Rechargeable redox flow batteries: flow fields, stacks and design considerations

Ke, Xinyou; Prahl, Joseph M.; Alexander, J. Iwan D.; Wainright, Jesse S.; Zawodzinski, Thomas A.; Savinell, Robert F.

doi:10.1039/C8CS00072G

Title: Rechargeable redox flow batteries: flow fields, stacks and design considerations

Abstract

This review article summarizes the development of flow fields and stacks, and design considerations for next-generation flow batteries.

Authors:

^[1]; Prahl, Joseph M. ^[2];

^[3];

^[4];

^[5];

^[4]

Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA, Electrochemical Engineering and Energy Laboratory
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
Electrochemical Engineering and Energy Laboratory, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, USA, Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Publication Date:: 2018-11-26

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1476835

Grant/Contract Number:: AR0000352

Resource Type:: Publisher's Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Chemical Society Reviews

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Chemical Society Reviews Journal Volume: 47 Journal Issue: 23; Journal ID: ISSN 0306-0012

Publisher:: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

Citation Formats


                    Ke, Xinyou, Prahl, Joseph M., Alexander, J. Iwan D., Wainright, Jesse S., Zawodzinski, Thomas A., and Savinell, Robert F. Rechargeable redox flow batteries: flow fields, stacks and design considerations.  United Kingdom: N. p., 2018. 
Web.  https://doi.org/10.1039/C8CS00072G.

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                    Ke, Xinyou, Prahl, Joseph M., Alexander, J. Iwan D., Wainright, Jesse S., Zawodzinski, Thomas A., & Savinell, Robert F. Rechargeable redox flow batteries: flow fields, stacks and design considerations.  United Kingdom.  https://doi.org/10.1039/C8CS00072G

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                    Ke, Xinyou, Prahl, Joseph M., Alexander, J. Iwan D., Wainright, Jesse S., Zawodzinski, Thomas A., and Savinell, Robert F. Mon .  
"Rechargeable redox flow batteries: flow fields, stacks and design considerations".  United Kingdom.  https://doi.org/10.1039/C8CS00072G.

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@article{osti_1476835,

  title        = {Rechargeable redox flow batteries: flow fields, stacks and design considerations},

  author       = {Ke, Xinyou and Prahl, Joseph M. and Alexander, J. Iwan D. and Wainright, Jesse S. and Zawodzinski, Thomas A. and Savinell, Robert F.},

  abstractNote = {This review article summarizes the development of flow fields and stacks, and design considerations for next-generation flow batteries.},

  doi          = {10.1039/C8CS00072G},

  journal      = {Chemical Society Reviews},

  number       = 23,

  volume       = 47,

  place        = {United Kingdom},

  year         = {2018},

  month        = {11}

}

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Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, Vol. 19, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1007/BF01062308

All-Iron Redox Flow Battery Tailored for Off-Grid Portable Applications
journal, November 2015

Tucker, Michael C.; Phillips, Adam; Weber, Adam Z.
ChemSusChem, Vol. 8, Issue 23
DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201500845

The development of an all copper hybrid redox flow battery using deep eutectic solvents
journal, June 2013

Lloyd, David; Vainikka, Tuomas; Kontturi, Kyösti
Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 100
DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.03.130

Adsorption of Gases in Multimolecular Layers
journal, February 1938

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DOI: 10.1021/ja01269a023

2-D Model of a H ₂ /Br ₂ Flow Battery with Flow-Through Positive Electrode
journal, December 2015

You, Xin; Ye, Qiang; Van Nguyen, Trung
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Flow Batteries: Current Status and Trends
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Soloveichik, Grigorii L.
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An All-Organic Non-aqueous Lithium-Ion Redox Flow Battery
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Brushett, Fikile R.; Vaughey, John T.; Jansen, Andrew N.
Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 2, Issue 11, p. 1390-1396
DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201200322

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Title: Rechargeable redox flow batteries: flow fields, stacks and design considerations

Abstract

Citation Formats

Simplified model to predict the effect of the leakage current on primary and secondary current distributions in electrochemical reactors with a bipolar electrode journal, October 2005

High Performance Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries with Optimized Electrode Configuration and Membrane Selection journal, January 2012

Effect of a surface active agent on performance of zinc/bromine redox flow batteries: Improvement in current efficiency and system stability journal, February 2015

An aqueous, polymer-based redox-flow battery using non-corrosive, safe and low-cost materials journal, October 2015

Viscous Permeability of Random Fiber Structures: Comparison of Electrical and Diffusional Estimates with Experimental and Analytical Results journal, January 2005

Segmented polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells—A review journal, January 2011

Ferrocene and Cobaltocene Derivatives for Non-Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries journal, November 2014

Mathematical Modeling of Electrolyte Flow in a Segment of Flow Channel over Porous Electrode Layered System in Vanadium Flow Battery with Flow Field Design journal, January 2017

Numerical investigations of flow field designs for vanadium redox flow batteries journal, May 2013

Recent Progress in Redox Flow Battery Research and Development journal, September 2012

Metal–Organic Frameworks as Highly Active Electrocatalysts for High-Energy Density, Aqueous Zinc-Polyiodide Redox Flow Batteries journal, June 2016

Liquid Mass Transfer at Very Low Reynolds Numbers in Packed Beds journal, February 1966

Physical Organic Approach to Persistent, Cyclable, Low-Potential Electrolytes for Flow Battery Applications journal, February 2017

Mass transport enhancement in redox flow batteries with corrugated fluidic networks journal, August 2017

Modification of graphite electrode materials for vanadium redox flow battery application—I. Thermal treatment journal, June 1992

The Influence of Electrode and Channel Configurations on Flow Battery Performance journal, January 2014

Single phase through-plane permeability of carbon paper gas diffusion layers journal, April 2012

An Investigation into Factors Affecting the Iron Plating Reaction for an All-Iron Flow Battery journal, November 2014

Performance of a low cost interdigitated flow design on a 1 kW class all vanadium mixed acid redox flow battery journal, February 2016

Hydrodynamic analysis of flow fields for redox flow battery applications journal, August 2014

Dramatic performance gains of a novel circular vanadium flow battery journal, March 2015

Application of Redox Non-Innocent Ligands to Non-Aqueous Flow Battery Electrolytes journal, September 2013

Electrical Energy Storage for the Grid: A Battery of Choices journal, November 2011

Solar rechargeable redox flow battery based on Li2WO4/LiI couples in dual-phase electrolytes journal, January 2013

Distributed Performance of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells under Low-Humidity Conditions journal, January 2005

Review of bipolar plates in PEM fuel cells: Flow-field designs journal, March 2005

Predicting Shunt Currents in Stacks of Bipolar Plate Cells journal, January 1986

Advanced porous electrodes with flow channels for vanadium redox flow battery journal, February 2017

Quantifying Mass Transfer Rates in Redox Flow Batteries journal, January 2017

Description and performance of a novel aqueous all-copper redox flow battery journal, December 2014

SPEEK/Graphene oxide nanocomposite membranes with superior cyclability for highly efficient vanadium redox flow battery journal, January 2014

Spatially resolved characterization of PEFCs using simultaneously neutron radiography and locally resolved impedance spectroscopy journal, December 2005

A redox-flow battery with an alloxazine-based organic electrolyte journal, July 2016

Microfluidic fuel cells: A review journal, January 2009

Redox flow batteries a review journal, September 2011

Shape optimization of the corrugated composite bipolar plate (CCBP) for vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) journal, December 2016

Theoretical Analysis of Current Distribution in Porous Electrodes journal, January 1962

In Situ Localized Current Distribution Measurements in All-Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries journal, November 2015

Practical significance of brinkman's extension of darcy's law: Coupled parallel flows within a channel and a bounding porous medium journal, August 1974

Model based examination on influence of stack series connection and pipe diameters on efficiency of vanadium redox flow batteries under consideration of shunt currents journal, May 2015

Electrochemical performance of 5 kW all-vanadium redox flow battery stack with a flow frame of multi-distribution channels journal, September 2016

Sulphur-impregnated flow cathode to enable high-energy-density lithium flow batteries journal, January 2015

A multi-stack simulation of shunt currents in vanadium redox flow batteries journal, September 2014

A metal-free organic–inorganic aqueous flow battery journal, January 2014

Flow distribution and maximum current density studies in redox flow batteries with a single passage of the serpentine flow channel journal, December 2014

Optimal electrolyte flow distribution in hydrodynamic circuit of vanadium redox flow battery journal, January 2015

Dynamic modelling of hydrogen evolution effects in the all-vanadium redox flow battery journal, January 2010

Methodology to optimize fluid-dynamic design in a redox cell journal, April 2014

Optimization and Analysis of High-Power Hydrogen/Bromine-Flow Batteries for Grid-Scale Energy Storage journal, October 2013

Modeling the hydrodynamic and electrochemical efficiency of semi-solid flow batteries journal, May 2012

Long-Cycling Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Battery (AORFB) toward Sustainable and Safe Energy Storage journal, January 2017

Recent advances in molecular engineering of redox active organic molecules for nonaqueous flow batteries journal, August 2016

Characteristics of a new all-vanadium redox flow battery journal, January 1988

Species Uptake and Mass Transport in Membranes for Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries journal, May 2017

Numerical Simulation and Experiment on the Electrolyte Flow Distribution for All Vanadium Redox Flow Battery journal, May 2011

Flow simulation and analysis of high-power flow batteries journal, December 2015

Measurement of current distribution in a free-breathing PEMFC journal, April 2002

Improvement and analysis of the hydrogen-cerium redox flow cell journal, September 2016

In situ potential distribution measurement in an all-vanadium flow battery journal, January 2013

Fundamental Models for Fuel Cell Engineering journal, October 2004

Towards an all-copper redox flow battery based on a copper-containing ionic liquid journal, January 2016

Flow-through and flow-by porous electrodes of nickel foam Part III: theoretical electrode potential distribution in the flow-by configuration journal, September 1990

An Inexpensive Aqueous Flow Battery for Large-Scale Electrical Energy Storage Based on Water-Soluble Organic Redox Couples journal, January 2014

Dramatic performance gains in vanadium redox flow batteries through modified cell architecture journal, May 2012

Studies on pressure losses and flow rate optimization in vanadium redox flow battery journal, February 2014

Performance gains in single flow zinc–nickel batteries through novel cell configuration journal, August 2013

Estimation of current bypass in a bipolar electrode stack from current-potential curves journal, May 1991

Opportunities and challenges for a sustainable energy future journal, August 2012

Characteristics and performance of 1 kW UNSW vanadium redox battery journal, September 1991

Effect of flow field on the performance of an all-vanadium redox flow battery journal, March 2016

Study of flow behavior in all-vanadium redox flow battery using spatially resolved voltage distribution journal, August 2017

An optimal strategy of electrolyte flow rate for vanadium redox flow battery journal, April 2012

Shunt currents in vanadium flow batteries: Measurement, modelling and implications for efficiency journal, June 2015

A Technique for Calculating Shunt Leakage and Cell Currents in Bipolar Stacks Having Divided or Undivided Cells journal, January 1983

Poly(boron-dipyrromethene)—A Redox-Active Polymer Class for Polymer Redox-Flow Batteries journal, May 2016

Modeling Transport in Polymer-Electrolyte Fuel Cells journal, October 2004

In situ approach for current distribution measurement in fuel cells journal, March 2006

Simplified model to predict the effect of the leakage current on primary and secondary current distributions in electrochemical reactors with a bipolar electrode
journal, October 2005

High Performance Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries with Optimized Electrode Configuration and Membrane Selection
journal, January 2012

Effect of a surface active agent on performance of zinc/bromine redox flow batteries: Improvement in current efficiency and system stability
journal, February 2015

An aqueous, polymer-based redox-flow battery using non-corrosive, safe and low-cost materials
journal, October 2015

Viscous Permeability of Random Fiber Structures: Comparison of Electrical and Diffusional Estimates with Experimental and Analytical Results
journal, January 2005

Segmented polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells—A review
journal, January 2011

Ferrocene and Cobaltocene Derivatives for Non-Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries
journal, November 2014

Mathematical Modeling of Electrolyte Flow in a Segment of Flow Channel over Porous Electrode Layered System in Vanadium Flow Battery with Flow Field Design
journal, January 2017

Numerical investigations of flow field designs for vanadium redox flow batteries
journal, May 2013

Recent Progress in Redox Flow Battery Research and Development
journal, September 2012

Metal–Organic Frameworks as Highly Active Electrocatalysts for High-Energy Density, Aqueous Zinc-Polyiodide Redox Flow Batteries
journal, June 2016

Liquid Mass Transfer at Very Low Reynolds Numbers in Packed Beds
journal, February 1966

Physical Organic Approach to Persistent, Cyclable, Low-Potential Electrolytes for Flow Battery Applications
journal, February 2017

Mass transport enhancement in redox flow batteries with corrugated fluidic networks
journal, August 2017

Modification of graphite electrode materials for vanadium redox flow battery application—I. Thermal treatment
journal, June 1992

The Influence of Electrode and Channel Configurations on Flow Battery Performance
journal, January 2014

Single phase through-plane permeability of carbon paper gas diffusion layers
journal, April 2012

An Investigation into Factors Affecting the Iron Plating Reaction for an All-Iron Flow Battery
journal, November 2014

Performance of a low cost interdigitated flow design on a 1 kW class all vanadium mixed acid redox flow battery
journal, February 2016

Hydrodynamic analysis of flow fields for redox flow battery applications
journal, August 2014

Dramatic performance gains of a novel circular vanadium flow battery
journal, March 2015

Application of Redox Non-Innocent Ligands to Non-Aqueous Flow Battery Electrolytes
journal, September 2013

Electrical Energy Storage for the Grid: A Battery of Choices
journal, November 2011

Solar rechargeable redox flow battery based on Li2WO4/LiI couples in dual-phase electrolytes
journal, January 2013

Distributed Performance of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells under Low-Humidity Conditions
journal, January 2005

Review of bipolar plates in PEM fuel cells: Flow-field designs
journal, March 2005

Predicting Shunt Currents in Stacks of Bipolar Plate Cells
journal, January 1986

Advanced porous electrodes with flow channels for vanadium redox flow battery
journal, February 2017

Quantifying Mass Transfer Rates in Redox Flow Batteries
journal, January 2017

Description and performance of a novel aqueous all-copper redox flow battery
journal, December 2014

SPEEK/Graphene oxide nanocomposite membranes with superior cyclability for highly efficient vanadium redox flow battery
journal, January 2014

Spatially resolved characterization of PEFCs using simultaneously neutron radiography and locally resolved impedance spectroscopy
journal, December 2005

A redox-flow battery with an alloxazine-based organic electrolyte
journal, July 2016

Microfluidic fuel cells: A review
journal, January 2009

Redox flow batteries a review
journal, September 2011

Shape optimization of the corrugated composite bipolar plate (CCBP) for vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs)
journal, December 2016

Theoretical Analysis of Current Distribution in Porous Electrodes
journal, January 1962

In Situ Localized Current Distribution Measurements in All-Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries
journal, November 2015

Practical significance of brinkman's extension of darcy's law: Coupled parallel flows within a channel and a bounding porous medium
journal, August 1974

Model based examination on influence of stack series connection and pipe diameters on efficiency of vanadium redox flow batteries under consideration of shunt currents
journal, May 2015

Electrochemical performance of 5 kW all-vanadium redox flow battery stack with a flow frame of multi-distribution channels
journal, September 2016

Sulphur-impregnated flow cathode to enable high-energy-density lithium flow batteries
journal, January 2015

A multi-stack simulation of shunt currents in vanadium redox flow batteries
journal, September 2014

A metal-free organic–inorganic aqueous flow battery
journal, January 2014

Flow distribution and maximum current density studies in redox flow batteries with a single passage of the serpentine flow channel
journal, December 2014

Optimal electrolyte flow distribution in hydrodynamic circuit of vanadium redox flow battery
journal, January 2015

Dynamic modelling of hydrogen evolution effects in the all-vanadium redox flow battery
journal, January 2010

Methodology to optimize fluid-dynamic design in a redox cell
journal, April 2014

Optimization and Analysis of High-Power Hydrogen/Bromine-Flow Batteries for Grid-Scale Energy Storage
journal, October 2013

Modeling the hydrodynamic and electrochemical efficiency of semi-solid flow batteries
journal, May 2012

Long-Cycling Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Battery (AORFB) toward Sustainable and Safe Energy Storage
journal, January 2017

Recent advances in molecular engineering of redox active organic molecules for nonaqueous flow batteries
journal, August 2016

Characteristics of a new all-vanadium redox flow battery
journal, January 1988

Species Uptake and Mass Transport in Membranes for Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries
journal, May 2017

Numerical Simulation and Experiment on the Electrolyte Flow Distribution for All Vanadium Redox Flow Battery
journal, May 2011

Flow simulation and analysis of high-power flow batteries
journal, December 2015

Measurement of current distribution in a free-breathing PEMFC
journal, April 2002

Improvement and analysis of the hydrogen-cerium redox flow cell
journal, September 2016

In situ potential distribution measurement in an all-vanadium flow battery
journal, January 2013

Fundamental Models for Fuel Cell Engineering
journal, October 2004

Towards an all-copper redox flow battery based on a copper-containing ionic liquid
journal, January 2016

Flow-through and flow-by porous electrodes of nickel foam Part III: theoretical electrode potential distribution in the flow-by configuration
journal, September 1990

An Inexpensive Aqueous Flow Battery for Large-Scale Electrical Energy Storage Based on Water-Soluble Organic Redox Couples
journal, January 2014

Dramatic performance gains in vanadium redox flow batteries through modified cell architecture
journal, May 2012

Studies on pressure losses and flow rate optimization in vanadium redox flow battery
journal, February 2014

Performance gains in single flow zinc–nickel batteries through novel cell configuration
journal, August 2013

Estimation of current bypass in a bipolar electrode stack from current-potential curves
journal, May 1991

Opportunities and challenges for a sustainable energy future
journal, August 2012

Characteristics and performance of 1 kW UNSW vanadium redox battery
journal, September 1991

Effect of flow field on the performance of an all-vanadium redox flow battery
journal, March 2016

Study of flow behavior in all-vanadium redox flow battery using spatially resolved voltage distribution
journal, August 2017

An optimal strategy of electrolyte flow rate for vanadium redox flow battery
journal, April 2012

Shunt currents in vanadium flow batteries: Measurement, modelling and implications for efficiency
journal, June 2015

A Technique for Calculating Shunt Leakage and Cell Currents in Bipolar Stacks Having Divided or Undivided Cells
journal, January 1983

Poly(boron-dipyrromethene)—A Redox-Active Polymer Class for Polymer Redox-Flow Batteries
journal, May 2016

Modeling Transport in Polymer-Electrolyte Fuel Cells
journal, October 2004

In situ approach for current distribution measurement in fuel cells
journal, March 2006

3D-printed fluidic networks for high-power-density heat-managing miniaturized redox flow batteries
journal, January 2017

The Relationship between Shunt Currents and Edge Corrosion in Flow Batteries
journal, January 2017

Spatiotemporal electrochemical measurements across an electric double layer capacitor electrode with application to aqueous sodium hybrid batteries
journal, February 2014