An intermediate temperature garnet-type solid electrolyte-based molten lithium battery for grid energy storage
- Tsinghua Univ., Beijing (China); Zhengzhou Univ., Zhengzhou (China)
- Tsinghua Univ., Beijing (China)
- Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA (United States)
- Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Batteries are an attractive grid energy storage technology, but a reliable battery system with the functionalities required for a grid such as high power capability, high safety and low cost remains elusive. Here, we report a solid electrolyte-based molten lithium battery constructed with a molten lithium anode, a molten Sn–Pb or Bi–Pb alloy cathode and a garnet-type Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) solid electrolyte tube. We show that the assembled Li||LLZTO||Sn–Pb and Li||LLZTO||Bi–Pb cells can stably cycle at an intermediate temperature of 240 °C for about one month at current densities of 50 mA cm–2 and 100 mA cm–2 respectively, with almost no capacity decay and an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.98%. Furthermore, the cells demonstrate high power capability with current densities up to 300 mA cm–2 (90 mW cm–2) for Li||LLZTO||Sn–Pb and 500 mA cm–2 (175 mW cm–2) for Li||LLZTO||Bi–Pb. Lastly, our design offers prospects for grid energy storage with intermediate temperature operations, high safety margin and low capital and maintenance costs.
- Research Organization:
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-76SF00515
- OSTI ID:
- 1475485
- Journal Information:
- Nature Energy, Journal Name: Nature Energy Journal Issue: 9 Vol. 3; ISSN 2058-7546
- Publisher:
- Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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