Direct observation of a two-dimensional hole gas at oxide interfaces

Lee, H.; Campbell, N.; Lee, J.; Asel, T. J.; Paudel, T. R.; Zhou, H.; Lee, J. W.; Noesges, B.; Seo, J.; Park, B.; Brillson, L. J.; Oh, S. H.; Tsymbal, E. Y.; Rzchowski, M. S.; Eom, C. B.

doi:10.1038/s41563-017-0002-4

Title: Direct observation of a two-dimensional hole gas at oxide interfaces

Journal Article · 05 February 2018 · Nature Materials

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-017-0002-4 · OSTI ID:1469800

Lee, H. ^[1]; Campbell, N. ^[2]; Lee, J. ^[3]; Asel, T. J. ^[4]; Paudel, T. R. ^[5]; Zhou, H. ^[6]; Lee, J. W. ^[1]; Noesges, B. ^[4]; Seo, J. ^[3];

^[7]; Brillson, L. J. ^[8]; Oh, S. H. ^[3]; Tsymbal, E. Y. ^[5]; Rzchowski, M. S. ^[2]; Eom, C. B. ^[1]

Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States). Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering
Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States). Dept. of Physics
Sungkyunkwan Univ., Suwon (Republic of Korea). Dept. of Energy Science
The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States). Dept. of Physics
Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE (United States). Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS), X-Ray Science Division
Sungkyunkwan Univ., Suwon (Republic of Korea). Dept. of Energy Science; Pohang Univ. of Science and Technology (POSTECH) (Korea, Republic of). Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering
The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States). Dept. of Physics; The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States). Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering

The discovery of a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) at the LaAlO₃/SrTiO₃ interface has resulted in the observation of many properties not present in conventional semiconductor heterostructures, and so become a focal point for device applications. Its counterpart, the two-dimensional hole gas (2DHG), is expected to complement the 2DEG. However, although the 2DEG has been widely observed, the 2DHG has proved elusive. Here in this paper we demonstrate a highly mobile 2DHG in epitaxially grown SrTiO₃/LaAlO₃/SrTiO₃ heterostructures. Using electrical transport measurements and in-line electron holography, we provide direct evidence of a 2DHG that coexists with a 2DEG at complementary heterointerfaces in the same structure. First-principles calculations, coherent Bragg rod analysis and depth-resolved cathodoluminescence spectroscopy consistently support our finding that to eliminate ionic point defects is key to realizing a 2DHG. Lastly, the coexistence of a 2DEG and a 2DHG in a single oxide heterostructure provides a platform for the exciting physics of confined electron-hole systems and for developing applications.

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Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357; FG02-06ER46327

OSTI ID:: 1469800

Journal Information:: Nature Materials, Journal Name: Nature Materials Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 17; ISSN 1476-1122

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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