Search Menu
DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Search Scholarly Publications

Title: Evidence for prevalent Z = 6 magic number in neutron-rich carbon isotopes

Journal Article · · Nature Communications
 [1]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [3]; ORCiD logo [3];  [2];  [4];  [5];  [6];  [6];  [7];  [8];  [2];  [2];  [2];  [9];  [10];  [11];  [1];  [2];  [2] more »; ORCiD logo [12];  [13];  [5];  [14];  [15];  [2];  [2];  [16];  [17];  [18];  [19];  [20];  [21];  [15];  [2];  [9];  [2];  [22];  [23];  [2] « less
  1. Osaka Univ., Osaka (Japan); Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi (Vietnam)
  2. Osaka Univ., Osaka (Japan)
  3. Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
  4. Nihon Univ., Tokyo (Japan); National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo (Japan)
  5. Kyoto Univ., Kyoto (Japan)
  6. Beihang Univ., Beijing (China)
  7. Osaka Univ., Osaka (Japan); Beihang Univ., Beijing (China)
  8. Pham Ngoc Thach Univ. of Medicine, Ho Chi Ming (Vietnam); VNUHCM-Univ. of Science, Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam); Sungkyunkwan Univ., Gyeonggi-do (South Korea)
  9. GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt (Germany); Justus Leibig Univ., Giessen (Germany)
  10. GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt (Germany); Univ. of Groningen, Groningen (The Netherlands)
  11. Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon (Korea)
  12. Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
  13. Saint Mary's Univ., Halifax, NS (Canada)
  14. Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi (Vietnam)
  15. Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou (China)
  16. Kochi Univ. of Technology, Kochi (Japan)
  17. RIKEN Nishina Center, Saitama (Japan)
  18. Dong Nai Univ., Dong Nai (Vietnam)
  19. Tokyo Univ. of Science, Chiba (Japan)
  20. Univ. of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan)
  21. Univ. of Tsukuba, Ibaraki (Japan)
  22. Niigata Univ., Niigata (Japan)
  23. Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou (China); Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States)
+ Show Author Affiliations

Here, the nuclear shell structure, which originates in the nearly independent motion of nucleons in an average potential, provides an important guide for our understanding of nuclear structure and the underlying nuclear forces. Its most remarkable fingerprint is the existence of the so-called magic numbers of protons and neutrons associated with extra stability. Although the introduction of a phenomenological spin–orbit (SO) coupling force in 1949 helped in explaining the magic numbers, its origins are still open questions. Here, we present experimental evidence for the smallest SO-originated magic number (subshell closure) at the proton number six in C obtained from systematic analysis of point-proton distribution radii, electromagnetic transition rates and atomic masses of light nuclei. Performing ab initio calculations on C, we show that the observed proton distribution radii and subshell closure can be explained by the state-of-the-art nuclear theory with chiral nucleon–nucleon and three-nucleon forces, which are rooted in the quantum chromodynamics.

Research Organization:
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC05-00OR22725
OSTI ID:
1474691
Journal Information:
Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1; ISSN 2041-1723
Publisher:
Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 19 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (96)

The decrease of ground-state correlations from 12C to 14C journal November 1975
New data acquisition system for the RIKEN Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory
  • Baba, H.; Ichihara, T.; Ohnishi, T.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 616, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2010.02.120
journal April 2010
Parameter-free calculation of charge-changing cross sections at high energy journal July 2016
Chapter II. Comprehensive Study of Alpha-Nuclei journal January 1980
Ab initio no core shell model journal March 2013
Proton radii of Be, B, and C isotopes journal January 2015
Lifetime Measurement of the First Excited 2 + State in C 16 journal April 2008
Coupled-cluster calculations for valence systems around O 16 journal August 2006
Improved nuclear matter calculations from chiral low-momentum interactions journal March 2011
The nuclear shell model towards the drip lines journal January 2001
The AME2016 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references journal March 2017
The Energy Levels and the Structure of Light Nuclei journal April 1953
Effects of Three-Nucleon Forces and Two-Body Currents on Gamow-Teller Strengths journal December 2014
Proton Radii of B 12 – 17 Define a Thick Neutron Surface in B 17 journal September 2014
Three-Body Forces and the Limit of Oxygen Isotopes journal July 2010
On the "Magic Numbers" in Nuclear Structure journal June 1949
Experimental evidence for subshell closure in He 8 and indication of a resonant state in He 7 below 1 MeV journal April 2006
Symmetry properties of nuclear levels journal January 1941
In-beam γ-ray spectroscopy of the neutron-rich nitrogen isotopes N 19 − 22 journal April 2008
n − p Pairing, Wigner Energy, and Shell Gaps journal August 2007
Masses, Deformations and Charge Radii--Nuclear Ground-State Properties in the Relativistic Mean Field Model journal April 2005
Systematics of 2 + states in C isotopes from the no-core shell model journal March 2013
C 15 ( d , p ) C 16 Reaction and Exotic Behavior in C 16 journal September 2010
Masses of exotic calcium isotopes pin down nuclear forces journal June 2013
Angular distribution measurements for C 14 ( d ,   p ) C 15 and the level structure of C 15 journal December 1975
Dimers based on the α + α potential and chain states of carbon isotopes journal December 1997
Effective interactions for the 1p shell journal November 1965
Improving upon CCSD(T): ΛCCSD(T). I. Potential energy surfaces journal January 2008
Spectroscopic factors for the 1p shell journal September 1967
Anomalously Hindered E 2 Strength B ( E 2 ; 2 1 + → 0 + ) in C 16 journal February 2004
Optimized Chiral Nucleon-Nucleon Interaction at Next-to-Next-to-Leading Order journal May 2013
Microscopic shell-model description of the exotic nucleus 16C journal June 2007
Proton Distribution Radii of C 12 – 19 Illuminate Features of Neutron Halos journal September 2016
Effects of α -cluster breaking on 3 α -cluster structures in C 12 journal February 2015
Structure of C 14 and B 14 from the C 14 , 15 ( d , He 3 ) B 13 , 14 reactions journal April 2016
Tables of E2 transition probabilities from the first 2 + states in even–even nuclei journal January 2016
Shell-model study of boron, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen isotopes with a monopole-based universal interaction journal June 2012
Charge-changing cross-section measurements of C 12 – 16 at around 45 A MeV and development of a Glauber model for incident energies 10 A – 2100 A MeV journal December 2016
Accurate charge-dependent nucleon-nucleon potential at fourth order of chiral perturbation theory journal October 2003
Continuum Effects and Three-Nucleon Forces in Neutron-Rich Oxygen Isotopes journal June 2012
Lifetime measurements of first excited states in C 16 , 18 journal July 2008
Correlations of nuclear charge radii with other nuclear observables journal March 2015
Coupled-cluster computations of atomic nuclei journal September 2014
Table of experimental nuclear ground state charge radii: An update journal January 2013
Magic Numbers in Exotic Nuclei and Spin-Isospin Properties of the NN Interaction journal August 2001
Energy levels of light nuclei A = 16–17 journal November 1993
Similarity renormalization group for nucleon-nucleon interactions journal June 2007
Neutron and weak-charge distributions of the 48Ca nucleus journal November 2015
On Closed Shells in Nuclei. II journal June 1949
Exotic nuclei explored at in-flight separators journal November 2017
Isotopic Chains Around Oxygen from Evolved Chiral Two- and Three-Nucleon Interactions journal August 2013
Energy levels of light nuclei A = 13–15 journal February 1991
Magic numbers in exotic light nuclei near drip lines journal February 2006
Accurate nuclear radii and binding energies from a chiral interaction journal May 2015
Unexpectedly large charge radii of neutron-rich calcium isotopes journal February 2016
Quantum Monte Carlo methods for nuclear physics journal September 2015
Measurement of the magnetic moment of the first excited state of 15C journal October 1975
Proton radius of 14Be from measurement of charge-changing cross sections journal October 2014
Energy levels of light nuclei A = 13−15 journal February 1986
Energy levels of light nuclei A = 16–17 journal April 1971
Energy levels of light nuclei A = 13–15 journal May 1981
Energy levels of light nuclei A = 13–15 journal August 1970
Isotopic chains around oxygen from evolved chiral two- and three-nucleon interactions text January 2013
Coupled-cluster computations of atomic nuclei text January 2013
Effects of three-nucleon forces and two-body currents on Gamow-Teller strengths text January 2014
Proton radii of Be, B, and C isotopes text January 2014
Unexpectedly large charge radii of neutron-rich calcium isotopes text January 2016
Magic numbers in exotic nuclei and spin-isospin properties of {\it NN} interaction text January 2001
Accurate Charge-Dependent Nucleon-Nucleon Potential at Fourth Order of Chiral Perturbation Theory text January 2003
Coupled-cluster calculations for valence systems around O-16 text January 2005
Microscopic shell-model description of the exotic nucleus ^{16}C text January 2006
Dimers based on the α + α potential and chain states of carbon isotopes journal December 1997
Design study of the secondary-beam line at RCNP journal August 1992
Measurement of the magnetic moment of the first excited state of 15C journal October 1975
The decrease of ground-state correlations from 12C to 14C journal November 1975
Energy levels of light nuclei A = 13–15 journal September 1976
Energy levels of light nuclei A = 16–17 journal November 1993
Table of experimental nuclear ground state charge radii: An update journal January 2013
New data acquisition system for the RIKEN Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory
  • Baba, H.; Ichihara, T.; Ohnishi, T.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 616, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2010.02.120
journal April 2010
Ab initio no core shell model journal March 2013
Unexpectedly large charge radii of neutron-rich calcium isotopes journal February 2016
Improving upon CCSD(T): ΛCCSD(T). I. Potential energy surfaces journal January 2008
Coupled-cluster computations of atomic nuclei journal September 2014
Symmetry properties of nuclear levels journal January 1941
The AME2016 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references journal March 2017
Simplified modeling of cluster-shell competition in carbon isotopes journal May 2007
Origins of spin-orbit splitting in N 15 journal April 1993
Comment on “Magic Numbers in Exotic Nuclei and Spin-Isospin Properties of the N N Interaction” journal October 2003
Systematics of 2+ states in C isotopes from the ab initio no-core shell model text January 2011
An optimized chiral nucleon-nucleon interaction at next-to-next-to-leading order text January 2013
Tables of E2 Transition Probabilities from the first $2^{+}$ States in Even-Even Nuclei text January 2013
Proton radii of Be, B, and C isotopes text January 2014
Proton distribution radii of $^{12-19}$C illuminate features of neutron halos text January 2016
Accurate Charge-Dependent Nucleon-Nucleon Potential at Fourth Order of Chiral Perturbation Theory text January 2003
Microscopic shell-model description of the exotic nucleus ^{16}C text January 2006
Similarity Renormalization Group for Nucleon-Nucleon Interactions text January 2006

Cited By (1)

Neutron quadrupole transition strength in C 10 deduced from the C 10 ( α , α ′ ) measurement with the MAIKo active target journal November 2019

Figures / Tables (6)

Figure 1(p. 2)figure Figure 1
Figure 2(p. 3)figure Figure 2
Table 1(p. 3)table Table 1
Figure 3(p. 4)figure Figure 3
Figure 4(p. 5)figure Figure 4
Figure 5(p. 5)figure Figure 5

Similar Records

Related Subjects

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS