Layer-by-Layer Synthesis of Thick Mesoporous TiO 2 Films with Vertically Oriented Accessible Nanopores and Their Application for Lithium-Ion Battery Negative Electrodes

Nagpure, Suraj; Zhang, Qinglin; Khan, M. Arif; Islam, Syed Z.; Xu, Jiagang; Strzalka, Joseph; Cheng, Yang-Tse; Knutson, Barbara L.; Rankin, Stephen E.

doi:10.1002/adfm.201801849

Title: Layer-by-Layer Synthesis of Thick Mesoporous TiO ₂ Films with Vertically Oriented Accessible Nanopores and Their Application for Lithium-Ion Battery Negative Electrodes

Journal Article · 26 July 2018 · Advanced Functional Materials

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201801849 · OSTI ID:1473600

Nagpure, Suraj ^[1]; Zhang, Qinglin ^[1]; Khan, M. Arif ^[1]; Islam, Syed Z. ^[1]; Xu, Jiagang ^[1]; Strzalka, Joseph ^[2]; Cheng, Yang-Tse ^[1]; Knutson, Barbara L. ^[1];

^[1]

Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington, KY (United States)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

TiO₂ films of varying thicknesses (up to ≈1.0 µm) with vertically oriented, accessible 7–9 nm nanopores are synthesized using an evaporation-induced self-assembly layer-by-layer technique. The hypothesis behind the approach is that epitaxial alignment of hydrophobic blocks of surfactant templates induces a consistent, accessible mesophase orientation across a multilayer film, ultimately leading to continuous, vertically aligned pore channels. Characterization using grazing incidence X-ray scattering, scanning electron microscopy, and impedance spectroscopy indicates that the pores are oriented vertically even in relatively thick films (up to 1 µm). These films contain a combination of amorphous and nanocrystalline anatase titania of value for electrochemical energy storage. When applied as negative electrodes in lithium-ion batteries, a capacity of 254 mAh g^-1 is obtained after 200 cycles for a single-layer TiO₂ film prepared on modified substrate, higher than on unmodified substrate or nonporous TiO₂ film, due to the high accessibility of the vertically oriented channels in the films. Thicker films on modified substrate have increased absolute capacity because of higher mass loading but a reduced specific capacity because of transport limitations. These results suggest that the multilayer epitaxial approach is a viable way to prepare high capacity TiO₂ films with vertically oriented continuous nanopores.

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Research Organization:: Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE; USDOE Office of Science

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1473600

Journal Information:: Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Name: Advanced Functional Materials Journal Issue: 37 Vol. 28; ISSN 1616-301X

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: Layer-by-Layer Synthesis of Thick Mesoporous TiO 2 Films with Vertically Oriented Accessible Nanopores and Their Application for Lithium-Ion Battery Negative Electrodes

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Title: Layer-by-Layer Synthesis of Thick Mesoporous TiO ₂ Films with Vertically Oriented Accessible Nanopores and Their Application for Lithium-Ion Battery Negative Electrodes