An intermediate temperature garnet-type solid electrolyte-based molten lithium battery for grid energy storage

doi:10.1038/s41560-018-0198-9

This content will become publicly available on July 2, 2019

Title: An intermediate temperature garnet-type solid electrolyte-based molten lithium battery for grid energy storage

Batteries are an attractive grid energy storage technology, but a reliable battery system with the functionalities required for a grid such as high power capability, high safety and low cost remains elusive. Here, we report a solid electrolyte-based molten lithium battery constructed with a molten lithium anode, a molten Sn–Pb or Bi–Pb alloy cathode and a garnet-type Li _6.4La ₃Zr _1.4Ta _0.6O ₁₂ (LLZTO) solid electrolyte tube. We show that the assembled Li||LLZTO||Sn–Pb and Li||LLZTO||Bi–Pb cells can stably cycle at an intermediate temperature of 240 °C for about one month at current densities of 50 mA cm ^–2 and 100 mA cm ^–2 respectively, with almost no capacity decay and an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.98%. Furthermore, the cells demonstrate high power capability with current densities up to 300 mA cm ^–2 (90 mW cm ^–2) for Li||LLZTO||Sn–Pb and 500 mA cm ^–2 (175 mW cm ^–2) for Li||LLZTO||Bi–Pb. Lastly, our design offers prospects for grid energy storage with intermediate temperature operations, high safety margin and low capital and maintenance costs.

Authors:

Jin, Yang ^[1] ; Liu, Kai ^[2] ; ; Zhuo, Denys ^[3] ; Huang, Zeya ^[2] ; Wang, Chang-an ^[2] ; Wu, Hui ^[2] ; Cui, Yi ^[4]

Tsinghua Univ., Beijing (China); Zhengzhou Univ., Zhengzhou (China)
Tsinghua Univ., Beijing (China)
Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA (United States)
Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Publication Date:: 2018-07-02

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515

Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Nature Energy

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 3; Journal Issue: 9; Journal ID: ISSN 2058-7546

Publisher:: Nature Publishing Group

Research Org:: SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org:: USDOE

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 25 ENERGY STORAGE

OSTI Identifier:: 1475485


                    Jin, Yang, Liu, Kai, Lang, Jialiang, Zhuo, Denys, Huang, Zeya, Wang, Chang-an, Wu, Hui, and Cui, Yi. An intermediate temperature garnet-type solid electrolyte-based molten lithium battery for grid energy storage.  United States: N. p.,  
        Web.  doi:10.1038/s41560-018-0198-9.

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                    Jin, Yang, Liu, Kai, Lang, Jialiang, Zhuo, Denys, Huang, Zeya, Wang, Chang-an, Wu, Hui, & Cui, Yi. An intermediate temperature garnet-type solid electrolyte-based molten lithium battery for grid energy storage.  United States.  doi:10.1038/s41560-018-0198-9.

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                    Jin, Yang, Liu, Kai, Lang, Jialiang, Zhuo, Denys, Huang, Zeya, Wang, Chang-an, Wu, Hui, and Cui, Yi. 2018.  
        "An intermediate temperature garnet-type solid electrolyte-based molten lithium battery for grid energy storage".  United States.  
        doi:10.1038/s41560-018-0198-9.

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@article{osti_1475485,

  title        = {An intermediate temperature garnet-type solid electrolyte-based molten lithium battery for grid energy storage},

  author       = {Jin, Yang and Liu, Kai and Lang, Jialiang and Zhuo, Denys and Huang, Zeya and Wang, Chang-an and Wu, Hui and Cui, Yi},

  abstractNote = {Batteries are an attractive grid energy storage technology, but a reliable battery system with the functionalities required for a grid such as high power capability, high safety and low cost remains elusive. Here, we report a solid electrolyte-based molten lithium battery constructed with a molten lithium anode, a molten Sn–Pb or Bi–Pb alloy cathode and a garnet-type Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) solid electrolyte tube. We show that the assembled Li||LLZTO||Sn–Pb and Li||LLZTO||Bi–Pb cells can stably cycle at an intermediate temperature of 240 °C for about one month at current densities of 50 mA cm–2 and 100 mA cm–2 respectively, with almost no capacity decay and an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.98%. Furthermore, the cells demonstrate high power capability with current densities up to 300 mA cm–2 (90 mW cm–2) for Li||LLZTO||Sn–Pb and 500 mA cm–2 (175 mW cm–2) for Li||LLZTO||Bi–Pb. Lastly, our design offers prospects for grid energy storage with intermediate temperature operations, high safety margin and low capital and maintenance costs.},

  doi          = {10.1038/s41560-018-0198-9},

  journal      = {Nature Energy},

  number       = 9,

  volume       = 3,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2018},

  month        = {7}

}

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Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
This content will become publicly available on July 2, 2019
Publisher's Version of Record
10.1038/s41560-018-0198-9
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-018-0198-9

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Title: An intermediate temperature garnet-type solid electrolyte-based molten lithium battery for grid energy storage

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