Limits on Stellar-Mass Compact Objects as Dark Matter from Gravitational Lensing of Type Ia Supernovae
Abstract
The nature of dark matter (DM) remains unknown despite very precise knowledge of its abundance in the Universe. An alternative to new elementary particles postulates DM as made of macroscopic compact halo objects (MACHO) such as black holes formed in the very early Universe. Stellar-mass primordial black holes (PBHs) are subject to less robust constraints than other mass ranges and might be connected to gravitational-wave signals detected by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO). New methods are therefore necessary to constrain the viability of compact objects as a DM candidate. Here we report bounds on the abundance of compact objects from gravitational lensing of type Ia supernovae (SNe). Current SNe data sets constrain compact objects to represent less than 35.2% (Joint Lightcurve Analysis) and 37.2% (Union 2.1) of the total matter content in the Universe, at 95% confidence level. The results are valid for masses larger than ~0.01 M$$_{⊙}$$ (solar masses), limited by the size SNe relative to the lens Einstein radius. We demonstrate the mass range of the constraints by computing magnification probabilities for realistic SNe sizes and different values of the PBH mass. Our bounds are sensitive to the total abundance of compact objects with M≳0.01 M$$_{⊙}$$ and complementary to other observational tests. These results are robust against cosmological parameters, outlier rejection, correlated noise, and selection bias. PBHs and other MACHOs are therefore ruled out as the dominant form of DM for objects associated to LIGO gravitational wave detections. These bounds constrain early-Universe models that predict stellar-mass PBH production and strengthen the case for lighter forms of DM, including new elementary particles.
- Authors:
-
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Université Paris Saclay CEA, CNRS (France); Nordita, KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm Univ., Stockholm (Sweden)
- awrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1544198
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1475082; OSTI ID: 1580333
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-05CH11231
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Physical Review Letters
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 121; Journal Issue: 14; Journal ID: ISSN 0031-9007
- Publisher:
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; 72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS
Citation Formats
Zumalacárregui, Miguel, and Seljak, Uroš. Limits on Stellar-Mass Compact Objects as Dark Matter from Gravitational Lensing of Type Ia Supernovae. United States: N. p., 2018.
Web. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.141101.
Zumalacárregui, Miguel, & Seljak, Uroš. Limits on Stellar-Mass Compact Objects as Dark Matter from Gravitational Lensing of Type Ia Supernovae. United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.141101
Zumalacárregui, Miguel, and Seljak, Uroš. Mon .
"Limits on Stellar-Mass Compact Objects as Dark Matter from Gravitational Lensing of Type Ia Supernovae". United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.141101. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1544198.
@article{osti_1544198,
title = {Limits on Stellar-Mass Compact Objects as Dark Matter from Gravitational Lensing of Type Ia Supernovae},
author = {Zumalacárregui, Miguel and Seljak, Uroš},
abstractNote = {The nature of dark matter (DM) remains unknown despite very precise knowledge of its abundance in the Universe. An alternative to new elementary particles postulates DM as made of macroscopic compact halo objects (MACHO) such as black holes formed in the very early Universe. Stellar-mass primordial black holes (PBHs) are subject to less robust constraints than other mass ranges and might be connected to gravitational-wave signals detected by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO). New methods are therefore necessary to constrain the viability of compact objects as a DM candidate. Here we report bounds on the abundance of compact objects from gravitational lensing of type Ia supernovae (SNe). Current SNe data sets constrain compact objects to represent less than 35.2% (Joint Lightcurve Analysis) and 37.2% (Union 2.1) of the total matter content in the Universe, at 95% confidence level. The results are valid for masses larger than ~0.01 M$_{⊙}$ (solar masses), limited by the size SNe relative to the lens Einstein radius. We demonstrate the mass range of the constraints by computing magnification probabilities for realistic SNe sizes and different values of the PBH mass. Our bounds are sensitive to the total abundance of compact objects with M≳0.01 M$_{⊙}$ and complementary to other observational tests. These results are robust against cosmological parameters, outlier rejection, correlated noise, and selection bias. PBHs and other MACHOs are therefore ruled out as the dominant form of DM for objects associated to LIGO gravitational wave detections. These bounds constrain early-Universe models that predict stellar-mass PBH production and strengthen the case for lighter forms of DM, including new elementary particles.},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.141101},
journal = {Physical Review Letters},
number = 14,
volume = 121,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Oct 01 00:00:00 EDT 2018},
month = {Mon Oct 01 00:00:00 EDT 2018}
}
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Revisiting constraints on asteroid-mass primordial black holes as dark matter candidates
journal, August 2019
- Montero-Camacho, Paulo; Fang, Xiao; Vasquez, Gabriel
- Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2019, Issue 08
Pulsar timing array constraints on the induced gravitational waves
journal, October 2019
- Cai, Rong-Gen; Pi, Shi; Wang, Shao-Jiang
- Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2019, Issue 10
Primordial black hole merger rates: distributions for multiple LIGO observables
journal, January 2020
- Gow, Andrew D.; Byrnes, Christian T.; Hall, Alex
- Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2020, Issue 01
A new line on the wide binary test of gravity
journal, June 2019
- Banik, Indranil
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 487, Issue 4
Polarization of a stochastic gravitational wave background through diffusion by massive structures
journal, January 2019
- Cusin, Giulia; Durrer, Ruth; Ferreira, Pedro G.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 99, Issue 2
Imprints of primordial non-Gaussianity on gravitational wave spectrum
journal, February 2019
- Ünal, Caner
- Physical Review D, Vol. 99, Issue 4
Towards closing the window of primordial black holes as dark matter: The case of large clustering
journal, March 2019
- Bringmann, Torsten; Depta, Paul Frederik; Domcke, Valerie
- Physical Review D, Vol. 99, Issue 6
Gamma-ray burst lensing parallax: Closing the primordial black hole dark matter mass window
journal, February 2020
- Jung, Sunghoon; Kim, TaeHun
- Physical Review Research, Vol. 2, Issue 1
Formation and evolution of primordial black hole binaries in the early universe
journal, February 2019
- Raidal, Martti; Spethmann, Christian; Vaskonen, Ville
- Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2019, Issue 02
Primordial dark matter halos from fifth forces
journal, October 2019
- Savastano, Stefano; Amendola, Luca; Rubio, Javier
- Physical Review D, Vol. 100, Issue 8
Primordial Black Hole Dark Matter and LIGO/Virgo Merger Rate from Inflation with Running Spectral Indices: Formation in the Matter- and/or Radiation-Dominated Universe
text, January 2018
- Kohri, Kazunori; Terada, Takahiro
- arXiv
The abundance of primordial black holes depends on the shape of the inflationary power spectrum
text, January 2018
- Germani, Cristiano; Musco, Ilia
- arXiv
Search for sub-solar mass ultracompact binaries in Advanced LIGO's first observing run
text, January 2018
- Abbott, B. P.; Abbott, R.; Abbott, T. D.
- arXiv
Gravitational Waves Induced by non-Gaussian Scalar Perturbations
text, January 2018
- Cai, Rong-gen; Pi, Shi; Sasaki, Misao
- arXiv
Imprints of Primordial Non-Gaussianity on Gravitational Wave Spectrum
text, January 2018
- Unal, Caner
- arXiv
Formation and Evolution of Primordial Black Hole Binaries in the Early Universe
text, January 2018
- Raidal, Martti; Spethmann, Christian; Vaskonen, Ville
- arXiv
Primordial Black Holes and Local Non-Gaussianity in Canonical Inflation
text, January 2018
- Passaglia, Samuel; Hu, Wayne; Motohashi, Hayato
- arXiv
Primordial dark matter halos from fifth forces
text, January 2019
- Savastano, Stefano; Amendola, Luca; Rubio, Javier
- arXiv
Pulsar Timing Array Constraints on the Induced Gravitational Waves
text, January 2019
- Cai, Rong-Gen; Pi, Shi; Wang, Shao-Jiang
- arXiv
Small-scale structure of primordial black hole dark matter and its implications for accretion
text, January 2019
- Hütsi, Gert; Raidal, Martti; Veermäe, Hardi
- arXiv
Primordial Black Holes from Cosmic Domain Walls
text, January 2019
- Liu, Jing; Guo, Zong-Kuan; Cai, Rong-Gen
- arXiv
Lower bound on the primordial black hole merger rate
text, January 2019
- Vaskonen, Ville; Veermäe, Hardi
- arXiv
Strong gravitational lensing of explosive transients
journal, November 2019
- Oguri, Masamune
- Reports on Progress in Physics, Vol. 82, Issue 12
Formation and evolution of primordial black hole binaries in the early universe
journal, February 2019
- Raidal, Martti; Spethmann, Christian; Vaskonen, Ville
- Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2019, Issue 02
Pulsar timing array constraints on the induced gravitational waves
journal, October 2019
- Cai, Rong-Gen; Pi, Shi; Wang, Shao-Jiang
- Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2019, Issue 10
Primordial black holes dark matter from inflection point models of inflation and the effects of reheating
journal, January 2020
- Bhaumik, Nilanjandev; Jain, Rajeev Kumar
- Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2020, Issue 01
A Brief Review on Primordial Black Holes as Dark Matter
journal, May 2021
- Villanueva-Domingo, Pablo; Mena, Olga; Palomares-Ruiz, Sergio
- Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences, Vol. 8
Lensing of fast radio bursts: future constraints on primordial black hole density with an extended mass function and a new probe of exotic compact fermion and boson stars
text, January 2018
- Laha, Ranjan
- arXiv
Primordial Black Holes from Thermal Inflation
text, January 2019
- Dimopoulos, Konstantinos; Markkanen, Tommi; Racioppi, Antonio
- arXiv
Constraints on the primordial curvature power spectrum from primordial black holes
text, January 2019
- Sato-Polito, Gabriela; Kovetz, Ely D.; Kamionkowski, Marc
- arXiv
Unraveling the origin of black holes from effective spin measurements with LIGO-Virgo
text, January 2019
- Fernandez, Nicolas; Profumo, Stefano
- arXiv
Primordial black holes as a dark matter candidate are severely constrained by the Galactic Center 511 keV gamma-ray line
text, January 2019
- Laha, Ranjan
- arXiv
Connecting the Higgs Potential and Primordial Black Holes
text, January 2019
- Dai, De-Chang; Gregory, Ruth; Stojkovic, Dejan
- arXiv
Horizonless ultracompact objects and dark matter in quadratic gravity
text, January 2019
- Salvio, Alberto; Veermäe, Hardi
- arXiv
INTEGRAL constraints on primordial black holes and particle dark matter
text, January 2020
- Laha, Ranjan; Muñoz, Julian B.; Slatyer, Tracy R.
- arXiv
Direct detection signatures of a primordial Solar dark matter halo
preprint, January 2020
- Anderson, Noah B.; Partenheimer, Angelina; Wiser, Timothy D.
- arXiv
Low Mass Black Holes from Dark Core Collapse
text, January 2020
- Dasgupta, Basudeb; Laha, Ranjan; Ray, Anupam
- arXiv
Two populations of LIGO-Virgo black holes
text, January 2020
- Hütsi, Gert; Raidal, Martti; Vaskonen, Ville
- arXiv
Small-scale shear: Peeling off diffuse subhalos with gravitational waves
text, January 2021
- Choi, Han Gil; Park, Chanung; Jung, Sunghoon
- arXiv
Snowmass2021 Cosmic Frontier White Paper:Primordial Black Hole Dark Matter
text, January 2022
- Bird, Simeon; Albert, Andrea; Dawson, Will
- arXiv
Astrometric Microlensing of Primordial Black Holes with Gaia
text, January 2022
- Verma, Himanshu; Rentala, Vikram
- arXiv