Design, capabilities, and first results of the new laser blow-off system on Wendelstein 7-X
Abstract
Here, we present a detailed overview and first results of the new laser blow-off system on the stellarator Wendelstein 7-X. The system allows impurity transport studies by the repetitive and controlled injection of different tracer ions into the plasma edge. A Nd:YAG laser is used to ablate a thin metal film, coated on a glass plate, with a repetition rate of up to 20 Hz. A remote-controlled adjustable optical system allows the variation of the laser spot diameter and enables the spot positioning to non-ablated areas on the target between laser pulses. During first experiments, clear spectral lines from higher ionization stages of the tracer ions have been observed in the X-ray to the extreme ultraviolet spectral range. The temporal behavior of the measured emission allows the estimate of transport properties, e.g., impurity transport times in the order of 100 ms. Although the strong injection of impurities is well detectable, the global plasma parameters are barely changed.
- Authors:
-
more »
- Max-Planck Inst. for Plasma Physics, Greifswald (Germany)
- Wigner Research Center for Physics, Budapest (Hungary)
- Forschungszentrum Julich (Germany)
- Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE; European Commission (EC)
- Contributing Org.:
- W7-X Team
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1473872
- Grant/Contract Number:
- 633053
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Review of Scientific Instruments
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 89; Journal Issue: 7; Journal ID: ISSN 0034-6748
- Publisher:
- American Institute of Physics (AIP)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION
Citation Formats
Wegner, Th., Geiger, B., Kunkel, F., Burhenn, R., Schröder, T., Biedermann, C., Buttenschön, B., Cseh, G., Drews, P., Grulke, O., Hollfeld, K., Killer, C., Kocsis, G., Krings, T., Langenberg, A., Marchuk, O., Neuner, U., Nicolai, D., Offermanns, G., Pablant, N. A., Rahbarnia, K., Satheeswaran, G., Schilling, J., Schweer, B., Szepesi, T., and Thomsen, H. Design, capabilities, and first results of the new laser blow-off system on Wendelstein 7-X. United States: N. p., 2018.
Web. doi:10.1063/1.5037543.
Wegner, Th., Geiger, B., Kunkel, F., Burhenn, R., Schröder, T., Biedermann, C., Buttenschön, B., Cseh, G., Drews, P., Grulke, O., Hollfeld, K., Killer, C., Kocsis, G., Krings, T., Langenberg, A., Marchuk, O., Neuner, U., Nicolai, D., Offermanns, G., Pablant, N. A., Rahbarnia, K., Satheeswaran, G., Schilling, J., Schweer, B., Szepesi, T., & Thomsen, H. Design, capabilities, and first results of the new laser blow-off system on Wendelstein 7-X. United States. doi:10.1063/1.5037543.
Wegner, Th., Geiger, B., Kunkel, F., Burhenn, R., Schröder, T., Biedermann, C., Buttenschön, B., Cseh, G., Drews, P., Grulke, O., Hollfeld, K., Killer, C., Kocsis, G., Krings, T., Langenberg, A., Marchuk, O., Neuner, U., Nicolai, D., Offermanns, G., Pablant, N. A., Rahbarnia, K., Satheeswaran, G., Schilling, J., Schweer, B., Szepesi, T., and Thomsen, H. Fri .
"Design, capabilities, and first results of the new laser blow-off system on Wendelstein 7-X". United States. doi:10.1063/1.5037543. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1473872.
@article{osti_1473872,
title = {Design, capabilities, and first results of the new laser blow-off system on Wendelstein 7-X},
author = {Wegner, Th. and Geiger, B. and Kunkel, F. and Burhenn, R. and Schröder, T. and Biedermann, C. and Buttenschön, B. and Cseh, G. and Drews, P. and Grulke, O. and Hollfeld, K. and Killer, C. and Kocsis, G. and Krings, T. and Langenberg, A. and Marchuk, O. and Neuner, U. and Nicolai, D. and Offermanns, G. and Pablant, N. A. and Rahbarnia, K. and Satheeswaran, G. and Schilling, J. and Schweer, B. and Szepesi, T. and Thomsen, H.},
abstractNote = {Here, we present a detailed overview and first results of the new laser blow-off system on the stellarator Wendelstein 7-X. The system allows impurity transport studies by the repetitive and controlled injection of different tracer ions into the plasma edge. A Nd:YAG laser is used to ablate a thin metal film, coated on a glass plate, with a repetition rate of up to 20 Hz. A remote-controlled adjustable optical system allows the variation of the laser spot diameter and enables the spot positioning to non-ablated areas on the target between laser pulses. During first experiments, clear spectral lines from higher ionization stages of the tracer ions have been observed in the X-ray to the extreme ultraviolet spectral range. The temporal behavior of the measured emission allows the estimate of transport properties, e.g., impurity transport times in the order of 100 ms. Although the strong injection of impurities is well detectable, the global plasma parameters are barely changed.},
doi = {10.1063/1.5037543},
journal = {Review of Scientific Instruments},
number = 7,
volume = 89,
place = {United States},
year = {2018},
month = {7}
}
Web of Science
Figures / Tables:

Works referenced in this record:
Measurements of n e ( r ) and T e ( r ) in TdeV boundary layer by injection of laser ablated Li and C
journal, December 1992
- Michaud, D.; Ross, G. G.; Haddad, E.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 63, Issue 12
Laboratory study of the PDX/PLT laser blow‐off trace element injectors
journal, April 1982
- Manos, D.; Ruzic, D.; Moore, R.
- Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology, Vol. 20, Issue 4
Development and manufacturing of CIS thin film solar modules
journal, February 2001
- Karg, Franz H.
- Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 66, Issue 1-4
Derivation of local impurity transport quantities from soft-x radiation evolution during tracer injection at W7-AS
journal, January 1999
- Burhenn, R.; Weller, A.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 70, Issue 1
Selective ablation of thin Mo and TCO films with femtosecond laser pulses for structuring thin film solar cells
journal, June 2007
- Zoppel, S.; Huber, H.; Reider, G. A.
- Applied Physics A, Vol. 89, Issue 1
A simple method of impurity injection into tokamak plasmas
journal, April 1989
- Hildebrandt, D.; Bakos, J. S.; Petravich, G.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 60, Issue 4
On plasma ion beam formation in the Advanced Plasma Source
journal, May 2012
- Harhausen, J.; Brinkmann, R. P.; Foest, R.
- Plasma Sources Science and Technology, Vol. 21, Issue 3
Effects of Internal Disruptions on Impurity Transport in Tokamaks
journal, August 1983
- Seguin, Fredrick H.; Petrasso, Richard; Marmar, Earl S.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 51, Issue 6
Atomic and ionic beam source utilizing pulsed laser blow off
journal, January 1976
- Utterback, N. G.; Tang, S. P.; Friichtenicht, J. F.
- Physics of Fluids, Vol. 19, Issue 6
Impurity Transport in a Mixed-Collisionality Stellarator Plasma
journal, April 2017
- Helander, P.; Newton, S. L.; Mollén, A.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 118, Issue 15
Startup impurity diagnostics in Wendelstein 7-X stellarator in the first operational phase
journal, October 2015
- Thomsen, H.; Langenberg, A.; Zhang, D.
- Journal of Instrumentation, Vol. 10, Issue 10
Diamagnetic energy measurement during the first operational phase at the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator
journal, July 2018
- Rahbarnia, K.; Thomsen, H.; Neuner, U.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 58, Issue 9
Laser ablation of thin molybdenum films on transparent substrates at low fluences
journal, August 2010
- Heise, Gerhard; Englmaier, Marina; Hellwig, Christian
- Applied Physics A, Vol. 102, Issue 1
Transient electron heat diffusivity obtained from trace impurity injection on TFTR
journal, March 1994
- Kissick, M. W.; Fredrickson, E. D.; Callen, J. D.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 34, Issue 3
An experimental counter‐example to the local transport paradigm
journal, June 1995
- Gentle, K. W.; Bravenec, R. V.; Cima, G.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 2, Issue 6
Measurement of the scrape‐off layer density profile on ASDEX via an energetic neutral lithium beam
journal, May 1985
- McCormick, K.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 56, Issue 5
System for rapid injection of metal atoms into plasmas
journal, September 1975
- Marmar, E. S.; Cecchi, J. L.; Cohen, S. A.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 46, Issue 9
Edge plasma density measurement by laser blow-off method
journal, May 1989
- Bakos, J. S.; Burger, G.; Foldes, I. B.
- Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 31, Issue 5
On impurity handling in high performance stellarator/heliotron plasmas
journal, April 2009
- Burhenn, R.; Feng, Y.; Ida, K.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 49, Issue 6
Fluctuation measurements on the Wendelstein 7-AS stellarator by means of repetitive lithium laser blow-off
journal, February 2004
- Bruchhausen, M.; Burhenn, R.; Endler, M.
- Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 46, Issue 3
Laboratory studies of metal atomic beams produced by means of UV-laser radiation
journal, May 1997
- Mattoo, S. K.; Wirtz, L.; Pospieszczyk, A.
- Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, Vol. 124, Issue 4
Understanding Thin Film Laser Ablation: The Role of the Effective Penetration Depth and the Film Thickness
journal, January 2014
- Domke, Matthias; Nobile, Luigi; Rapp, Stephan
- Physics Procedia, Vol. 56
Prospects of X-ray imaging spectrometers for impurity transport: Recent results from the stellarator Wendelstein 7-X (invited)
journal, October 2018
- Langenberg, A.; Pablant, N. A.; Wegner, Th.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 89, Issue 10
Impurity Transport in a Quiescent Tokamak Plasma
journal, December 1975
- Cohen, S. A.; Cecchi, J. L.; Marmar, E. S.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 35, Issue 22
Transport studies using laser blow-off injection of low- Z trace impurities injected into the TJ-II stellarator
journal, May 2011
- Zurro, B.; Hollmann, E.; Baciero, A.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 51, Issue 6
Design of a high–efficiency extreme ultraviolet overview spectrometer system for plasma impurity studies on the stellarator experiment Wendelstein 7-X
journal, September 2004
- Biel, W.; Bertschinger, G.; Burhenn, R.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 75, Issue 10
Propagation of cold pulses and heat pulses in ASDEX Upgrade
journal, November 2000
- Ryter, F.; Neu, R.; Dux, R.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 40, Issue 11
Use of laser‐ablated fast particle beams for the measurement of n e and T e profiles in the TEXTOR boundary layer
journal, August 1988
- Pospieszczyk, A.; Ross, G. G.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 59, Issue 8
Laser‐generated pulsed atomic beams
journal, January 1974
- Friichtenicht, J. F.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 45, Issue 1
Characterization of laser-ablation plasmas
journal, July 1999
- Amoruso, S.; Bruzzese, R.; Spinelli, N.
- Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, Vol. 32, Issue 14
Characterization of impurity confinement on Alcator C-Mod using a multi-pulse laser blow-off system
journal, March 2011
- Howard, N. T.; Greenwald, M.; Rice, J. E.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 82, Issue 3
Metal deposition from a supported metal film using an excimer laser
journal, August 1986
- Bohandy, J.; Kim, B. F.; Adrian, F. J.
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 60, Issue 4
A multi-purpose manipulator system for W7-X as user facility for plasma edge investigation
journal, November 2017
- Nicolai, D.; Borsuk, V.; Drews, P.
- Fusion Engineering and Design, Vol. 123
Laser blow‐off lithium beam probing with high temporal resolution for edge plasma diagnostics
journal, August 1993
- Sasaki, S.; Takamura, S.; Uesugi, Y.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 64, Issue 8
Density control problems in large stellarators with neoclassical transport
journal, August 1999
- Maaßberg, H.; Beidler, C. D.; Simmet, E. E.
- Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 41, Issue 9
Core Impurity Transport Studies from Different Diagnostic Approaches in LHD
journal, August 2010
- Morita, S.; Goto, M.; Muto, S.
- Fusion Science and Technology, Vol. 58, Issue 1
Effects of plasma shape on laser blow-off injected impurity transport in TCV
journal, October 2003
- Scavino, E.; Bakos, J. S.; Dux, R.
- Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 45, Issue 11
Compact imaging Bragg spectrometer for fusion devices
journal, October 2004
- Bertschinger, G.; Biel, W.; Jaegers, H.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 75, Issue 10, p. 3727-3729
Acceleration characteristics of spherical and nonspherical pellets by the LHD impurity pellet injector
journal, March 2003
- Nozato, Hideaki; Morita, Shigeru; Goto, Motoshi
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 74, Issue 3
Impurity transport in JET using laser injected impurities in Ohmic and radiofrequency heated plasmas
journal, October 1990
- Pasini, D.; Mattioli, M.; Edwards, A. W.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 30, Issue 10
Time-resolved study of back side ablated molybdenum thin films by ultrashort laser pulses
journal, August 2012
- Bartl, Dominik; Michalowski, Andreas; Hafner, Margit
- Applied Physics A, Vol. 110, Issue 1
Forward Modeling of X-Ray Imaging Crystal Spectrometers Within the Minerva Bayesian Analysis Framework
journal, April 2016
- Langenberg, A.; Svensson, J.; Thomsen, H.
- Fusion Science and Technology, Vol. 69, Issue 2
Time-integrated reflectivity of laser-induced back-ablated aluminum thin film targets
journal, August 1997
- Bullock, Anthony B.; Bolton, Paul R.; Mayer, Fred J.
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 82, Issue 4
Plasma Based Synthesis, Electron Microscopy, and Optical Characterization of Au-, Ag-, and Ag/Au-Core–Shell Nanoparticles
journal, December 2014
- Peglow, Sandra; Pohl, Marga-Martina; Kruth, Angela
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 119, Issue 1
Overview video diagnostics for the W7-X stellarator
journal, October 2015
- Kocsis, G.; Baross, T.; Biedermann, C.
- Fusion Engineering and Design, Vol. 96-97
Works referencing / citing this record:
Neutral and ion composition of laser produced lithium plasma plume in front and back ablation of thin film
journal, January 2019
- Mondal, Alamgir; Singh, R. K.; Joshi, H. C.
- Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, Vol. 34, Issue 9
Prospects of X-ray imaging spectrometers for impurity transport: Recent results from the stellarator Wendelstein 7-X (invited)
journal, October 2018
- Langenberg, A.; Pablant, N. A.; Wegner, Th.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 89, Issue 10
Plasma impurities observed by a pulse height analysis diagnostic during the divertor campaign of the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator
journal, October 2018
- Kubkowska, M.; Czarnecka, A.; Fornal, T.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 89, Issue 10
Charge exchange recombination spectroscopy at Wendelstein 7-X
journal, February 2020
- Ford, O. P.; Vanó, L.; Alonso, J. A.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 91, Issue 2
Impurity transport studies at Wendelstein 7-X by means of x-ray imaging spectrometer measurements
journal, November 2018
- Langenberg, A.; Warmer, F.; Fuchert, G.
- Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 61, Issue 1
Observation of anomalous impurity transport during low-density experiments in W7-X with laser blow-off injections of iron
journal, February 2019
- Geiger, B.; Wegner, Th.; Beidler, C. D.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 4
Overview of first Wendelstein 7-X high-performance operation
journal, June 2019
- Klinger, T.; Andreeva, T.; Bozhenkov, S.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 11
Plasma termination by excess pellet fueling and impurity injection in TJ-II, the Large Helical Device and Wendelstein 7-X
journal, May 2019
- Dinklage, A.; McCarthy, K. J.; Suzuki, C.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 7
Characterization of the W7-X scrape-off layer using reciprocating probes
journal, June 2019
- Killer, Carsten; Grulke, Olaf; Drews, Philipp
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 8
Figures / Tables found in this record: