Engineering stable interfaces for three-dimensional lithium metal anodes

Xie, Jin; Wang, Jiangyan; Lee, Hye Ryoung; Yan, Kai; Li, Yuzhang; Shi, Feifei; Huang, William; Pei, Allen; Chen, Gilbert; Subbaraman, Ram; Christensen, Jake; Cui, Yi

doi:10.1126/sciadv.aat5168

Title: Engineering stable interfaces for three-dimensional lithium metal anodes

Journal Article · 26 July 2018 · Science Advances

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aat5168 · OSTI ID:1475492

^[1]; Wang, Jiangyan ^[1]; Lee, Hye Ryoung ^[1]; Yan, Kai ^[1];

^[1]; Shi, Feifei ^[1];

^[1];

^[2];

^[3]

Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA (United States)
Bosch Research and Technology Center North America, Palo Alto, CA (United States)
Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Lithium metal has long been considered one of the most promising anode materials for advanced lithium batteries (for example, Li-S and Li-O₂), which could offer significantly improved energy density compared to state-of-the-art lithium ion batteries. Despite decades of intense research efforts, its commercialization remains limited by poor cyclability and safety concerns of lithium metal anodes. One root cause is the parasitic reaction between metallic lithium and the organic liquid electrolyte, resulting in continuous formation of an unstable solid electrolyte interphase, which consumes both active lithium and electrolyte. Until now, it has been challenging to completely shut down the parasitic reaction. We find that a thin-layer coating applied through atomic layer deposition on a hollow carbon host guides lithium deposition inside the hollow carbon sphere and simultaneously prevents electrolyte infiltration by sealing pinholes on the shell of the hollow carbon sphere. By encapsulating lithium inside the stable host, parasitic reactions are prevented, resulting in impressive cycling behavior. In conclusion, we report more than 500 cycles at a high coulombic efficiency of 99% in an ether-based electrolyte at a cycling rate of 0.5 mA/cm² and a cycling capacity of 1 mAh/cm², which is among the most stable Li anodes reported so far.

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Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515

OSTI ID:: 1475492

Journal Information:: Science Advances, Journal Name: Science Advances Journal Issue: 7 Vol. 4; ISSN 2375-2548

Publisher:: AAASCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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