Title: Understanding the trilemma of fast charging, energy density and cycle life of lithium-ion batteries

Journal Article · · Journal of Power Sources
ORCiD logo [1];  [2]
  1. The Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States); The Pennsylvania State University
  2. The Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)
+ Show Author Affiliations

Increasing energy density of Li-ion batteries (LiBs) along with fast charging capability are two key approaches to eliminate range anxiety and boost mainstream adoption of electric vehicles (EVs). Either the increase of energy density or of charge rate, however, heightens the risk of lithium plating and thus deteriorates cell life. The trilemma of fast charging, energy density and cycle life are studied systematically in this work utilizing a physics-based aging model with incorporation of both lithium plating and solid-electrolyte-interphase (SEI) growth. The model is able to capture the key feature of temperature-dependent aging behavior of LiBs, or more specifically, the existence of an optimal temperature with the longest cycle life. We demonstrate that this optimal temperature is a result of competition between SEI growth and lithium plating. Further, it is revealed that either the increase of charge rate or of energy density accelerates lithium plating induced aging. As such, the optimal temperature for cell life increases from ~20 °C for a high-power cell at 1C charge to ~35–45 °C with the increase of charge rate and/or energy density. In conclusion, it would be beneficial to further increase the charge temperature in order to enable robust fast charging of high energy EV cells.

Research Organization:
The Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Vehicle Technologies Office (EE-3V)
Grant/Contract Number:
EE0008355
OSTI ID:
1474853
Journal Information:
Journal of Power Sources, Journal Name: Journal of Power Sources Journal Issue: C Vol. 402; ISSN 0378-7753
Publisher:
ElsevierCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (37)

Electrochemical-thermal modeling of automotive Li-ion batteries and experimental validation using a three-electrode cell journal November 2009
Correlation of Arrhenius behaviors in power and capacity fades with cell impedance and heat generation in cylindrical lithium-ion cells journal June 2003
Influence of operational condition on lithium plating for commercial lithium-ion batteries – Electrochemical experiments and post-mortem-analysis journal November 2017
Optimization of Charging Strategy by Prevention of Lithium Deposition on Anodes in high-energy Lithium-ion Batteries – Electrochemical Experiments journal October 2015
Empirical analysis of electric vehicle fast charging under cold temperatures journal November 2018
Charging protocols for lithium-ion batteries and their impact on cycle life—An experimental study with different 18650 high-power cells journal May 2016
Multi-directional laser scanning as innovative method to detect local cell damage during fast charging of lithium-ion cells journal November 2016
The effect of the charging protocol on the cycle life of a Li-ion battery journal October 2006
Physical characterization of the charging process of a Li-ion battery and prediction of Li plating by electrochemical modelling journal January 2014
Low-temperature charging of lithium-ion cells part I: Electrochemical modeling and experimental investigation of degradation behavior journal April 2014
A review of lithium deposition in lithium-ion and lithium metal secondary batteries journal May 2014
Temperature dependent ageing mechanisms in Lithium-ion batteries – A Post-Mortem study journal September 2014
Quantification of bottlenecks to fast charging of lithium-ion-insertion cells for electric vehicles journal December 2014
Sinusoidal current and stress evolutions in lithium-ion batteries journal September 2016
The effect of charging rate on the graphite electrode of commercial lithium-ion cells: A post-mortem study journal December 2016
Influence of temperature on the aging behavior of 18650-type lithium ion cells: A comprehensive approach combining electrochemical characterization and post-mortem analysis journal February 2017
Innovative heating of large-size automotive Li-ion cells journal February 2017
Modeling of lithium plating induced aging of lithium-ion batteries: Transition from linear to nonlinear aging journal August 2017
Enabling fast charging – A battery technology gap assessment journal November 2017
Determining the maximum charging currents of lithium-ion cells for small charge quantities journal October 2017
Li plating as unwanted side reaction in commercial Li-ion cells – A review journal April 2018
Optimum fast charging of lithium-ion pouch cells based on local volume expansion criteria journal July 2018
A look into the voltage plateau signal for detection and quantification of lithium plating in lithium-ion cells journal August 2018
Lithium-ion battery structure that self-heats at low temperatures journal January 2016
Fast charging of lithium-ion batteries at all temperatures journal June 2018
Degradation Analyses of Commercial Lithium-Ion Cells by Temperature/C-rate Controlled Cycle Test journal April 2015
Transport Properties of LiPF[sub 6]-Based Li-Ion Battery Electrolytes journal January 2005
Optimal Design of Li-Ion Batteries through Multi-Physics Modeling and Multi-Objective Optimization journal January 2017
Experimental and Modeling Analysis of Graphite Electrodes with Various Thicknesses and Porosities for High-Energy-Density Li-Ion Batteries journal January 2018
Optimizing Areal Capacities through Understanding the Limitations of Lithium-Ion Electrodes journal November 2015
Li-Ion Cell Operation at Low Temperatures journal January 2013
Irreversible Capacity Loss of Li-Ion Batteries Cycled at Low Temperature Due to an Untypical Layer Hindering Li Diffusion into Graphite Electrode journal January 2017
In-Situ Detection of Lithium Plating Using High Precision Coulometry journal January 2015
Distinguishing Li + Charge Transfer Kinetics at NCA/Electrolyte and Graphite/Electrolyte Interfaces, and NCA/Electrolyte and LFP/Electrolyte Interfaces in Li-Ion Cells journal January 2012
Analysis of the Implications of Rapid Charging on Lithium-Ion Battery Performance journal January 2015
Tortuosity Determination of Battery Electrodes and Separators by Impedance Spectroscopy journal January 2016
Comprehensive Modeling of Temperature-Dependent Degradation Mechanisms in Lithium Iron Phosphate Batteries journal January 2018

Cited By (8)

Finding the ideal automotive battery concept: A model-based approach on cell selection, modularization and thermal management journal May 2019
Exploring competitive features of stationary sodium ion batteries for electrochemical energy storage journal January 2019
Towards high rate Li metal anodes: enhanced performance at high current density in a superconcentrated ionic liquid journal January 2020
In Situ Measurement of Lithium-Ion Cell Internal Temperatures during Extreme Fast Charging journal January 2019
Fast Charging of Li-Ion Cells: Part II. Nonlinear Contributions to Cell and Electrode Polarization journal January 2019
The Mechanism and Characterization of Accelerated Capacity Deterioration for Lithium-Ion Battery with Li(NiMnCo) O 2 Cathode journal January 2019
Lifetime Rapid Evaluation Method for Lithium-Ion Battery with Li(NiMnCo)O 2 Cathode journal January 2019
Impacts of Current Rates on the Degradation Behaviors of Lithium-Ion Batteries under Over-Discharge Conditions journal January 2019

Similar Records

Related Subjects

25 ENERGY STORAGE
Cycle life
Energy density
Fast charging
Lithium plating
Lithium-ion battery
Temperature-dependent aging