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Title: A method for determining the optimal delivered hydrogen pressure for fuel cell electric vehicles

Abstract

Fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) are considered an important part of a portfolio of options to address challenges in the transportation sector, including energy security and pollution reduction. The market success of FCEVs depends on standardization of key vehicle and infrastructure parameters, including the delivered hydrogen pressure (DHP). This paper developed and utilized the Hydrogen Optimal Pressure (HOP) model to systematically identify the optimal DHP among 350, 500, and 700 bar toward the lowest total consumer cost and analyze how the optimal DHP may be affected by attributes of drivers, vehicles, and hydrogen refueling stations. The DHP of 700 bar a robustly better choice than 350 bar or 500 bar for Region Strategy, regardless of fuel availability, FCEV adoption, driver types, time values, and fuel economies. A DHP of 300 or 500 bar can the winner in Cluster Strategy if combined with certain assumptions of driving patterns and time value. the optimal pressure is found to be very sensitive to fuel availability, fuel economy, driving pattern and time value. The appeal of a higher DHP such as 700 bar (or even higher) is more obvious during the early market stages, when the number of hydrogen stations is limited and earlymore » FCEV consumers likely have higher time value, and thus may be willing to pay more for the increased range with higher DHP. Finally, future research on mixed DHPs within a station and across stations is suggested.« less

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1];  [1];  [2];  [2];  [3];  [4]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Knoxville, TN (United States). National Transportation Research Center
  2. Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
  3. Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, MI (United States). Research & Advanced Engr. Fuel Cell Center
  4. Chevron Corporation, Richmond, CA (United States). Process & Equipment Engineering Energy Technology Company
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Knoxville, TN (United States); Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Sustainable Transportation Office. Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technologies Office
OSTI Identifier:
1474701
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC05-00OR22725
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Applied Energy
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 216; Journal ID: ISSN 0306-2619
Publisher:
Elsevier
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
25 ENERGY STORAGE; 08 HYDROGEN; fuel cell electric vehicle; hydrogen refueling station; on-board storage; optimization; driving range; hydrogen fueling pressure

Citation Formats

Lin, Zhenhong, Ou, Shiqi, Elgowainy, Amgad, Reddi, Krishna, Veenstra, Mike, and Verduzco, Laura. A method for determining the optimal delivered hydrogen pressure for fuel cell electric vehicles. United States: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.02.041.
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Lin, Zhenhong, Ou, Shiqi, Elgowainy, Amgad, Reddi, Krishna, Veenstra, Mike, & Verduzco, Laura. A method for determining the optimal delivered hydrogen pressure for fuel cell electric vehicles. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.02.041
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Lin, Zhenhong, Ou, Shiqi, Elgowainy, Amgad, Reddi, Krishna, Veenstra, Mike, and Verduzco, Laura. Sat . "A method for determining the optimal delivered hydrogen pressure for fuel cell electric vehicles". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.02.041. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1474701.
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@article{osti_1474701,
title = {A method for determining the optimal delivered hydrogen pressure for fuel cell electric vehicles},
author = {Lin, Zhenhong and Ou, Shiqi and Elgowainy, Amgad and Reddi, Krishna and Veenstra, Mike and Verduzco, Laura},
abstractNote = {Fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) are considered an important part of a portfolio of options to address challenges in the transportation sector, including energy security and pollution reduction. The market success of FCEVs depends on standardization of key vehicle and infrastructure parameters, including the delivered hydrogen pressure (DHP). This paper developed and utilized the Hydrogen Optimal Pressure (HOP) model to systematically identify the optimal DHP among 350, 500, and 700 bar toward the lowest total consumer cost and analyze how the optimal DHP may be affected by attributes of drivers, vehicles, and hydrogen refueling stations. The DHP of 700 bar a robustly better choice than 350 bar or 500 bar for Region Strategy, regardless of fuel availability, FCEV adoption, driver types, time values, and fuel economies. A DHP of 300 or 500 bar can the winner in Cluster Strategy if combined with certain assumptions of driving patterns and time value. the optimal pressure is found to be very sensitive to fuel availability, fuel economy, driving pattern and time value. The appeal of a higher DHP such as 700 bar (or even higher) is more obvious during the early market stages, when the number of hydrogen stations is limited and early FCEV consumers likely have higher time value, and thus may be willing to pay more for the increased range with higher DHP. Finally, future research on mixed DHPs within a station and across stations is suggested.},
doi = {10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.02.041},
journal = {Applied Energy},
number = ,
volume = 216,
place = {United States},
year = {2018},
month = {2}
}
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Journal Article:
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.02.041
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Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 41 works
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Figures / Tables:

Figure 1 Figure 1: Framework of Optimizing DHP
All figures and tables (17 total)
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Works referenced in this record:

Hydrogen storage: Letting it go
journal, January 2016

Hydrogen storage for fuel cell vehicles
journal, August 2014

Compressed Hydrogen System Pressure Selection - Determining the Optimum Hydrogen Fueling Pressure
conference, April 2007

  • Cohen, Joseph; Eichelberger, Donald; Guro, David
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Technical assessment of compressed hydrogen storage tank systems for automotive applications
journal, February 2011

The Advanced Energy Initiative
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journal, November 2014

Charging infrastructure planning for promoting battery electric vehicles: An activity-based approach using multiday travel data
journal, January 2014

  • Dong, Jing; Liu, Changzheng; Lin, Zhenhong
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Relative economic competitiveness of light-duty battery electric and fuel cell electric vehicles
journal, February 2018

  • Morrison, Geoff; Stevens, John; Joseck, Fred
  • Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, Vol. 87
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.trc.2018.01.005

Multi-objective component sizing based on optimal energy management strategy of fuel cell electric vehicles
journal, November 2015

Longevity-conscious dimensioning and power management of the hybrid energy storage system in a fuel cell hybrid electric bus
journal, January 2015

Tube-trailer consolidation strategy for reducing hydrogen refueling station costs
journal, December 2014

The fuel-travel-back approach to hydrogen station siting
journal, June 2008

Optimizing and Diversifying the Electric Range of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles for U.S. Drivers
journal, April 2012

  • Lin, Zhenhong
  • SAE International Journal of Alternative Powertrains, Vol. 1, Issue 1
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Estimating daily vehicle usage distributions and the implications for limited-range vehicles
journal, August 1985

Assessing Energy Impact of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Significance of Daily Distance Variation over Time and Among Drivers
journal, January 2011

  • Lin, Zhenhong; Greene, David L.
  • Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, Vol. 2252, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3141/2252-13
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    Works referencing / citing this record:

    Evaluating national hydrogen refueling infrastructure requirement and economic competitiveness of fuel cell electric long-haul trucks
    journal, November 2019

    • Liu, Nawei; Xie, Fei; Lin, Zhenhong
    • Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Vol. 25, Issue 3
    • DOI: 10.1007/s11027-019-09896-z
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      Figures / Tables found in this record:

      Figure 1 (p. 6)figure
      Table 1 (p. 6)table
      Table 2 (p. 8)table
      Figure 2 (p. 10)figure
      Table 3 (p. 11)table
      Figure 3 (p. 12)figure
      Table 4 (p. 12)table
      Figure 4 (p. 13)figure
      Figure 5 (p. 15)figure
      Figure 6 (p. 17)figure
      Figure 7 (p. 19)figure
      Figure 8 (p. 22)figure
      Figure 9 (p. 23)figure
      Figure 9 (p. 23)figure
      Figure 10 (p. 24)figure
      Table 5 (p. 25)table
      Figure 11 (p. 26)figure
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