Quantum-classical computation of Schwinger model dynamics using quantum computers
Abstract
We present a quantum-classical algorithm to study the dynamics of the two-spatial-site Schwinger model on IBM's quantum computers. Using rotational symmetries, total charge, and parity, the number of qubits needed to perform computation is reduced by a factor of ~5, removing exponentially large unphysical sectors from the Hilbert space. Our work opens an avenue for exploration of other lattice quantum field theories, such as quantum chromodynamics, where classical computation is used to find symmetry sectors in which the quantum computer evaluates the dynamics of quantum fluctuations.
- Authors:
-
- Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Univ. of the Basque Country, Bilbao (Spain)
- Univ. of the Basque Country, Bilbao (Spain); Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao (Spain)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1476420
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1474766
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC05-00OR22725; FG02-00ER41132; DEAC05-00OR22725
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Physical Review A
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 98; Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9926
- Publisher:
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING
Citation Formats
Klco, N., Dumitrescu, E. F., McCaskey, A. J., Morris, T. D., Pooser, R. C., Sanz, M., Solano, E., McCaskey, A. J., and Savage, M. J. Quantum-classical computation of Schwinger model dynamics using quantum computers. United States: N. p., 2018.
Web. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.98.032331.
Klco, N., Dumitrescu, E. F., McCaskey, A. J., Morris, T. D., Pooser, R. C., Sanz, M., Solano, E., McCaskey, A. J., & Savage, M. J. Quantum-classical computation of Schwinger model dynamics using quantum computers. United States. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.98.032331.
Klco, N., Dumitrescu, E. F., McCaskey, A. J., Morris, T. D., Pooser, R. C., Sanz, M., Solano, E., McCaskey, A. J., and Savage, M. J. Fri .
"Quantum-classical computation of Schwinger model dynamics using quantum computers". United States. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.98.032331. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1476420.
@article{osti_1476420,
title = {Quantum-classical computation of Schwinger model dynamics using quantum computers},
author = {Klco, N. and Dumitrescu, E. F. and McCaskey, A. J. and Morris, T. D. and Pooser, R. C. and Sanz, M. and Solano, E. and McCaskey, A. J. and Savage, M. J.},
abstractNote = {We present a quantum-classical algorithm to study the dynamics of the two-spatial-site Schwinger model on IBM's quantum computers. Using rotational symmetries, total charge, and parity, the number of qubits needed to perform computation is reduced by a factor of ~5, removing exponentially large unphysical sectors from the Hilbert space. Our work opens an avenue for exploration of other lattice quantum field theories, such as quantum chromodynamics, where classical computation is used to find symmetry sectors in which the quantum computer evaluates the dynamics of quantum fluctuations.},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.98.032331},
journal = {Physical Review A},
number = 3,
volume = 98,
place = {United States},
year = {2018},
month = {9}
}
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
Other availability
Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Cited by: 17 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science
Web of Science
Figures / Tables:
FIG. 1: Schematic of the qubit and electric flux link structure of the two-spatial-site lattice Schwinger model. Even sites (marked 0 and 2) represent the electron content with spin up denoting the presence of an electron. Odd sites (marked 1 and 3) represent the positron content with spin down denotingmore »
All figures and tables
(23 total)
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.
Works referenced in this record:
Continuum limit and improved action in lattice theories
journal, September 1983
- Symanzik, K.
- Nuclear Physics B, Vol. 226, Issue 1
Digital lattice gauge theories
journal, February 2017
- Zohar, Erez; Farace, Alessandro; Reznik, Benni
- Physical Review A, Vol. 95, Issue 2
Dynamical symmetry breaking in two flavor SU(N) and SO(N) lattice gauge theories
journal, November 1983
- Van den Doel, Cees; Smit, Jan
- Nuclear Physics B, Vol. 228, Issue 1
Chiral condensate in the Schwinger model with matrix product operators
journal, May 2016
- Bañuls, Mari Carmen; Cichy, Krzysztof; Jansen, Karl
- Physical Review D, Vol. 93, Issue 9
Quantum Algorithms for Quantum Field Theories
journal, May 2012
- Jordan, S. P.; Lee, K. S. M.; Preskill, J.
- Science, Vol. 336, Issue 6085
Strong-coupling calculations of lattice gauge theories: (1 + 1)-dimensional exercises
journal, February 1976
- Banks, T.; Susskind, Leonard; Kogut, John
- Physical Review D, Vol. 13, Issue 4
Real-Time Dynamics in U(1) Lattice Gauge Theories with Tensor Networks
journal, March 2016
- Pichler, T.; Dalmonte, M.; Rico, E.
- Physical Review X, Vol. 6, Issue 1
Universal quantum circuit for two-qubit transformations with three controlled-NOT gates
journal, January 2004
- Vidal, G.; Dawson, C. M.
- Physical Review A, Vol. 69, Issue 1
Atomic Quantum Simulation of Dynamical Gauge Fields Coupled to Fermionic Matter: From String Breaking to Evolution after a Quench
journal, October 2012
- Banerjee, D.; Dalmonte, M.; Müller, M.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 109, Issue 17
Atomic Quantum Simulation of and Non-Abelian Lattice Gauge Theories
journal, March 2013
- Banerjee, D.; Bögli, M.; Dalmonte, M.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 110, Issue 12
Cold-Atom Quantum Simulator for SU(2) Yang-Mills Lattice Gauge Theory
journal, March 2013
- Zohar, Erez; Cirac, J. Ignacio; Reznik, Benni
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 110, Issue 12
A variational eigenvalue solver on a photonic quantum processor
journal, July 2014
- Peruzzo, Alberto; McClean, Jarrod; Shadbolt, Peter
- Nature Communications, Vol. 5, Issue 1
Cartan decomposition of SU(2n) and control of spin systems
journal, June 2001
- Khaneja, Navin; Glaser, Steffen J.
- Chemical Physics, Vol. 267, Issue 1-3
Quantum simulations of lattice gauge theories using ultracold atoms in optical lattices
journal, December 2015
- Zohar, Erez; Cirac, J. Ignacio; Reznik, Benni
- Reports on Progress in Physics, Vol. 79, Issue 1
Vacuum Polarization and the Quark-Parton Puzzle
journal, September 1973
- Casher, A.; Kogut, J.; Susskind, Leonard
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 31, Issue 12
Ultraviolet Behavior of Non-Abelian Gauge Theories
journal, June 1973
- Gross, David J.; Wilczek, Frank
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 30, Issue 26
Reliable Perturbative Results for Strong Interactions?
journal, June 1973
- Politzer, H. David
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 30, Issue 26
Efficient Variational Quantum Simulator Incorporating Active Error Minimization
journal, June 2017
- Li, Ying; Benjamin, Simon C.
- Physical Review X, Vol. 7, Issue 2
Comment on “Universal quantum circuit for two-qubit transformations with three controlled-NOT gates” and “Recognizing small-circuit structure in two-qubit operators”
journal, June 2008
- Coffey, Mark W.; Deiotte, Ron; Semi, Torey
- Physical Review A, Vol. 77, Issue 6
Simulating lattice gauge theories on a quantum computer
journal, February 2006
- Byrnes, Tim; Yamamoto, Yoshihisa
- Physical Review A, Vol. 73, Issue 2
Hamiltonian formulation of Wilson's lattice gauge theories
journal, January 1975
- Kogut, John; Susskind, Leonard
- Physical Review D, Vol. 11, Issue 2
Gauge Invariance and Mass. II
journal, December 1962
- Schwinger, Julian
- Physical Review, Vol. 128, Issue 5
Cloud Quantum Computing of an Atomic Nucleus
journal, May 2018
- Dumitrescu, E. F.; McCaskey, A. J.; Hagen, G.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 120, Issue 21
Real-time simulation of the Schwinger effect with matrix product states
journal, December 2017
- Buyens, Boye; Haegeman, Jutho; Hebenstreit, Florian
- Physical Review D, Vol. 96, Issue 11
Advantages of the color octet gluon picture
journal, November 1973
- Fritzsch, H.; Gell-Mann, M.; Leutwyler, H.
- Physics Letters B, Vol. 47, Issue 4
Characterization of Addressability by Simultaneous Randomized Benchmarking
journal, December 2012
- Gambetta, Jay M.; Córcoles, A. D.; Merkel, S. T.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 109, Issue 24
Electron-Phonon Systems on a Universal Quantum Computer
journal, September 2018
- Macridin, Alexandru; Spentzouris, Panagiotis; Amundson, James
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 121, Issue 11
Fermion-Fermion Scattering in Quantum Field Theory with Superconducting Circuits
journal, February 2015
- García-Álvarez, L.; Casanova, J.; Mezzacapo, A.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 114, Issue 7
U(1) Wilson lattice gauge theories in digital quantum simulators
journal, October 2017
- Muschik, Christine; Heyl, Markus; Martinez, Esteban
- New Journal of Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 10
�ber das Paulische �quivalenzverbot
journal, September 1928
- Jordan, P.; Wigner, E.
- Zeitschrift f�r Physik, Vol. 47, Issue 9-10
Volume dependence of the energy spectrum in massive quantum field theories: II. Scattering states
journal, June 1986
- Lüscher, M.
- Communications in Mathematical Physics, Vol. 105, Issue 2
Baryon-baryon interactions and spin-flavor symmetry from lattice quantum chromodynamics
journal, December 2017
- Wagman, Michael L.; Winter, Frank; Chang, Emmanuel
- Physical Review D, Vol. 96, Issue 11
Self-energy and flavor interpretation of staggered fermions
journal, January 1984
- Golterman, Maarten F. L.; Smit, Jan
- Nuclear Physics B, Vol. 245
Quantum Sensors for the Generating Functional of Interacting Quantum Field Theories
journal, October 2017
- Bermudez, A.; Aarts, G.; Müller, M.
- Physical Review X, Vol. 7, Issue 4
Quantum algorithms for fermionic simulations
journal, July 2001
- Ortiz, G.; Gubernatis, J. E.; Knill, E.
- Physical Review A, Vol. 64, Issue 2
Witnessing eigenstates for quantum simulation of Hamiltonian spectra
journal, January 2018
- Santagati, Raffaele; Wang, Jianwei; Gentile, Antonio A.
- Science Advances, Vol. 4, Issue 1
Infrared singularities and massive fields
journal, May 1975
- Appelquist, Thomas; Carazzone, J.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 11, Issue 10
A parametrization of bipartite systems based on SU (4) Euler angles
journal, November 2002
- Tilma, Todd; Byrd, Mark; Sudarshan, E. C. G.
- Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General, Vol. 35, Issue 48
Divide and conquer approach to quantum Hamiltonian simulation
journal, April 2018
- Hadfield, Stuart; Papageorgiou, Anargyros
- New Journal of Physics, Vol. 20, Issue 4
Real-time dynamics of lattice gauge theories with a few-qubit quantum computer
journal, June 2016
- Martinez, Esteban A.; Muschik, Christine A.; Schindler, Philipp
- Nature, Vol. 534, Issue 7608
Quantum simulation of the Schwinger model: A study of feasibility
journal, October 2014
- Kühn, Stefan; Cirac, J. Ignacio; Bañuls, Mari-Carmen
- Physical Review A, Vol. 90, Issue 4
The theory of variational hybrid quantum-classical algorithms
journal, February 2016
- McClean, Jarrod R.; Romero, Jonathan; Babbush, Ryan
- New Journal of Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 2
Error Mitigation for Short-Depth Quantum Circuits
journal, November 2017
- Temme, Kristan; Bravyi, Sergey; Gambetta, Jay M.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 119, Issue 18
Simulating Compact Quantum Electrodynamics with Ultracold Atoms: Probing Confinement and Nonperturbative Effects
journal, September 2012
- Zohar, Erez; Cirac, J. Ignacio; Reznik, Benni
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 109, Issue 12
Regularization and renormalization of gauge fields
journal, July 1972
- 't Hooft, G.; Veltman, M.
- Nuclear Physics B, Vol. 44, Issue 1
BQP-completeness of scattering in scalar quantum field theory
journal, January 2018
- Jordan, Stephen P.; Krovi, Hari; Lee, Keith S. M.
- Quantum, Vol. 2
Nonlinear Realizations of Chiral Symmetry
journal, February 1968
- Weinberg, Steven
- Physical Review, Vol. 166, Issue 5
Hamiltonian simulation of the Schwinger model at finite temperature
journal, October 2016
- Buyens, Boye; Verstraete, Frank; Van Acoleyen, Karel
- Physical Review D, Vol. 94, Issue 8
Ultracold quantum gases and lattice systems: quantum simulation of lattice gauge theories
journal, July 2013
- Wiese, U. ‐J.
- Annalen der Physik, Vol. 525, Issue 10-11
Isoscalar scattering and the mesons from QCD
journal, March 2018
- Briceño, Raul A.; Dudek, Jozef J.; Edwards, Robert G.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 97, Issue 5
Two-particle states on a torus and their relation to the scattering matrix
journal, May 1991
- Lüscher, Martin
- Nuclear Physics B, Vol. 354, Issue 2-3
Quantum Simulation of a Lattice Schwinger Model in a Chain of Trapped Ions
journal, November 2013
- Hauke, P.; Marcos, D.; Dalmonte, M.
- Physical Review X, Vol. 3, Issue 4
Charge shielding and quark confinement in the massive schwinger model
journal, September 1975
- Coleman, Sidney; Jackiw, R.; Susskind, Leonard
- Annals of Physics, Vol. 93, Issue 1-2
Phenomenological Lagrangians
journal, April 1979
- Weinberg, Steven
- Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Vol. 96, Issue 1-2
Towards quantum chemistry on a quantum computer
journal, January 2010
- Lanyon, B. P.; Whitfield, J. D.; Gillett, G. G.
- Nature Chemistry, Vol. 2, Issue 2
Hardware-efficient variational quantum eigensolver for small molecules and quantum magnets
journal, September 2017
- Kandala, Abhinav; Mezzacapo, Antonio; Temme, Kristan
- Nature, Vol. 549, Issue 7671
Two-dimensional lattice gauge theories with superconducting quantum circuits
journal, December 2014
- Marcos, D.; Widmer, P.; Rico, E.
- Annals of Physics, Vol. 351
Simulating physical phenomena by quantum networks
journal, April 2002
- Somma, R.; Ortiz, G.; Gubernatis, J. E.
- Physical Review A, Vol. 65, Issue 4
The renormalization group and the ε expansion
journal, August 1974
- Wilson, K.
- Physics Reports, Vol. 12, Issue 2
Scalable Quantum Simulation of Molecular Energies
journal, July 2016
- O’Malley, P. J. J.; Babbush, R.; Kivlichan, I. D.
- Physical Review X, Vol. 6, Issue 3
Volume dependence of the energy spectrum in massive quantum field theories: I. Stable particle states
journal, June 1986
- Lüscher, M.
- Communications in Mathematical Physics, Vol. 104, Issue 2
Continuum limit and improved action in lattice theories
journal, September 1983
- Symanzik, K.
- Nuclear Physics B, Vol. 226, Issue 1
Works referencing / citing this record:
Quantum Computers as Universal Quantum Simulators: State‐of‐the‐Art and Perspectives
journal, December 2019
- Tacchino, Francesco; Chiesa, Alessandro; Carretta, Stefano
- Advanced Quantum Technologies, Vol. 3, Issue 3
A quantum walk with both a continuous-time limit and a continuous-spacetime limit
journal, December 2019
- Di Molfetta, Giuseppe; Arrighi, Pablo
- Quantum Information Processing, Vol. 19, Issue 2
Quantum chemistry as a benchmark for near-term quantum computers
journal, November 2019
- McCaskey, Alexander J.; Parks, Zachary P.; Jakowski, Jacek
- npj Quantum Information, Vol. 5, Issue 1
Simulating quantum many-body dynamics on a current digital quantum computer
journal, November 2019
- Smith, Adam; Kim, M. S.; Pollmann, Frank
- npj Quantum Information, Vol. 5, Issue 1
Floquet approach to ℤ2 lattice gauge theories with ultracold atoms in optical lattices
journal, September 2019
- Schweizer, Christian; Grusdt, Fabian; Berngruber, Moritz
- Nature Physics, Vol. 15, Issue 11
Self-verifying variational quantum simulation of lattice models
journal, May 2019
- Kokail, C.; Maier, C.; van Bijnen, R.
- Nature, Vol. 569, Issue 7756
Review on novel methods for lattice gauge theories
journal, January 2020
- Carmen Bañuls, Mari; Cichy, Krzysztof
- Reports on Progress in Physics, Vol. 83, Issue 2
XACC: a system-level software infrastructure for heterogeneous quantum–classical computing
journal, February 2020
- McCaskey, Alexander J.; Lyakh, Dmitry I.; Dumitrescu, Eugene F.
- Quantum Science and Technology, Vol. 5, Issue 2
Simulations of subatomic many-body physics on a quantum frequency processor
journal, July 2019
- Lu, Hsuan-Hao; Klco, Natalie; Lukens, Joseph M.
- Physical Review A, Vol. 100, Issue 1
Digital-analog quantum computation
journal, February 2020
- Parra-Rodriguez, Adrian; Lougovski, Pavel; Lamata, Lucas
- Physical Review A, Vol. 101, Issue 2
Scalar quantum field theories as a benchmark for near-term quantum computers
journal, March 2019
- Yeter-Aydeniz, Kübra; Dumitrescu, Eugene F.; McCaskey, Alex J.
- Physical Review A, Vol. 99, Issue 3
Oracles for Gauss's law on digital quantum computers
journal, April 2019
- Stryker, Jesse R.
- Physical Review A, Vol. 99, Issue 4
Digitization of scalar fields for quantum computing
journal, May 2019
- Klco, Natalie; Savage, Martin J.
- Physical Review A, Vol. 99, Issue 5
Digitizing gauge fields: Lattice Monte Carlo results for future quantum computers
journal, June 2019
- Hackett, Daniel C.; Howe, Kiel; Hughes, Ciaran
- Physical Review A, Vol. 99, Issue 6
gauge theories coupled to topological fermions: with a quantum mechanical angle
journal, September 2019
- Magnifico, G.; Vodola, D.; Ercolessi, E.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 11
General methods for digital quantum simulation of gauge theories
journal, August 2019
- Lamm, Henry; Lawrence, Scott; Yamauchi, Yukari
- Physical Review D, Vol. 100, Issue 3
Qubit regularization of the sigma model
journal, September 2019
- Singh, Hersh; Chandrasekharan, Shailesh
- Physical Review D, Vol. 100, Issue 5
Tensor network simulation of an SU(3) lattice gauge theory in 1D
journal, October 2019
- Silvi, Pietro; Sauer, Yannick; Tschirsich, Ferdinand
- Physical Review D, Vol. 100, Issue 7
Phase structure of the ( )-dimensional massive Thirring model from matrix product states
journal, November 2019
- Bañuls, Mari Carmen; Cichy, Krzysztof; Kao, Ying-Jer
- Physical Review D, Vol. 100, Issue 9
Gluon field digitization for quantum computers
journal, December 2019
- Alexandru, Andrei; Bedaque, Paulo F.; Harmalkar, Siddhartha
- Physical Review D, Vol. 100, Issue 11
Long-range electroweak amplitudes of single hadrons from Euclidean finite-volume correlation functions
journal, January 2020
- Briceño, Raúl A.; Davoudi, Zohreh; Hansen, Maxwell T.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 101, Issue 1
Universal features of the Abelian Polyakov loop in dimensions
journal, November 2018
- Unmuth-Yockey, J.; Zhang, Jin; Bazavov, A.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 98, Issue 9
Quantum simulation of scattering in the quantum Ising model
journal, May 2019
- Gustafson, Erik; Meurice, Y.; Unmuth-Yockey, Judah
- Physical Review D, Vol. 99, Issue 9
Simulation of Nonequilibrium Dynamics on a Quantum Computer
journal, October 2018
- Lamm, Henry; Lawrence, Scott
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 121, Issue 17
Quantum Simulation of the Universal Features of the Polyakov Loop
journal, November 2018
- Zhang, Jin; Unmuth-Yockey, J.; Zeiher, J.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 121, Issue 22
Dynamical Topological Transitions in the Massive Schwinger Model with a Term
journal, February 2019
- Zache, T. V.; Mueller, N.; Schneider, J. T.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 122, Issue 5
Models on Quantum Computers
journal, August 2019
- Alexandru, Andrei; Bedaque, Paulo F.; Lamm, Henry
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 123, Issue 9
Variational Spin-Squeezing Algorithms on Programmable Quantum Sensors
journal, December 2019
- Kaubruegger, Raphael; Silvi, Pietro; Kokail, Christian
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 123, Issue 26
Digital-analog quantum algorithm for the quantum Fourier transform
journal, January 2020
- Martin, Ana; Lamata, Lucas; Solano, Enrique
- Physical Review Research, Vol. 2, Issue 1
A scalable realization of local U(1) gauge invariance in cold atomic mixtures
journal, March 2020
- Mil, Alexander; Zache, Torsten V.; Hegde, Apoorva
- Science, Vol. 367, Issue 6482
Figures / Tables found in this record:
Figures/Tables have been extracted from DOE-funded journal article accepted manuscripts.