Particle-in-cell modeling of the nanosecond field emission driven discharge in pressurized hydrogen

Levko, Dmitry; Yatom, Shurik; Krasik, Yakov E.

doi:10.1063/1.5021129

Title: Particle-in-cell modeling of the nanosecond field emission driven discharge in pressurized hydrogen

Abstract

The high-voltage field-emission driven nanosecond discharge in pressurized hydrogen is studied using the one-dimensional Particle-in-Cell Monte Carlo collision model. It is obtained that the main part of the field-emitted electrons becomes runaway in the thin cathode sheath. These runaway electrons propagate the entire cathode-anode gap, creating rather dense (~10¹² cm^–3) seeding plasma electrons. In addition, these electrons initiate a streamer propagating through this background plasma with a speed ~30% of the speed of light. Such a high streamer speed allows the self-acceleration mechanism of runaway electrons present between the streamer head and the anode to be realized. As a consequence, the energy of runaway electrons exceeds the cathode-anode gap voltage. In conclusion, the influence of the field emission switching-off time is analyzed. It is obtained that this time significantly influences the discharge dynamics.

Authors:

Levko, Dmitry ^[1]; Yatom, Shurik ^[2];

^[3]

The Univ. of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX (United States)
Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)
Technion, Haifa (Israel)

Publication Date:: Tue Feb 27 00:00:00 EST 2018

Research Org.:: Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1472064

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-09CH11466

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Journal of Applied Physics

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 123; Journal Issue: 8; Journal ID: ISSN 0021-8979

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY

Citation Formats


                    Levko, Dmitry, Yatom, Shurik, and Krasik, Yakov E. Particle-in-cell modeling of the nanosecond field emission driven discharge in pressurized hydrogen.  United States: N. p., 2018. 
Web.  doi:10.1063/1.5021129.

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                    Levko, Dmitry, Yatom, Shurik, & Krasik, Yakov E. Particle-in-cell modeling of the nanosecond field emission driven discharge in pressurized hydrogen.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5021129

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                    Levko, Dmitry, Yatom, Shurik, and Krasik, Yakov E. Tue .  
"Particle-in-cell modeling of the nanosecond field emission driven discharge in pressurized hydrogen".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5021129.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1472064.

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@article{osti_1472064,

  title        = {Particle-in-cell modeling of the nanosecond field emission driven discharge in pressurized hydrogen},

  author       = {Levko, Dmitry and Yatom, Shurik and Krasik, Yakov E.},

  abstractNote = {The high-voltage field-emission driven nanosecond discharge in pressurized hydrogen is studied using the one-dimensional Particle-in-Cell Monte Carlo collision model. It is obtained that the main part of the field-emitted electrons becomes runaway in the thin cathode sheath. These runaway electrons propagate the entire cathode-anode gap, creating rather dense (~1012 cm–3) seeding plasma electrons. In addition, these electrons initiate a streamer propagating through this background plasma with a speed ~30% of the speed of light. Such a high streamer speed allows the self-acceleration mechanism of runaway electrons present between the streamer head and the anode to be realized. As a consequence, the energy of runaway electrons exceeds the cathode-anode gap voltage. In conclusion, the influence of the field emission switching-off time is analyzed. It is obtained that this time significantly influences the discharge dynamics.},

  doi          = {10.1063/1.5021129},

  journal      = {Journal of Applied Physics},

  number       = 8,

  volume       = 123,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Tue Feb 27 00:00:00 EST 2018},

  month        = {Tue Feb 27 00:00:00 EST 2018}

}

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Journal Article:

Free Publicly Available Full Text

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https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5021129

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Cited by: 23 works

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Figures / Tables:

FIG. 1: Electron-H₂ cross sections used in 1D PIC/MCC model.

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Works referenced in this record:

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Works referencing / citing this record:

Demonstration of field emission driven microscale gas breakdown for pulsed voltages using in-situ optical imaging
journal, August 2018

Meng, Guodong; Gao, Xinyu; Loveless, Amanda M.
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Displacement current during the formation of positive streamers in atmospheric pressure air with a highly inhomogeneous electric field
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Beloplotov, Dmitry V.; Lomaev, Mikhail I.; Sorokin, Dmitry A.
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Spatio-temporal dynamics of pulsed gas breakdown in microgaps
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Meng, Guodong; Ying, Qi; Loveless, Amanda M.
Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 26, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1063/1.5081009

Mechanism of sub-nanosecond pulsed breakdown of pressurized nitrogen
journal, August 2019

Levko, Dmitry
Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 126, Issue 8
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Generation and registration of runaway electron beams during the breakdown of highly overvoltaged gaps filled with dense gases
journal, August 2018

Tarasenko, Victor F.; Baksht, Evgenii Kh; Beloplotov, Dmitry V.
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 51, Issue 42
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E-beam generation in discharges initiated by voltage pulses with a rise time of 200 ns at an air pressure of 12.5–100 kPa
journal, March 2019

Tarasenko, Victor; Beloplotov, Dmitry; Lomaev, Mikhail
Plasma Science and Technology, Vol. 21, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1088/2058-6272/ab079b

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Similar Records

Title: Particle-in-cell modeling of the nanosecond field emission driven discharge in pressurized hydrogen

Abstract

Citation Formats

Figures / Tables:

High-voltage nanosecond discharge in a dense gas at a high overvoltage with runaway electrons journal, July 1990

The electron runaway mechanism in dense gases and the production of high-power subnanosecond electron beams journal, September 2004

On the Nature of Picosecond Runaway Electron Beams in Air journal, June 2009

On the parameters of runaway electron beams and on electrons with an “anomalous” energy at a subnanosecond breakdown of gases at atmospheric pressure journal, September 2015

Method to increase the simulation speed of particle-in-cell (PIC) code journal, December 2001

Abnormal polarity effect in nanosecond-pulse breakdown of SF6 and nitrogen journal, May 2014

Numerical simulations of runaway electron generation in pressurized gases journal, January 2012

Anomalous electrons in vacuum diodes journal, March 2011

Supershort Avalanche Electron Beams and X-rays in Atmospheric-Pressure Air journal, April 2010

The role of fast electrons in diffuse discharge formation: Monte Carlo simulation journal, August 2017

On the propagation of streamers in electrical discharges journal, October 2014

Effect of cathode emissivity on runaway electron beam formation in gas-filled diode with inhomogeneous electric field journal, January 2011

Simulation of subnanosecond streamers in atmospheric-pressure air: Effects of polarity of applied voltage pulse journal, August 2016

Diffuse discharge produced by repetitive nanosecond pulses in open air, nitrogen, and helium journal, March 2013

Effect of the cathode material on the amplitude of the ultrashort avalanche electron beam in atmospheric-pressure air journal, November 2015

Electric Field in a Plasma Channel in a High-Pressure Nanosecond Discharge in Hydrogen: A Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Study journal, December 2013

Gas Discharge Physics book, January 1991

Plasma density evolution during nanosecond discharge in hydrogen gas at (1–3) × 10 5 Pa pressure journal, May 2014

Initial stage of gas discharge in an inhomogeneous electric field journal, May 2008

Effect of cathode materials on the generation of runaway electron beams and X-rays in atmospheric pressure air journal, May 2013

Influence of field emission on the propagation of cylindrical fast ionization wave in atmospheric-pressure nitrogen journal, April 2016

Generation of a Picosecond Runaway Electron Beam in a Gas Gap With a Nonuniform Field journal, October 2008

A comparison of 3D particle, fluid and hybrid simulations for negative streamers journal, September 2012

Mechanism for the streamer propagation toward the anode and cathode due to background electron multiplication journal, September 2004

2D positive streamer modelling in NTP air under extreme pulse fronts. What about runaway electrons? journal, October 2016

Streak investigations of the initial phase of a subnanosecond pulsed electrical breakdown of high-pressure gas gaps journal, July 2010

Whether abnormal energy electrons are being produced in electric discharges in dense gases? journal, June 2015

Space- and time-resolved characterization of nanosecond time scale discharge at pressurized gas journal, April 2011

Towards a fully kinetic 3D electromagnetic particle-in-cell model of streamer formation and dynamics in high-pressure electronegative gases journal, September 2011

Gas discharge physics journal, August 1993

Generation of a Picosecond Runaway Electron Beam in a Gas Gap With a Nonuniform Field journal, January 2008

The electron runaway mechanism in dense gases and the production of high-power subnanosecond electron beams [Mekhanizm ubeganiya elektronov v plotnykh gazakh i formirovanie moshchnykh subnanosekundnykh elektronnykh puchkov] journal, January 2004

Numerical simulations of runaway electron generation in pressurized gases text, January 2011

Demonstration of field emission driven microscale gas breakdown for pulsed voltages using in-situ optical imaging journal, August 2018

Displacement current during the formation of positive streamers in atmospheric pressure air with a highly inhomogeneous electric field journal, August 2018

Spatio-temporal dynamics of pulsed gas breakdown in microgaps journal, January 2019

Mechanism of sub-nanosecond pulsed breakdown of pressurized nitrogen journal, August 2019

Generation and registration of runaway electron beams during the breakdown of highly overvoltaged gaps filled with dense gases journal, August 2018

E-beam generation in discharges initiated by voltage pulses with a rise time of 200 ns at an air pressure of 12.5–100 kPa journal, March 2019

High-voltage nanosecond discharge in a dense gas at a high overvoltage with runaway electrons
journal, July 1990

The electron runaway mechanism in dense gases and the production of high-power subnanosecond electron beams
journal, September 2004

On the Nature of Picosecond Runaway Electron Beams in Air
journal, June 2009

On the parameters of runaway electron beams and on electrons with an “anomalous” energy at a subnanosecond breakdown of gases at atmospheric pressure
journal, September 2015

Method to increase the simulation speed of particle-in-cell (PIC) code
journal, December 2001

Abnormal polarity effect in nanosecond-pulse breakdown of SF6 and nitrogen
journal, May 2014

Numerical simulations of runaway electron generation in pressurized gases
journal, January 2012

Anomalous electrons in vacuum diodes
journal, March 2011

Supershort Avalanche Electron Beams and X-rays in Atmospheric-Pressure Air
journal, April 2010

The role of fast electrons in diffuse discharge formation: Monte Carlo simulation
journal, August 2017

On the propagation of streamers in electrical discharges
journal, October 2014

Effect of cathode emissivity on runaway electron beam formation in gas-filled diode with inhomogeneous electric field
journal, January 2011

Simulation of subnanosecond streamers in atmospheric-pressure air: Effects of polarity of applied voltage pulse
journal, August 2016

Diffuse discharge produced by repetitive nanosecond pulses in open air, nitrogen, and helium
journal, March 2013

Effect of the cathode material on the amplitude of the ultrashort avalanche electron beam in atmospheric-pressure air
journal, November 2015

Electric Field in a Plasma Channel in a High-Pressure Nanosecond Discharge in Hydrogen: A Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Study
journal, December 2013

Gas Discharge Physics
book, January 1991

Plasma density evolution during nanosecond discharge in hydrogen gas at (1–3) × 10 ⁵ Pa pressure
journal, May 2014

Initial stage of gas discharge in an inhomogeneous electric field
journal, May 2008

Effect of cathode materials on the generation of runaway electron beams and X-rays in atmospheric pressure air
journal, May 2013

Influence of field emission on the propagation of cylindrical fast ionization wave in atmospheric-pressure nitrogen
journal, April 2016

Generation of a Picosecond Runaway Electron Beam in a Gas Gap With a Nonuniform Field
journal, October 2008

A comparison of 3D particle, fluid and hybrid simulations for negative streamers
journal, September 2012

Mechanism for the streamer propagation toward the anode and cathode due to background electron multiplication
journal, September 2004

2D positive streamer modelling in NTP air under extreme pulse fronts. What about runaway electrons?
journal, October 2016

Streak investigations of the initial phase of a subnanosecond pulsed electrical breakdown of high-pressure gas gaps
journal, July 2010

Whether abnormal energy electrons are being produced in electric discharges in dense gases?
journal, June 2015

Space- and time-resolved characterization of nanosecond time scale discharge at pressurized gas
journal, April 2011

Towards a fully kinetic 3D electromagnetic particle-in-cell model of streamer formation and dynamics in high-pressure electronegative gases
journal, September 2011

Gas discharge physics
journal, August 1993

Generation of a Picosecond Runaway Electron Beam in a Gas Gap With a Nonuniform Field
journal, January 2008

The electron runaway mechanism in dense gases and the production of high-power subnanosecond electron beams [Mekhanizm ubeganiya elektronov v plotnykh gazakh i formirovanie moshchnykh subnanosekundnykh elektronnykh puchkov]
journal, January 2004

Numerical simulations of runaway electron generation in pressurized gases
text, January 2011

Demonstration of field emission driven microscale gas breakdown for pulsed voltages using in-situ optical imaging
journal, August 2018

Displacement current during the formation of positive streamers in atmospheric pressure air with a highly inhomogeneous electric field
journal, August 2018

Spatio-temporal dynamics of pulsed gas breakdown in microgaps
journal, January 2019

Mechanism of sub-nanosecond pulsed breakdown of pressurized nitrogen
journal, August 2019

Generation and registration of runaway electron beams during the breakdown of highly overvoltaged gaps filled with dense gases
journal, August 2018

E-beam generation in discharges initiated by voltage pulses with a rise time of 200 ns at an air pressure of 12.5–100 kPa
journal, March 2019