- Biogeosciences Discussions, Vol. 11, Issue 1
Stabilization of Soil Organic Matter: Association with Minerals or Chemical Recalcitrance?
journal, January 2006
- Mikutta, Robert; Kleber, Markus; Torn, Margaret S.
- Biogeochemistry, Vol. 77, Issue 1
A global model of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles for the terrestrial biosphere
journal, January 2010
- Wang, Y. P.; Law, R. M.; Pak, B.
- Biogeosciences, Vol. 7, Issue 7
Carbon residence time dominates uncertainty in terrestrial vegetation responses to future climate and atmospheric CO 2
journal, December 2013
- Friend, Andrew D.; Lucht, Wolfgang; Rademacher, Tim T.
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 111, Issue 9
The Northern Circumpolar Soil Carbon Database: spatially distributed datasets of soil coverage and soil carbon storage in the northern permafrost regions
journal, January 2012
- Hugelius, G.; Tarnocai, C.; Broll, G.
- Earth System Science Data Discussions, Vol. 5, Issue 2
Spatial Variation in Soil Properties among North American Ecosystems and Guidelines for Sampling Designs
journal, January 2014
- Loescher, Henry; Ayres, Edward; Duffy, Paul
- PLoS ONE, Vol. 9, Issue 1
Quantifying global soil carbon losses in response to warming
journal, November 2016
- Crowther, T. W.; Todd-Brown, K. E. O.; Rowe, C. W.
- Nature, Vol. 540, Issue 7631
Improvements of the MODIS terrestrial gross and net primary production global data set
journal, March 2005
- Zhao, Maosheng; Heinsch, Faith Ann; Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
- Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 95, Issue 2
The contribution of terrestrial sources and sinks to trends in the seasonal cycle of atmospheric carbon dioxide
journal, December 1997
- Randerson, James T.; Thompson, Matthew V.; Conway, Thomas J.
- Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Vol. 11, Issue 4
Higher climatological temperature sensitivity of soil carbon in cold than warm climates
journal, October 2017
- Koven, Charles D.; Hugelius, Gustaf; Lawrence, David M.
- Nature Climate Change, Vol. 7, Issue 11
Models of soil organic matter decomposition: the SoilR package, version 1.0
journal, January 2012
- Sierra, C. A.; Müller, M.; Trumbore, S. E.
- Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 5, Issue 4
Global covariation of carbon turnover times with climate in terrestrial ecosystems
journal, September 2014
- Carvalhais, Nuno; Forkel, Matthias; Khomik, Myroslava
- Nature, Vol. 514, Issue 7521
The effect of permafrost thaw on old carbon release and net carbon exchange from tundra
journal, May 2009
- Schuur, Edward A. G.; Vogel, Jason G.; Crummer, Kathryn G.
- Nature, Vol. 459, Issue 7246
Persistence of soil organic matter as an ecosystem property
text, January 2011
- Schmidt, M. W. I.; Torn, M. S.; Abiven, S.
- Nature Publishing Group
Microbial models with data-driven parameters predict stronger soil carbon responses to climate change
journal, March 2015
- Hararuk, Oleksandra; Smith, Matthew J.; Luo, Yiqi
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 21, Issue 6
Soil organic matter turnover is governed by accessibility not recalcitrance
journal, March 2012
- Dungait, Jennifer A. J.; Hopkins, David W.; Gregory, Andrew S.
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 18, Issue 6
An Absorbing Markov Chain approach to understanding the microbial role in soil carbon stabilization
journal, September 2010
- Liang, Chao; Cheng, Guang; Wixon, Devin L.
- Biogeochemistry, Vol. 106, Issue 3
Development of a global land cover characteristics database and IGBP DISCover from 1 km AVHRR data
journal, January 2000
- Loveland, T. R.; Reed, B. C.; Brown, J. F.
- International Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol. 21, Issue 6-7
Representing life in the Earth system with soil microbial functional traits in the MIMICS model
journal, January 2015
- Wieder, W. R.; Grandy, A. S.; Kallenbach, C. M.
- Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 8, Issue 6
Estimating the Permafrost-Carbon Climate Response in the CMIP5 Climate Models Using a Simplified Approach
journal, July 2013
- Burke, Eleanor J.; Jones, Chris D.; Koven, Charles D.
- Journal of Climate, Vol. 26, Issue 14
Twenty-First-Century Compatible CO 2 Emissions and Airborne Fraction Simulated by CMIP5 Earth System Models under Four Representative Concentration Pathways
journal, July 2013
- Jones, Chris; Robertson, Eddy; Arora, Vivek
- Journal of Climate, Vol. 26, Issue 13
Invariant soil water potential at zero microbial respiration explained by hydrological discontinuity in dry soils
journal, October 2014
- Manzoni, S.; Katul, G.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 41, Issue 20
Toward more realistic projections of soil carbon dynamics by Earth system models: SOIL CARBON MODELING
journal, January 2016
- Luo, Yiqi; Ahlström, Anders; Allison, Steven D.
- Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Vol. 30, Issue 1
Carbon–Concentration and Carbon–Climate Feedbacks in CMIP5 Earth System Models
journal, August 2013
- Arora, Vivek K.; Boer, George J.; Friedlingstein, Pierre
- Journal of Climate, Vol. 26, Issue 15
The Michaelis-Menten kinetics of soil extracellular enzymes in response to temperature: a cross-latitudinal study
journal, January 2012
- German, Donovan P.; Marcelo, Kathleen R. B.; Stone, Madeleine M.
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 18, Issue 4
Causes of variation in soil carbon simulations from CMIP5 Earth system models and comparison with observations
journal, January 2013
- Todd-Brown, K. E. O.; Randerson, J. T.; Post, W. M.
- Biogeosciences, Vol. 10, Issue 3
Microbe-driven turnover offsets mineral-mediated storage of soil carbon under elevated CO2
journal, November 2014
- Sulman, Benjamin N.; Phillips, Richard P.; Oishi, A. Christopher
- Nature Climate Change, Vol. 4, Issue 12
Explicitly representing soil microbial processes in Earth system models: Soil microbes in earth system models
journal, October 2015
- Wieder, William R.; Allison, Steven D.; Davidson, Eric A.
- Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Vol. 29, Issue 10
Temperature response of soil respiration largely unaltered with experimental warming
journal, November 2016
- Carey, Joanna C.; Tang, Jianwu; Templer, Pamela H.
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 113, Issue 48
Understanding the dominant controls on litter decomposition
journal, November 2015
- Bradford, Mark A.; Berg, Björn; Maynard, Daniel S.
- Journal of Ecology, Vol. 104, Issue 1
A parameterization of leaf phenology for the terrestrial ecosystem component of climate models
journal, January 2005
- Arora, Vivek K.; Boer, George J.
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 11, Issue 1
Nitrogen and phosphorous limitations significantly reduce future allowable CO 2 emissions : N AND P REDUCE ALLOWABLE CO
journal, January 2014
- Zhang, Q.; Wang, Y. P.; Matear, R. J.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 41, Issue 2
Robustness and uncertainty in terrestrial ecosystem carbon response to CMIP5 climate change projections
text, January 2012
- Ahlström, A.; Schurgers, G.; Smith, B.
- Karlsruhe
Simulating the Earth system response to negative emissions
journal, September 2016
- Jones, C. D.; Ciais, P.; Davis, S. J.
- Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 11, Issue 9
Transit times and mean ages for nonautonomous and autonomous compartmental systems
journal, April 2016
- Rasmussen, Martin; Hastings, Alan; Smith, Matthew J.
- Journal of Mathematical Biology, Vol. 73, Issue 6-7
Global carbon budget 2013
journal, January 2014
- Le Quéré, C.; Peters, G. P.; Andres, R. J.
- Earth System Science Data, Vol. 6, Issue 1
Simulating the Earth system response to negative emissions
text, January 2016
- Jones, Chris D.; Ciais, Philippe; Davis, Steven J.
- ETH Zurich
Molecular C dynamics downstream: The biochemical decomposition sequence and its impact on soil organic matter structure and function
journal, October 2008
- Grandy, A. Stuart; Neff, Jason C.
- Science of The Total Environment, Vol. 404, Issue 2-3
A unified approach for process‐based hydrologic modeling: 1. Modeling concept
journal, April 2015
- Clark, Martyn P.; Nijssen, Bart; Lundquist, Jessica D.
- Water Resources Research, Vol. 51, Issue 4
A potential loss of carbon associated with greater plant growth in the European Arctic
journal, June 2012
- Hartley, Iain P.; Garnett, Mark H.; Sommerkorn, Martin
- Nature Climate Change, Vol. 2, Issue 12
Temperature and soil organic matter decomposition rates - synthesis of current knowledge and a way forward
journal, August 2011
- Conant, Richard T.; Ryan, Michael G.; Ågren, Göran I.
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 17, Issue 11
Plant species traits are the predominant control on litter decomposition rates within biomes worldwide
journal, October 2008
- Cornwell, William K.; Cornelissen, Johannes H. C.; Amatangelo, Kathryn
- Ecology Letters, Vol. 11, Issue 10
Carbon dioxide sources from Alaska driven by increasing early winter respiration from Arctic tundra
journal, May 2017
- Commane, Róisín; Lindaas, Jakob; Benmergui, Joshua
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 114, Issue 21
Soil carbon and nitrogen mineralization: Theory and models across scales
journal, July 2009
- Manzoni, Stefano; Porporato, Amilcare
- Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Vol. 41, Issue 7
Global patterns and controls of soil organic carbon dynamics as simulated by multiple terrestrial biosphere models: Current status and future directions: MODELING GLOBAL SOIL CARBON DYNAMICS
journal, June 2015
- Tian, Hanqin; Lu, Chaoqun; Yang, Jia
- Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Vol. 29, Issue 6
Robustness and uncertainty in terrestrial ecosystem carbon response to CMIP5 climate change projections
journal, October 2012
- Ahlström, A.; Schurgers, G.; Arneth, A.
- Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 7, Issue 4
Changes to particulate versus mineral-associated soil carbon after 50 years of litter manipulation in forest and prairie experimental ecosystems
journal, March 2014
- Lajtha, Kate; Townsend, Kimberly L.; Kramer, Marc G.
- Biogeochemistry, Vol. 119, Issue 1-3
The Microbial Efficiency-Matrix Stabilization (MEMS) framework integrates plant litter decomposition with soil organic matter stabilization: do labile plant inputs form stable soil organic matter?
journal, February 2013
- Cotrufo, M. Francesca; Wallenstein, Matthew D.; Boot, Claudia M.
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 19, Issue 4
Direct evidence for microbial-derived soil organic matter formation and its ecophysiological controls
journal, November 2016
- Kallenbach, Cynthia M.; Frey, Serita D.; Grandy, A. Stuart
- Nature Communications, Vol. 7, Issue 1
Climate fails to predict wood decomposition at regional scales
journal, June 2014
- Bradford, Mark A.; Warren II, Robert J.; Baldrian, Petr
- Nature Climate Change, Vol. 4, Issue 7
Persistence of soil organic matter as an ecosystem property
journal, October 2011
- Schmidt, Michael W. I.; Torn, Margaret S.; Abiven, Samuel
- Nature, Vol. 478, Issue 7367
Soil carbon storage controlled by interactions between geochemistry and climate
journal, August 2015
- Doetterl, Sebastian; Stevens, Antoine; Six, Johan
- Nature Geoscience, Vol. 8, Issue 10
Managing uncertainty in soil carbon feedbacks to climate change
journal, July 2016
- Bradford, Mark A.; Wieder, William R.; Bonan, Gordon B.
- Nature Climate Change, Vol. 6, Issue 8
The Northern Circumpolar Soil Carbon Database: spatially distributed datasets of soil coverage and soil carbon storage in the northern permafrost regions
journal, January 2013
- Hugelius, G.; Tarnocai, C.; Broll, G.
- Earth System Science Data, Vol. 5, Issue 1
Causes and implications of persistent atmospheric carbon dioxide biases in Earth System Models
journal, February 2014
- Hoffman, F. M.; Randerson, J. T.; Arora, V. K.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, Vol. 119, Issue 2
Transit times and mean ages for nonautonomous and autonomous compartmental systems
preprint, January 2016
- Rasmussen, Martin; Hastings, Alan; Smith, Matthew J.
- arXiv
Changes in soil organic carbon storage predicted by Earth system models during the 21st century
journal, January 2014
- Todd-Brown, K. E. O.; Randerson, J. T.; Hopkins, F.
- Biogeosciences, Vol. 11, Issue 8
Disentangling residence time and temperature sensitivity of microbial decomposition in a global soil carbon model
journal, January 2014
- Exbrayat, J. -F.; Pitman, A. J.; Abramowitz, G.
- Biogeosciences, Vol. 11, Issue 23
Litter and Root Manipulations Provide Insights into Soil Organic Matter Dynamics and Stability
journal, January 2014
- Lajtha, Kate; Bowden, Richard D.; Nadelhoffer, Knute
- Soil Science Society of America Journal, Vol. 78, Issue S1
Litter Input Controls on Soil Carbon in a Temperate Deciduous Forest
journal, January 2014
- Bowden, Richard D.; Deem, Lauren; Plante, Alain F.
- Soil Science Society of America Journal, Vol. 78, Issue S1
Temperature sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition and feedbacks to climate change
journal, March 2006
- Davidson, Eric A.; Janssens, Ivan A.
- Nature, Vol. 440, Issue 7081
Changes in soil organic carbon storage predicted by Earth system models during the 21st century
journal, January 2013
- Todd-Brown, K. E. O.; Randerson, J. T.; Hopkins, F.
- Biogeosciences Discussions, Vol. 10, Issue 12
Substrate limitations for heterotrophs: Implications for models that estimate the seasonal cycle of atmospheric CO 2
journal, December 1996
- Randerson, James T.; Thompson, Matthew V.; Malmstrom, Carolyn M.
- Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Vol. 10, Issue 4
Uncertainties in CMIP5 Climate Projections due to Carbon Cycle Feedbacks
journal, January 2014
- Friedlingstein, Pierre; Meinshausen, Malte; Arora, Vivek K.
- Journal of Climate, Vol. 27, Issue 2
The contentious nature of soil organic matter
journal, November 2015
- Lehmann, Johannes; Kleber, Markus
- Nature, Vol. 528, Issue 7580
Integrating microbial physiology and physio-chemical principles in soils with the MIcrobial-MIneral Carbon Stabilization (MIMICS) model
journal, January 2014
- Wieder, W. R.; Grandy, A. S.; Kallenbach, C. M.
- Biogeosciences, Vol. 11, Issue 14
Global climate change and soil carbon stocks; predictions from two contrasting models for the turnover of organic carbon in soil
journal, January 2005
- Jones, Chris; McConnell, Claire; Coleman, Kevin
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 11, Issue 1
Carbon emissions from land use and land-cover change
journal, January 2012
- Houghton, R. A.; House, J. I.; Pongratz, J.
- Biogeosciences, Vol. 9, Issue 12
Evaluating the Land and Ocean Components of the Global Carbon Cycle in the CMIP5 Earth System Models
journal, September 2013
- Anav, A.; Friedlingstein, P.; Kidston, M.
- Journal of Climate, Vol. 26, Issue 18
Microbial control over carbon cycling in soil
journal, January 2012
- Schimel, Joshua P.; Schaeffer, Sean M.
- Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 3
Analysis of Permafrost Thermal Dynamics and Response to Climate Change in the CMIP5 Earth System Models
journal, March 2013
- Koven, Charles D.; Riley, William J.; Stern, Alex
- Journal of Climate, Vol. 26, Issue 6
The effect of vertically resolved soil biogeochemistry and alternate soil C and N models on C dynamics of CLM4
journal, January 2013
- Koven, C. D.; Riley, W. J.; Subin, Z. M.
- Biogeosciences, Vol. 10, Issue 11
Terrestrial ecosystem production: A process model based on global satellite and surface data
journal, December 1993
- Potter, Christopher S.; Randerson, James T.; Field, Christopher B.
- Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Vol. 7, Issue 4
A global model of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles for the terrestrial biosphere
journal, January 2009
- Wang, Y. P.; Law, R. M.; Pak, B.
- Biogeosciences Discussions, Vol. 6, Issue 5
Controls on terrestrial carbon feedbacks by productivity versus turnover in the CMIP5 Earth System Models
journal, January 2015
- Koven, C. D.; Chambers, J. Q.; Georgiou, K.
- Biogeosciences, Vol. 12, Issue 17
Responses of soil heterotrophic respiration to moisture availability: An exploration of processes and models
journal, April 2013
- Moyano, Fernando E.; Manzoni, Stefano; Chenu, Claire
- Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Vol. 59
Applying population and community ecology theory to advance understanding of belowground biogeochemistry
journal, January 2017
- Buchkowski, Robert W.; Bradford, Mark A.; Grandy, Andrew Stuart
- Ecology Letters, Vol. 20, Issue 2
Future productivity and carbon storage limited by terrestrial nutrient availability
journal, April 2015
- Wieder, William R.; Cleveland, Cory C.; Smith, W. Kolby
- Nature Geoscience, Vol. 8, Issue 6
The Vertical Distribution of soil Organic Carbon and its Relation to Climate and Vegetation
journal, April 2000
- Jobbágy, Esteban G.; Jackson, Robert B.
- Ecological Applications, Vol. 10, Issue 2
Works referencing / citing this record:
Multi 'omics comparison reveals metabolome biochemistry, not microbiome composition or gene expression, corresponds to elevated biogeochemical function in the hyporheic zone
journal, November 2018
- Graham, Emily B.; Crump, Alex R.; Kennedy, David W.
- Science of The Total Environment, Vol. 642
Cross-biome patterns in soil microbial respiration predictable from evolutionary theory on thermal adaptation
journal, January 2019
- Bradford, Mark A.; McCulley, Rebecca L.; Crowther, Thomas. W.
- Nature Ecology & Evolution, Vol. 3, Issue 2
Multiple models and experiments underscore large uncertainty in soil carbon dynamics
journal, October 2018
- Sulman, Benjamin N.; Moore, Jessica A. M.; Abramoff, Rose
- Biogeochemistry, Vol. 141, Issue 2
Anthropogenic N deposition, fungal gene expression, and an increasing soil carbon sink in the Northern Hemisphere
journal, July 2019
- Zak, Donald R.; Argiroff, William A.; Freedman, Zachary B.
- Ecology, Vol. 100, Issue 10
The global soil community and its influence on biogeochemistry
journal, August 2019
- Crowther, T. W.; van den Hoogen, J.; Wan, J.
- Science, Vol. 365, Issue 6455
On the role of soil water retention characteristic on aerobic microbial respiration
journal, January 2019
- Ghezzehei, Teamrat A.; Sulman, Benjamin; Arnold, Chelsea L.
- Biogeosciences, Vol. 16, Issue 6