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Title: Effect of packaging and cooling plates on mechanical response and failure characteristics of automotive Li-ion battery modules

Abstract

When a battery pack is subjected to external mechanical load, i.e. as in the case of crash, the individual cells experience significant deformations leading to the internal short circuit and possibly fire. The current investigation looks into effects of the inactive components (i.e. cooling plates and module protective enclosure) on deformation and failure of individual pouch cells. Experiments on large spherical indentation of electric vehicle battery module with and without such components have been performed. The results show that the presence of cooling plates overall reduces the force under out-of-plane indentation by approximately a factor of 1.5. It was established however that the failure in cells occurs at the same displacement of the indenter, regardless of the presence of the inactive elements in battery module structure. This underlines the necessity for formulation of the failure criterion based on critical strain, rather than critical stress measure. The findings suggest possibility of utilizing such battery modules in impact energy absorption scenarios, due to reduction in force by the cooling components. X-Ray computed tomography (XCT) has been performed on the cells as a non-destructive analysis of internal failure and the differences of failure mode induced by introduction of structural components are discussed.

Authors:
 [1]; ORCiD logo [1];  [1];  [1];  [1]; ORCiD logo [1];  [2]
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  1. Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
  2. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, DC (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE
OSTI Identifier:
1476421
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1642293
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC05-00OR22725
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Journal of Power Sources
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 403; Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0378-7753
Publisher:
Elsevier
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
25 ENERGY STORAGE

Citation Formats

Kalnaus, Sergiy, Wang, Hsin, Watkins, Thomas R., Kumar, Abhishek, Simunovic, Srdjan, Turner, John A., and Gorney, Phillip. Effect of packaging and cooling plates on mechanical response and failure characteristics of automotive Li-ion battery modules. United States: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.09.071.
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Kalnaus, Sergiy, Wang, Hsin, Watkins, Thomas R., Kumar, Abhishek, Simunovic, Srdjan, Turner, John A., & Gorney, Phillip. Effect of packaging and cooling plates on mechanical response and failure characteristics of automotive Li-ion battery modules. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.09.071
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Kalnaus, Sergiy, Wang, Hsin, Watkins, Thomas R., Kumar, Abhishek, Simunovic, Srdjan, Turner, John A., and Gorney, Phillip. Fri . "Effect of packaging and cooling plates on mechanical response and failure characteristics of automotive Li-ion battery modules". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.09.071. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1476421.
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@article{osti_1476421,
title = {Effect of packaging and cooling plates on mechanical response and failure characteristics of automotive Li-ion battery modules},
author = {Kalnaus, Sergiy and Wang, Hsin and Watkins, Thomas R. and Kumar, Abhishek and Simunovic, Srdjan and Turner, John A. and Gorney, Phillip},
abstractNote = {When a battery pack is subjected to external mechanical load, i.e. as in the case of crash, the individual cells experience significant deformations leading to the internal short circuit and possibly fire. The current investigation looks into effects of the inactive components (i.e. cooling plates and module protective enclosure) on deformation and failure of individual pouch cells. Experiments on large spherical indentation of electric vehicle battery module with and without such components have been performed. The results show that the presence of cooling plates overall reduces the force under out-of-plane indentation by approximately a factor of 1.5. It was established however that the failure in cells occurs at the same displacement of the indenter, regardless of the presence of the inactive elements in battery module structure. This underlines the necessity for formulation of the failure criterion based on critical strain, rather than critical stress measure. The findings suggest possibility of utilizing such battery modules in impact energy absorption scenarios, due to reduction in force by the cooling components. X-Ray computed tomography (XCT) has been performed on the cells as a non-destructive analysis of internal failure and the differences of failure mode induced by introduction of structural components are discussed.},
doi = {10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.09.071},
journal = {Journal of Power Sources},
number = C,
volume = 403,
place = {United States},
year = {2018},
month = {9}
}
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Journal Article:
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.09.071
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Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 2 works
Citation information provided by
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Figures / Tables:

Figure 1 Figure 1: Battery module and its components used in the current investigation. (a) Battery module; (b) Single pouch cell; (c) Cooling plate; (d) Plastic plate - module enclosure.
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Works referenced in this record:

A Coupled Penetration-Tension Method for Evaluating the Reliability of Battery Separators
journal, January 2014

  • Chen, J.; Sun, T.; Qi, Y.
  • ECS Electrochemistry Letters, Vol. 3, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1149/2.012405eel

Evaluation of mechanical abuse techniques in lithium ion batteries
journal, February 2014

Characterising thermal runaway within lithium-ion cells by inducing and monitoring internal short circuits
journal, January 2017

  • Finegan, Donal P.; Darcy, Eric; Keyser, Matthew
  • Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 10, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1039/C7EE00385D

Modelling of cracks developed in lithium-ion cells under mechanical loading
journal, January 2015

  • Sahraei, Elham; Kahn, Michael; Meier, Joseph
  • RSC Advances, Vol. 5, Issue 98
  • DOI: 10.1039/C5RA17865G

Failure behaviours of 100% SOC lithium-ion battery modules under different impact loading conditions
journal, December 2017

Failure of cemented granular materials under simple compression: experiments and numerical simulations
journal, April 2009

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    Works referencing / citing this record:

    Commercialization of Lithium Battery Technologies for Electric Vehicles
    journal, June 2019

    • Zeng, Xiaoqiao; Li, Matthew; Abd El‐Hady, Deia
    • Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 9, Issue 27
    • DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201900161
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      Figures / Tables found in this record:

      Figure 1 (p. 8)figure
      Figure 2 (p. 9)figure
      Figure 3 (p. 11)figure
      Figure 4 (p. 12)figure
      Table 1 (p. 15)table
      Figure 5 (p. 16)figure
      Figure 6 (p. 17)figure
      Figure 7 (p. 19)figure
      Figure 8 (p. 20)figure
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