The broad-band properties of the intermediate synchrotron peaked BL Lac S2 0109+22 from radio to VHE gamma-rays
Abstract
Here, the Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC) telescopes observed S2 0109+22 in 2015 July during its flaring activity in high-energy gamma-rays observed by Fermi-Large Area Telescope. We analyse the MAGIC data to characterize the very high energy (VHE) gamma-ray emission of S2 0109+22, which belongs to the subclass of intermediate synchrotron peak (ISP) BL Lacertae (BL Lac) objects. We study the multifrequency emission in order to investigate the source classification. Finally, we compare the source long-term behaviour to other VHE gamma-ray emitting (TeV) blazars. We performed a temporal and spectral analysis of the data centred around the MAGIC interval of observation (MJD 57225–57231). Long-term radio and optical data have also been investigated using the discrete correlation function. The redshift of the source is estimated through optical host-galaxy imaging and also using the amount of VHE gamma-ray absorption. The quasi-simultaneous multifrequency spectral energy distribution (SED) is modelled with the conventional one-zone synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) model. MAGIC observations resulted in the detection of the source at a significance level of 5.3σ. The VHE gamma-ray emission of S2 0109+22 is variable on a daily time scale. VHE gamma-ray luminosity of the source is lower than the average of TeV BL Lacs. Themore »
- Authors:
-
more »
- Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy; Japanese MAGIC Consortium: ICRR, The University of Tokyo, 277-8582 Chiba, Japan, Department of Physics, Kyoto University, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan, Tokai University, 259-1292 Kanagawa, Japan, RIKEN, 351-0198 Saitama, Japan
- National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF), I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
- Croatian MAGIC Consortium: University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, University of Split – FESB, 21000 Split, University of Zagreb – FER, 10000 Zagreb, University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, and Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Salt Lake, Sector-1, Kolkata 700064, India
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany; now at Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), 22290-180 URCA, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
- Unidad de Partículas y Cosmología (UPARCOS), Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, and Universidad de La Laguna, Dpto. Astrofísica, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Department of Astrophysics, University of Łódź, PL-90236 Łódź, Poland
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany; Institut für Physik, Humboldt University of Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
- Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy; also at Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- Università di Siena and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy
- Università di Pisa, and INFN Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain; also at Port d’Informació Científica (PIC), E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Finnish MAGIC Consortium: Tuorla Observatory (Department of Physics and Astronomy) and Finnish Centre of Astronomy with ESO (FINCA), University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland, Astronomy Division, University of Oulu, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland
- Departament de Física, and CERES-IEEC, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Japanese MAGIC Consortium: ICRR, The University of Tokyo, 277-8582 Chiba, Japan, Department of Physics, Kyoto University, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan, Tokai University, 259-1292 Kanagawa, Japan, RIKEN, 351-0198 Saitama, Japan
- Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, BG-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Japanese MAGIC Consortium: ICRR, The University of Tokyo, 277-8582 Chiba, Japan, Department of Physics, Kyoto University, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan, Tokai University, 259-1292 Kanagawa, Japan, RIKEN, 351-0198 Saitama, Japan; Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany
- Universitat de Barcelona, ICC, IEEC-UB, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy; INAF-Trieste and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- (Fermi-LAT Collaboration), S. [Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), Space Science Data Center, I-00133 Roma, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- (Fermi-LAT Collaboration), R. [Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy
- Tuorla Observatory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
- Astrophysical Sciences Division, BARC, Mumbai-400085, India
- Metsähovi Radio Observatory, Aalto University, Metsähovintie 114, FI-02540 Kylmälä, Finland; Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, PO Box 15500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland; Tartu Observatory, Observatooriumi 1, 61602 Tõravere, Estonia
- Metsähovi Radio Observatory, Aalto University, Metsähovintie 114, FI-02540 Kylmälä, Finland
- Metsähovi Radio Observatory, Aalto University, Metsähovintie 114, FI-02540 Kylmälä, Finland; Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, PO Box 15500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
- Owens Valley Radio Observatory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Departmento de Astronomía, Universidad de Chile, Camino El Observatorio 1515, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE
- Contributing Org.:
- MAGIC Collaboration
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1475024
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-76SF00515
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 480; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 0035-8711
- Publisher:
- Royal Astronomical Society
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; galaxies: active; BL Lacertae objects: individual: S2 0109+22; galaxies: jets; gamma-rays: galaxies
Citation Formats
Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arcaro, C., Baack, D., Babić, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., Barres de Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Berse, R. Ch, Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Chatterjee, A., Colak, S. M., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Cumani, P., D’Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Di Pierro, F., Domínguez, A., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Elsaesser, D., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fattorini, A., Fernández-Barral, A., Ferrara, G., Fidalgo, D., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Gallozzi, S., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinović, N., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Konno, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López, M., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Masuda, S., Mazin, D., Mielke, K., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogués, L., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pedaletti, G., Peñil, P., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Pfrang, K., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Garcia, J. R., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Šnidarić, I., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Strzys, M., Surić, T., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Albà, N., Tsujimoto, S., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., Zarić, D., Ciprini , Desiante , Barcewicz, S., Hovatta, T., Jormanainen, J., Takalo, L., Reinthal, R., Mankuzhiyil, N., Wierda, F., Lähteenmäki, A., Tammi, J., Tornikoski, M., Vera, R. J. C., Kiehlmann, S., Max-Moerbeck, W., and Readhead, A. C. S. The broad-band properties of the intermediate synchrotron peaked BL Lac S2 0109+22 from radio to VHE gamma-rays. United States: N. p., 2018.
Web. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty1753.
Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arcaro, C., Baack, D., Babić, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., Barres de Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Berse, R. Ch, Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Chatterjee, A., Colak, S. M., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Cumani, P., D’Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Di Pierro, F., Domínguez, A., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Elsaesser, D., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fattorini, A., Fernández-Barral, A., Ferrara, G., Fidalgo, D., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Gallozzi, S., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinović, N., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Konno, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López, M., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Masuda, S., Mazin, D., Mielke, K., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogués, L., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pedaletti, G., Peñil, P., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Pfrang, K., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Garcia, J. R., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Šnidarić, I., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Strzys, M., Surić, T., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Albà, N., Tsujimoto, S., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., Zarić, D., Ciprini , Desiante , Barcewicz, S., Hovatta, T., Jormanainen, J., Takalo, L., Reinthal, R., Mankuzhiyil, N., Wierda, F., Lähteenmäki, A., Tammi, J., Tornikoski, M., Vera, R. J. C., Kiehlmann, S., Max-Moerbeck, W., & Readhead, A. C. S. The broad-band properties of the intermediate synchrotron peaked BL Lac S2 0109+22 from radio to VHE gamma-rays. United States. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty1753
Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arcaro, C., Baack, D., Babić, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., Barres de Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Berse, R. Ch, Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Chatterjee, A., Colak, S. M., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Cumani, P., D’Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Di Pierro, F., Domínguez, A., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Elsaesser, D., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fattorini, A., Fernández-Barral, A., Ferrara, G., Fidalgo, D., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Gallozzi, S., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinović, N., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Konno, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López, M., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Masuda, S., Mazin, D., Mielke, K., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogués, L., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pedaletti, G., Peñil, P., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Pfrang, K., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Garcia, J. R., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Šnidarić, I., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Strzys, M., Surić, T., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Albà, N., Tsujimoto, S., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., Zarić, D., Ciprini , Desiante , Barcewicz, S., Hovatta, T., Jormanainen, J., Takalo, L., Reinthal, R., Mankuzhiyil, N., Wierda, F., Lähteenmäki, A., Tammi, J., Tornikoski, M., Vera, R. J. C., Kiehlmann, S., Max-Moerbeck, W., and Readhead, A. C. S. Thu .
"The broad-band properties of the intermediate synchrotron peaked BL Lac S2 0109+22 from radio to VHE gamma-rays". United States. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty1753. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1475024.
@article{osti_1475024,
title = {The broad-band properties of the intermediate synchrotron peaked BL Lac S2 0109+22 from radio to VHE gamma-rays},
author = {Ansoldi, S. and Antonelli, L. A. and Arcaro, C. and Baack, D. and Babić, A. and Banerjee, B. and Bangale, P. and Barres de Almeida, U. and Barrio, J. A. and Becerra González, J. and Bednarek, W. and Bernardini, E. and Berse, R. Ch and Berti, A. and Besenrieder, J. and Bhattacharyya, W. and Bigongiari, C. and Biland, A. and Blanch, O. and Bonnoli, G. and Carosi, R. and Ceribella, G. and Chatterjee, A. and Colak, S. M. and Colin, P. and Colombo, E. and Contreras, J. L. and Cortina, J. and Covino, S. and Cumani, P. and D’Elia, V. and Da Vela, P. and Dazzi, F. and De Angelis, A. and De Lotto, B. and Delfino, M. and Delgado, J. and Di Pierro, F. and Domínguez, A. and Dominis Prester, D. and Dorner, D. and Doro, M. and Einecke, S. and Elsaesser, D. and Fallah Ramazani, V. and Fattorini, A. and Fernández-Barral, A. and Ferrara, G. and Fidalgo, D. and Foffano, L. and Fonseca, M. V. and Font, L. and Fruck, C. and Gallozzi, S. and García López, R. J. and Garczarczyk, M. and Gaug, M. and Giammaria, P. and Godinović, N. and Guberman, D. and Hadasch, D. and Hahn, A. and Hassan, T. and Hayashida, M. and Herrera, J. and Hoang, J. and Hrupec, D. and Inoue, S. and Ishio, K. and Iwamura, Y. and Konno, Y. and Kubo, H. and Kushida, J. and Lamastra, A. and Lelas, D. and Leone, F. and Lindfors, E. and Lombardi, S. and Longo, F. and López, M. and Maggio, C. and Majumdar, P. and Makariev, M. and Maneva, G. and Manganaro, M. and Mannheim, K. and Maraschi, L. and Mariotti, M. and Martínez, M. and Masuda, S. and Mazin, D. and Mielke, K. and Minev, M. and Miranda, J. M. and Mirzoyan, R. and Moralejo, A. and Moreno, V. and Moretti, E. and Neustroev, V. and Niedzwiecki, A. and Nievas Rosillo, M. and Nigro, C. and Nilsson, K. and Ninci, D. and Nishijima, K. and Noda, K. and Nogués, L. and Paiano, S. and Palacio, J. and Paneque, D. and Paoletti, R. and Paredes, J. M. and Pedaletti, G. and Peñil, P. and Peresano, M. and Persic, M. and Pfrang, K. and Prada Moroni, P. G. and Prandini, E. and Puljak, I. and Garcia, J. R. and Rhode, W. and Ribó, M. and Rico, J. and Righi, C. and Rugliancich, A. and Saha, L. and Saito, T. and Satalecka, K. and Schweizer, T. and Sitarek, J. and Šnidarić, I. and Sobczynska, D. and Stamerra, A. and Strzys, M. and Surić, T. and Tavecchio, F. and Temnikov, P. and Terzić, T. and Teshima, M. and Torres-Albà, N. and Tsujimoto, S. and Vanzo, G. and Vazquez Acosta, M. and Vovk, I. and Ward, J. E. and Will, M. and Zarić, D. and Ciprini and Desiante and Barcewicz, S. and Hovatta, T. and Jormanainen, J. and Takalo, L. and Reinthal, R. and Mankuzhiyil, N. and Wierda, F. and Lähteenmäki, A. and Tammi, J. and Tornikoski, M. and Vera, R. J. C. and Kiehlmann, S. and Max-Moerbeck, W. and Readhead, A. C. S.},
abstractNote = {Here, the Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC) telescopes observed S2 0109+22 in 2015 July during its flaring activity in high-energy gamma-rays observed by Fermi-Large Area Telescope. We analyse the MAGIC data to characterize the very high energy (VHE) gamma-ray emission of S2 0109+22, which belongs to the subclass of intermediate synchrotron peak (ISP) BL Lacertae (BL Lac) objects. We study the multifrequency emission in order to investigate the source classification. Finally, we compare the source long-term behaviour to other VHE gamma-ray emitting (TeV) blazars. We performed a temporal and spectral analysis of the data centred around the MAGIC interval of observation (MJD 57225–57231). Long-term radio and optical data have also been investigated using the discrete correlation function. The redshift of the source is estimated through optical host-galaxy imaging and also using the amount of VHE gamma-ray absorption. The quasi-simultaneous multifrequency spectral energy distribution (SED) is modelled with the conventional one-zone synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) model. MAGIC observations resulted in the detection of the source at a significance level of 5.3σ. The VHE gamma-ray emission of S2 0109+22 is variable on a daily time scale. VHE gamma-ray luminosity of the source is lower than the average of TeV BL Lacs. The optical polarization and long-term optical/radio behaviour of the source are different from the general population of TeV blazars. All these findings agree with the classification of the source as an ISP BL Lac object. As a result, we estimate the source redshift as z = 0.36 ± 0.07. The SSC parameters describing the SED are rather typical for blazars.},
doi = {10.1093/mnras/sty1753},
journal = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},
number = 1,
volume = 480,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Jul 05 00:00:00 EDT 2018},
month = {Thu Jul 05 00:00:00 EDT 2018}
}
Web of Science
Works referenced in this record:
BRIGHT ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI SOURCE LIST FROM THE FIRST THREE MONTHS OF THE FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE ALL-SKY SURVEY
journal, July 2009
- Abdo, A. A.; Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 700, Issue 1
FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE FIRST SOURCE CATALOG
journal, May 2010
- Abdo, A. A.; Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 188, Issue 2
THE SPECTRAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTION OF FERMI BRIGHT BLAZARS
journal, May 2010
- Abdo, A. A.; Ackermann, M.; Agudo, I.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 716, Issue 1
INSIGHTS INTO THE HIGH-ENERGY γ-RAY EMISSION OF MARKARIAN 501 FROM EXTENSIVE MULTIFREQUENCY OBSERVATIONS IN THE FERMI ERA
journal, January 2011
- Abdo, A. A.; Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 727, Issue 2
FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS OF MARKARIAN 421: THE MISSING PIECE OF ITS SPECTRAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTION
journal, July 2011
- Abdo, A. A.; Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 736, Issue 2
Discovery of very high Energy Gamma rays from pks 1424+240 and Multiwavelength Constraints on its Redshift
journal, December 2009
- Acciari, V. A.; Aliu, E.; Arlen, T.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 708, Issue 2
FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE THIRD SOURCE CATALOG
journal, June 2015
- Acero, F.; Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 218, Issue 2
DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODEL OF GALACTIC INTERSTELLAR EMISSION FOR STANDARD POINT-SOURCE ANALYSIS OF FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE DATA
journal, April 2016
- Acero, F.; Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 223, Issue 2
THE SECOND CATALOG OF ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI DETECTED BY THE FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE
journal, December 2011
- Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Allafort, A.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 743, Issue 2
THE FIRST FERMI -LAT CATALOG OF SOURCES ABOVE 10 GeV
journal, November 2013
- Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Allafort, A.
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 209, Issue 2
THE THIRD CATALOG OF ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI DETECTED BY THE FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE
journal, August 2015
- Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Atwood, W. B.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 810, Issue 1
2FHL: THE SECOND CATALOG OF HARD FERMI -LAT SOURCES
journal, January 2016
- Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Atwood, W. B.
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 222, Issue 1
TeV gamma rays from BL Lac objects due to synchrotron radiation of extremely high energy protons
journal, November 2000
- Aharonian, F. A.
- New Astronomy, Vol. 5, Issue 7
A low level of extragalactic background light as revealed by γ-rays from blazars
journal, April 2006
- Aharonian, F.; Akhperjanian, A. G.; Bazer-Bachi, A. R.
- Nature, Vol. 440, Issue 7087
Investigating the peculiar emission from the new VHE gamma-ray source H1722+119
journal, March 2016
- Ahnen, M. L.; Ansoldi, S.; Antonelli, L. A.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 459, Issue 3
MAGIC detection of very high energy γ-ray emission from the low-luminosity blazar 1ES 1741+196
journal, February 2017
- Ahnen, M. L.; Ansoldi, S.; Antonelli, L. A.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 468, Issue 2
A cut-off in the TeV gamma-ray spectrum of the SNR Cassiopeia A
journal, August 2017
- Ahnen, M. L.; Ansoldi, S.; Antonelli, L. A.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 472, Issue 3
MAGIC long-term study of the distant TeV blazar PKS 1424+240 in a multiwavelength context
journal, July 2014
- Aleksić, J.; Ansoldi, S.; Antonelli, L. A.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 567
The major upgrade of the MAGIC telescopes, Part I: The hardware improvements and the commissioning of the system
journal, January 2016
- Aleksić, J.; Ansoldi, S.; Antonelli, L. A.
- Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 72
The major upgrade of the MAGIC telescopes, Part II: A performance study using observations of the Crab Nebula
journal, January 2016
- Aleksić, J.; Ansoldi, S.; Antonelli, L. A.
- Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 72
INVESTIGATING BROADBAND VARIABILITY OF THE TeV BLAZAR 1ES 1959+650
journal, December 2014
- Aliu, E.; Archambault, S.; Arlen, T.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 797, Issue 2
SIMULTANEOUS MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATION OF Mkn 501 IN A LOW STATE IN 2006
journal, October 2009
- Anderhub, H.; Antonelli, L. A.; Antoranz, P.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 705, Issue 2
Optical and Infrared Polarization of Active Extragalactic Objects
journal, September 1980
- Angel, J. R. P.; Stockman, H. S.
- Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 18, Issue 1
RoboPol: the optical polarization of gamma-ray-loud and gamma-ray-quiet blazars
journal, September 2016
- Angelakis, E.; Hovatta, T.; Blinov, D.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 463, Issue 3
THE LARGE AREA TELESCOPE ON THE FERMI GAMMA-RAY SPACE TELESCOPE MISSION
journal, May 2009
- Atwood, W. B.; Abdo, A. A.; Ackermann, M.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 697, Issue 2
RoboPol: optical polarization-plane rotations and flaring activity in blazars
journal, February 2016
- Blinov, D.; Pavlidou, V.; Papadakis, I. E.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 457, Issue 2
Intermediate BL Lac objects
journal, August 2001
- Bondi, M.; Marcha, M. J. M.; Dallacasa, D.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 325, Issue 3
The Swift X-Ray Telescope
conference, February 2004
- Burrows, David N.; Hill, Joanne E.; Nousek, John A.
- Optical Science and Technology, SPIE's 48th Annual Meeting, SPIE Proceedings
Optical variability of the BL Lacertae object GC 0109+224: Multiband behaviour and time scales from a 7-years
monitoring campaign
journal, March 2003
- Ciprini, S.; Tosti, G.; Raiteri, C. M.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 400, Issue 2
Radio-optical flux behaviour and spectral energy distribution of the intermediate blazar GC 0109+224
journal, March 2004
- Ciprini, Stefano; Tosti, Gino; Teräsranta, Harri
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 348, Issue 4
Temporal Correlations Between Optical and Gamma-Ray Activity in Blazars
journal, December 2014
- Cohen, Daniel P.; Romani, Roger W.; Filippenko, Alexei V.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 797, Issue 2
Time-dependent models of magnetized pair plasmas
journal, October 1992
- Coppi, Paolo S.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 258, Issue 4
Short timescale photometric and polarimetric behavior of two BL Lacertae type objects
journal, June 2015
- Covino, S.; Baglio, M. C.; Foschini, L.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 578
The NRAO 5-GHz radio source survey. I. A survey of faint sources.
journal, December 1971
- Davis, M. M.
- The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 76
The e-ASTROGAM mission: Exploring the extreme Universe with gamma rays in the MeV – GeV range
journal, June 2017
- De Angelis, A.; Tatischeff, V.; Tavani, M.
- Experimental Astronomy, Vol. 44, Issue 1
On the location of the acceleration and emission sites in gamma-ray blazars
journal, February 1994
- Dermer, Charles D.; Schlickeiser, Reinhard
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 90
Extragalactic background light inferred from AEGIS galaxy-SED-type fractions: EBL from AEGIS galaxy-SED-type fractions
journal, October 2010
- Domínguez, A.; Primack, J. R.; Rosario, D. J.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 410, Issue 4
First Results from the Catalina Real-Time Transient Survey
journal, April 2009
- Drake, A. J.; Djorgovski, S. G.; Mahabal, A.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 696, Issue 1
The discrete correlation function - A new method for analyzing unevenly sampled variability data
journal, October 1988
- Edelson, R. A.; Krolik, J. H.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 333
Empirical multi-wavelength prediction method for very high energy gamma-ray emitting BL Lacertae objects
journal, December 2017
- Fallah Ramazani, V.; Lindfors, E.; Nilsson, K.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 608
Modeling the Extragalactic Background Light from Stars and dust
journal, February 2010
- Finke, Justin D.; Razzaque, Soebur; Dermer, Charles D.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 712, Issue 1
Extragalactic optical-infrared background radiation, its time evolution and the cosmic photon-photon opacity
journal, June 2008
- Franceschini, A.; Rodighiero, G.; Vaccari, M.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 487, Issue 3
Atmospheric monitoring in MAGIC and data corrections
journal, January 2015
- Fruck, Christian; Gaug, Markus
- EPJ Web of Conferences, Vol. 89
Detection of significant cm to sub-mm band radio and -ray correlated variability in Fermi bright blazars
journal, May 2014
- Fuhrmann, L.; Larsson, S.; Chiang, J.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 441, Issue 3
Semi-analytic modelling of the extragalactic background light and consequences for extragalactic gamma-ray spectra: Modelling of the EBL and gamma-ray spectra
journal, April 2012
- Gilmore, Rudy C.; Somerville, Rachel S.; Primack, Joel R.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 422, Issue 4
BL Lac reunification
journal, May 1994
- Giommi, P.; Padovani, P.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 268, Issue 1
Correlated radio and optical variations in a sample of AGN
journal, October 2002
- Hanski, M. T.; Takalo, L. O.; Valtaoja, E.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 394, Issue 1
CGRaBS: An All‐Sky Survey of Gamma‐Ray Blazar Candidates
journal, March 2008
- Healey, Stephen E.; Romani, Roger W.; Cotter, Garret
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 175, Issue 1
RECONSTRUCTING THE γ-RAY PHOTON OPTICAL DEPTH OF THE UNIVERSE TO z ∼ 4 FROM MULTIWAVELENGTH GALAXY SURVEY DATA
journal, September 2012
- Helgason, Kari; Kashlinsky, Alexander
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 758, Issue 1
A multiwavelength view of the flaring state of PKS 2155-304 in 2006
journal, March 2012
- Abramowski, A.; Acero, F.; Aharonian, F.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 539
Discovery of very high energy γ -ray emission from the BL Lacertae object PKS 0301−243 with H.E.S.S.
journal, November 2013
- Abramowski, A.; Acero, F.; Aharonian, F.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 559
Long-term radio variability of AGN: flare characteristics
journal, May 2008
- Hovatta, T.; Nieppola, E.; Tornikoski, M.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 485, Issue 1
Mojave: Monitoring of jets in Active Galactic Nuclei with vlba Experiments. xi. Spectral Distributions
journal, May 2014
- Hovatta, Talvikki; Aller, Margo F.; Aller, Hugh D.
- The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 147, Issue 6
Optical polarization of high-energy BL Lacertae objects
journal, December 2016
- Hovatta, T.; Lindfors, E.; Blinov, D.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 596
Extragalactic Background Light from Hierarchical Galaxy Formation: Gamma-Ray Attenuation up to the Epoch of Cosmic Reionization and the First Stars
journal, April 2013
- Inoue, Yoshiyuki; Inoue, Susumu; Kobayashi, Masakazu A. R.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 768, Issue 2
The Leiden/Argentine/Bonn (LAB) Survey of Galactic HI: Final data release of the combined LDS and IAR surveys with
improved stray-radiation corrections
journal, September 2005
- Kalberla, P. M. W.; Burton, W. B.; Hartmann, Dap
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 440, Issue 2
A lower-limit flux for the extragalactic background light
journal, June 2010
- Kneiske, T. M.; Dole, H.
- Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 515
The RGB Sample of Intermediate BL Lacertae Objects
journal, November 1999
- Laurent‐Muehleisen, S. A.; Kollgaard, R. I.; Feigelson, E. D.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 525, Issue 1
The Katzman Automatic Imaging Telescope Gamma‐Ray Burst Alert System, and Observations of GRB 020813
journal, July 2003
- Li, Weidong; Filippenko, Alexei V.; Chornock, Ryan
- Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 115, Issue 809
Optical and radio variability of the northern VHE gamma-ray emitting BL Lacertae objects
journal, September 2016
- Lindfors, E. J.; Hovatta, T.; Nilsson, K.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 593
TeV gamma-rays from proton blazars
journal, January 1996
- Mannheim, Karl
- Space Science Reviews, Vol. 75, Issue 1-2
The Jet‐Disk Connection and Blazar Unification
journal, August 2003
- Maraschi, Laura; Tavecchio, Fabrizio
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 593, Issue 2
A jet model for the gamma-ray emitting blazar 3C 279
journal, September 1992
- Maraschi, L.; Ghisellini, G.; Celotti, A.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 397
Log-parabolic spectra and particle acceleration in the BL Lac object Mkn 421: Spectral analysis of the complete BeppoSAX wide band X-ray data set
journal, December 2003
- Massaro, E.; Perri, M.; Giommi, P.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 413, Issue 2
A method for the estimation of the significance of cross-correlations in unevenly sampled red-noise time series
journal, September 2014
- Max-Moerbeck, W.; Richards, J. L.; Hovatta, T.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 445, Issue 1
Break in the Very High Energy Spectrum of PG 1553+113: New Upper Limit on Its Redshift?
journal, January 2007
- Mazin, Daniel; Goebel, Florian
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 655, Issue 1
The radiative deceleration of ultrarelativistic jets in active galactic nuclei
journal, May 1989
- Melia, Fulvio; Konigl, Arieh
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 340
Limits on the extragalactic background light in the Fermi era
journal, June 2012
- Meyer, M.; Raue, M.; Mazin, D.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 542
A proton synchrotron blazar model for flaring in Markarian 501
journal, March 2001
- Mücke, A.; Protheroe, R. J.
- Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 15, Issue 1
R -band imaging of the host galaxies of RGB BL Lacertae objects
journal, February 2003
- Nilsson, K.; Pursimo, T.; Heidt, J.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 400, Issue 1
FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE SECOND SOURCE CATALOG
journal, March 2012
- Nolan, P. L.; Abdo, A. A.; Ackermann, M.
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 199, Issue 2
Extragalactic sources with strong millimeter-wave emission
journal, October 1977
- Owen, F. N.; Muffson, S. L.
- The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 82
On the redshift of the very high-energy gamma-ray BL Lac object S2 0109+22
journal, March 2016
- Paiano, S.; Landoni, M.; Falomo, R.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 458, Issue 3
X-Ray Intraday Variability of Five TeV Blazars with NuSTAR
journal, June 2017
- Pandey, Ashwani; Gupta, Alok C.; Wiita, Paul J.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 841, Issue 2
The NRAO 5-GHz radio source survey. II. The 140-ft "Strong", "Intermediate", and "Deep" source surveys.
journal, May 1972
- Pauliny-Toth, I. I. K.; Kellermann, K. I.; Davis, M. M.
- The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 77
Photometric calibration of the Swift ultraviolet/optical telescope: Photometric calibration of the Swift UVOT
journal, December 2007
- Poole, T. S.; Breeveld, A. A.; Page, M. J.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 383, Issue 2
Constraining blazar distances with combined Fermi and TeV data: an empirical approach: Blazar distance indications from gamma-rays
journal, April 2010
- Prandini, E.; Bonnoli, G.; Maraschi, L.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, Vol. 405, Issue 1
Constraints on a Proton Synchrotron Origin of VHE Gamma Rays from the Extended Jet of AP Librae
journal, July 2017
- Basumallick, Partha Pratim; Gupta, Nayantara
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 844, Issue 1
Another look at the BL Lacertae flux and spectral variability: Observations by GASP-WEBT, XMM-
journal, November 2010
- Raiteri, C. M.; Villata, M.; Bruschini, L.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 524
BLAZARS IN THE FERMI ERA: THE OVRO 40 m TELESCOPE MONITORING PROGRAM
journal, May 2011
- Richards, Joseph L.; Max-Moerbeck, Walter; Pavlidou, Vasiliki
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 194, Issue 2
Confidence intervals and upper bounds for small signals in the presence of background noise
journal, February 2001
- Rolke, Wolfgang A.; López, Angel M.
- Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 458, Issue 3
Imaging Redshifts of BL Lacertae Objects
journal, December 2005
- Sbarufatti, B.; Treves, A.; Falomo, R.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 635, Issue 1
Measuring Reddening with Sloan Digital sky Survey Stellar Spectra and Recalibrating sfd
journal, August 2011
- Schlafly, Edward F.; Finkbeiner, Douglas P.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 737, Issue 2
Comptonization of diffuse ambient radiation by a relativistic jet: The source of gamma rays from blazars?
journal, January 1994
- Sikora, Marek; Begelman, Mitchell C.; Rees, Martin J.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 421
An Empirical Determination of the Intergalactic Background Light from uv to fir Wavelengths Using fir deep Galaxy Surveys and the Gamma-Ray Opacity of the Universe
journal, August 2016
- Stecker, Floyd W.; Scully, Sean T.; Malkan, Matthew A.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 827, Issue 1
Multifrequency observations of blazars. 5: Long-term millimeter, submillimeter, and infrared monitoring
journal, December 1994
- Stevens, J. A.; Litchfield, S. J.; Robson, E. I.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 437
TeV BL Lac objects at the dawn of the Fermi era
journal, January 2010
- Tavecchio, F.; Ghisellini, G.; Ghirlanda, G.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 401, Issue 3
Fifteen years monitoring of extragalactic radio sources at 22, 37 and 87 GHz
journal, November 1998
- Teräsranta, H.; Tornikoski, M.; Mujunen, A.
- Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series, Vol. 132, Issue 3
The Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE)
conference, July 2016
- Weisskopf, Martin C.; Ramsey, Brian; O'Dell, Stephen
- SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, SPIE Proceedings
On the Reliability of Cross‐Correlation Function Lag Determinations in Active Galactic Nuclei
journal, November 1999
- Welsh, W. F.
- Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 111, Issue 765
McDONALD OBSERVATORY ARCHIVE OF OPTICAL LINEAR POLARIZATION MEASUREMENTS
journal, April 2011
- Wills, Beverley J.; Wills, D.; Breger, M.
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 194, Issue 2
Works referencing / citing this record:
High-energy neutrino flux from individual blazar flares
journal, September 2019
- Oikonomou, Foteini; Murase, Kohta; Padovani, Paolo
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 489, Issue 3
Testing emission models on the extreme blazar 2WHSP J073326.7+515354 detected at very high energies with the MAGIC telescopes
journal, September 2019
- Acciari, V. A.; Ansoldi, S.; Antonelli, L. A.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 490, Issue 2
Signature of Stochastic Acceleration and Cooling Processes in an Outburst Phase of the TeV Blazar ON 231
journal, July 2019
- Kalita, Nibedita; Sawangwit, Utane; Gupta, Alok C.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 880, Issue 1
Testing emission models on the extreme blazar 2WHSP J073326.7+515354 detected at very high energies with the MAGIC telescopes
text, January 2019
- Acciari, V. A.; Ansoldi, S.; Antonelli, L. A.
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
High energy neutrino flux from individual blazar flares
text, January 2019
- Oikonomou, Foteini; Murase, Kohta; Padovani, Paolo
- arXiv
Signature of stochastic acceleration and cooling processes in an outburst phase of the TeV blazar ON 231
text, January 2019
- Kalita, Nibedita; Sawangwit, Utane; Gupta, Alok C.
- arXiv