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Title: Hitomi X-ray observation of the pulsar wind nebula G21.5–0.9

Abstract

Here, we present results from the Hitomi X-ray observation of a young composite-type supernova remnant (SNR) G21.5–0.9, whose emission is dominated by the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) contribution. The X-ray spectra in the 0.8–80 keV range obtained with the Soft X-ray Spectrometer (SXS), Soft X-ray Imager, and Hard X-ray Imager (HXI) show a significant break in the continuum as previously found with the NuSTAR observation. After taking into account all known emissions from the SNR other than the PWN itself, we find that the Hitomi spectra can be fitted with a broken power law with photon indices of Γ1 = 1.74 ± 0.02 and Γ2 = 2.14 ± 0.01 below and above the break at 7.1 ± 0.3 keV, which is significantly lower than the NuSTAR result (~9.0 keV). The spectral break cannot be reproduced by time-dependent particle injection one-zone spectral energy distribution models, which strongly indicates that a more complex emission model is needed, as suggested by recent theoretical models. We also search for narrow emission or absorption lines with the SXS, and perform a timing analysis of PSR J1833–1034 with the HXI and the Soft Gamma-ray Detector. No significant pulsation is found from the pulsar. However, unexpectedly, narrowmore » absorption line features are detected in the SXS data at 4.2345 keV and 9.296 keV with a significance of 3.65 σ. While the origin of these features is not understood, their mere detection opens up a new field of research and was only possible with the high resolution, sensitivity, and ability to measure extended sources provided by an X-ray microcalorimeter.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [6];  [7];  [8];  [9];  [10];  [4];  [11];  [12];  [10];  [13];  [14];  [5];  [15];  [2];  [2] more »;  [2];  [2];  [16];  [17];  [17];  [5];  [18];  [19];  [20];  [6];  [11];  [21];  [22];  [23];  [24];  [25];  [26];  [2];  [27];  [2];  [28];  [29];  [30];  [31];  [31];  [32];  [33];  [34];  [35];  [36];  [5];  [37];  [38];  [19];  [17];  [39];  [17];  [17];  [17];  [19];  [17];  [40];  [5];  [41];  [42];  [43];  [44];  [5];  [5];  [22];  [37];  [45];  [30];  [17];  [46];  [17];  [47];  [48];  [49];  [34];  [27];  [50];  [31];  [51];  [52];  [53];  [28];  [54];  [17];  [27];  [55];  [5];  [35];  [56];  [57];  [58];  [2];  [10];  [59];  [50];  [17];  [34];  [60];  [61];  [5];  [32];  [31];  [62];  [63];  [17];  [35];  [64];  [55];  [9];  [65];  [66];  [67];  [54];  [19];  [22];  [5];  [65];  [17];  [68];  [6];  [5];  [20];  [5];  [31];  [63];  [69];  [37];  [5];  [56];  [17];  [56];  [17];  [70];  [47];  [5];  [19];  [55];  [17];  [11];  [5];  [71];  [17];  [44];  [72];  [3];  [22];  [17];  [60];  [17];  [73];  [17];  [46];  [74];  [22];  [75];  [34];  [75];  [7];  [76];  [17];  [43];  [17];  [35];  [46];  [46];  [77];  [37];  [17];  [50];  [78];  [72];  [24];  [17];  [79];  [54];  [53];  [19];  [52];  [80];  [17];  [32];  [65];  [31];  [44];  [21];  [81];  [59];  [82];  [17];  [9];  [69] « less
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland; Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, 69029 Heidelberg, Germany; Gran Sasso Science Institute, viale Francesco Crispi, 7 67100 L’Aquila (AQ), Italy
  2. SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Sorbonnelaan 2, 3584 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands
  3. Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
  4. Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Physics, Stanford University, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
  5. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
  6. Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d’Écogia 16, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland
  7. Department of Physics, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
  8. Department of Physics and Oskar Klein Center, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
  9. Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Research Center for the Early Universe, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
  10. Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
  11. Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, 60 Garden St., MS-4. Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
  12. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
  13. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, 666 W. Hancock St, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
  14. Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
  15. Department of Astronomy, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8101, USA; Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8120, USA
  16. Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
  17. Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshino-dai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
  18. Department of Astronomy, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8302, Japan
  19. Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
  20. Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, UK
  21. Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
  22. School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
  23. Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
  24. Physics Department, University of Miami, 1320 Campo Sano Dr., Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
  25. Department of Astronomy and Physics, Saint Mary’s University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 3C3, Canada
  26. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
  27. Laboratoire APC, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75013 Paris, France; CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
  28. European Space Research and Technology Center, Keplerlaan 1 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands
  29. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aichi University of Education, 1 Hirosawa, Igaya-cho, Kariya, Aichi 448-8543, Japan
  30. Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
  31. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Department of Physics, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
  32. Department of Applied Physics and Electronic Engineering, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
  33. Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshino-dai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan; Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
  34. Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
  35. Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
  36. Department of Physics, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
  37. Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
  38. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, 136 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
  39. Meisei University, 2-1-1 Hodokubo, Hino, Tokyo 191-8506, Japan
  40. SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Sorbonnelaan 2, 3584 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands; Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
  41. Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
  42. Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
  43. Department of Physics, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
  44. Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
  45. Department of Physics, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
  46. Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-Cho, Sakyo, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
  47. European Space Astronomy Center, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
  48. Universities Space Research Association, 7178 Columbia Gateway Drive, Columbia, MD 21046, USA; National Science Foundation, 4201 Wilson Blvd, Arlington, VA 22230, USA
  49. Department of Electronic Information Systems, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
  50. Department of Astronomy, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
  51. CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
  52. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
  53. Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
  54. Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
  55. Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
  56. Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
  57. Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
  58. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
  59. Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, 1085 South University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
  60. Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
  61. School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan; Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
  62. Faculty of Liberal Arts, Tohoku Gakuin University, 2-1-1 Tenjinzawa, Izumi-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 981-3193, Japan
  63. Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
  64. Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
  65. Department of Physics, Nara Women’s University, Kitauoyanishi-machi, Nara, Nara 630-8506, Japan
  66. Department of Teacher Training and School Education, Nara University of Education, Takabatake-cho, Nara, Nara 630-8528, Japan
  67. Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramakiazaaoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan; Astronomical Institute, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramakiazaaoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
  68. Astrophysics Laboratory, Columbia University, 550 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA
  69. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
  70. Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
  71. Astronomical Observatory of Jagiellonian University, ul. Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
  72. Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8120, USA
  73. RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
  74. Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse 1, 85748 Garching , Germany; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshino-dai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
  75. Department of Physics, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
  76. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Department of Physics, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA; Department of Physics, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, I-00133 Rome, Italy
  77. Faculty of Education, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
  78. Faculty of Health Sciences, Nihon Fukushi University, 26-2 Higashi Haemi-cho, Handa, Aichi 475-0012, Japan
  79. MTA-Eötvös University Lendület Hot Universe Research Group, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest, 1117, Hungary; Department of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, 611 37, Czech Republic; School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
  80. Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan; Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
  81. Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Physics, Stanford University, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
  82. Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshino-dai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE
Contributing Org.:
Hitomi Collaboration
OSTI Identifier:
1468967
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-76SF00515; JP15H00773; JP15H00785; JP15H02070; JP15H02090; JP15H03639; JP15H03641; JP15H03642; JP15H05438; JP15H06896; JP15K05107; JP15K17610; JP15K17657; JP16H00949; JP16H03983; JP16H06342; JP16J02333; JP16K05295; JP16K05296; JP16K05300; JP16K05309; JP16K13787; JP16K17667; JP16K17672; JP16K17673; JP17H02864; JP17K05393; JP21659292; JP23340055; JP23340071; JP23540280; JP24105007; JP24540232; JP25105516; JP25109004; JP25247028; JP25287042; JP25400236; JP25800119; JP26109506; JP26220703; JP26400228; JP26610047; JP26800102; NNX15AC76G; NNX15AE16G; NNX15AK71G; NNX15AU54G; NNX15AW94G; NNG15PP48P; ST/L00075X/1; 340442; PF6-170160
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 70; Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 0004-6264
Publisher:
Astronomical Society of Japan
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; ISM: supernova remnants; (stars:) pulsars: individual; ISM: individual objects (except planetary nebulae)

Citation Formats

Aharonian, Felix, Akamatsu, Hiroki, Akimoto, Fumie, Allen, Steven W., Angelini, Lorella, Audard, Marc, Awaki, Hisamitsu, Axelsson, Magnus, Bamba, Aya, Bautz, Marshall W., Blandford, Roger, Brenneman, Laura W., Brown, Gregory V., Bulbul, Esra, Cackett, Edward M., Chernyakova, Maria, Chiao, Meng P., Coppi, Paolo S., Costantini, Elisa, de Plaa, Jelle, de Vries, Cor P., den Herder, Jan-Willem, Done, Chris, Dotani, Tadayasu, Ebisawa, Ken, Eckart, Megan E., Enoto, Teruaki, Ezoe, Yuichiro, Fabian, Andrew C., Ferrigno, Carlo, Foster, Adam R., Fujimoto, Ryuichi, Fukazawa, Yasushi, Furuzawa, Akihiro, Galeazzi, Massimiliano, Gallo, Luigi C., Gandhi, Poshak, Giustini, Margherita, Goldwurm, Andrea, Gu, Liyi, Guainazzi, Matteo, Haba, Yoshito, Hagino, Kouichi, Hamaguchi, Kenji, Harrus, Ilana M., Hatsukade, Isamu, Hayashi, Katsuhiro, Hayashi, Takayuki, Hayashida, Kiyoshi, Hiraga, Junko S., Hornschemeier, Ann, Hoshino, Akio, Hughes, John P., Ichinohe, Yuto, Iizuka, Ryo, Inoue, Hajime, Inoue, Yoshiyuki, Ishida, Manabu, Ishikawa, Kumi, Ishisaki, Yoshitaka, Iwai, Masachika, Kaastra, Jelle, Kallman, Tim, Kamae, Tsuneyoshi, Kataoka, Jun, Katsuda, Satoru, Kawai, Nobuyuki, Kelley, Richard L., Kilbourne, Caroline A., Kitaguchi, Takao, Kitamoto, Shunji, Kitayama, Tetsu, Kohmura, Takayoshi, Kokubun, Motohide, Koyama, Katsuji, Koyama, Shu, Kretschmar, Peter, Krimm, Hans A., Kubota, Aya, Kunieda, Hideyo, Laurent, Philippe, Lee, Shiu-Hang, Leutenegger, Maurice A., Limousin, Olivier, Loewenstein, Michael, Long, Knox S., Lumb, David, Madejski, Greg, Maeda, Yoshitomo, Maier, Daniel, Makishima, Kazuo, Markevitch, Maxim, Matsumoto, Hironori, Matsushita, Kyoko, McCammon, Dan, McNamara, Brian R., Mehdipour, Missagh, Miller, Eric D., Miller, Jon M., Mineshige, Shin, Mitsuda, Kazuhisa, Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki, Miyazawa, Takuya, Mizuno, Tsunefumi, Mori, Hideyuki, Mori, Koji, Mukai, Koji, Murakami, Hiroshi, Mushotzky, Richard F., Nakagawa, Takao, Nakajima, Hiroshi, Nakamori, Takeshi, Nakashima, Shinya, Nakazawa, Kazuhiro, Nobukawa, Kumiko K., Nobukawa, Masayoshi, Noda, Hirofumi, Odaka, Hirokazu, Ohashi, Takaya, Ohno, Masanori, Okajima, Takashi, Ota, Naomi, Ozaki, Masanobu, Paerels, Frits, Paltani, Stéphane, Petre, Robert, Pinto, Ciro, Porter, Frederick S., Pottschmidt, Katja, Reynolds, Christopher S., Safi-Harb, Samar, Saito, Shinya, Sakai, Kazuhiro, Sasaki, Toru, Sato, Goro, Sato, Kosuke, Sato, Rie, Sawada, Makoto, Schartel, Norbert, Serlemtsos, Peter J., Seta, Hiromi, Shidatsu, Megumi, Simionescu, Aurora, Smith, Randall K., Soong, Yang, Stawarz, Łukasz, Sugawara, Yasuharu, Sugita, Satoshi, Szymkowiak, Andrew, Tajima, Hiroyasu, Takahashi, Hiromitsu, Takahashi, Tadayuki, Takeda, Shin’ichiro, Takei, Yoh, Tamagawa, Toru, Tamura, Takayuki, Tanaka, Takaaki, Tanaka, Yasuo, Tanaka, Yasuyuki T., Tashiro, Makoto S., Tawara, Yuzuru, Terada, Yukikatsu, Terashima, Yuichi, Tombesi, Francesco, Tomida, Hiroshi, Tsuboi, Yohko, Tsujimoto, Masahiro, Tsunemi, Hiroshi, Tsuru, Takeshi Go, Uchida, Hiroyuki, Uchiyama, Hideki, Uchiyama, Yasunobu, Ueda, Shutaro, Ueda, Yoshihiro, Uno, Shin’ichiro, Urry, C. Megan, Ursino, Eugenio, Watanabe, Shin, Werner, Norbert, Wilkins, Dan R., Williams, Brian J., Yamada, Shinya, Yamaguchi, Hiroya, Yamaoka, Kazutaka, Yamasaki, Noriko Y., Yamauchi, Makoto, Yamauchi, Shigeo, Yaqoob, Tahir, Yatsu, Yoichi, Yonetoku, Daisuke, Zhuravleva, Irina, Zoghbi, Abderahmen, Sato, Toshiki, Nakaniwa, Nozomu, Murakami, Hiroaki, and Guest, Benson. Hitomi X-ray observation of the pulsar wind nebula G21.5–0.9. United States: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.1093/pasj/psy027.
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Aharonian, Felix, Akamatsu, Hiroki, Akimoto, Fumie, Allen, Steven W., Angelini, Lorella, Audard, Marc, Awaki, Hisamitsu, Axelsson, Magnus, Bamba, Aya, Bautz, Marshall W., Blandford, Roger, Brenneman, Laura W., Brown, Gregory V., Bulbul, Esra, Cackett, Edward M., Chernyakova, Maria, Chiao, Meng P., Coppi, Paolo S., Costantini, Elisa, de Plaa, Jelle, de Vries, Cor P., den Herder, Jan-Willem, Done, Chris, Dotani, Tadayasu, Ebisawa, Ken, Eckart, Megan E., Enoto, Teruaki, Ezoe, Yuichiro, Fabian, Andrew C., Ferrigno, Carlo, Foster, Adam R., Fujimoto, Ryuichi, Fukazawa, Yasushi, Furuzawa, Akihiro, Galeazzi, Massimiliano, Gallo, Luigi C., Gandhi, Poshak, Giustini, Margherita, Goldwurm, Andrea, Gu, Liyi, Guainazzi, Matteo, Haba, Yoshito, Hagino, Kouichi, Hamaguchi, Kenji, Harrus, Ilana M., Hatsukade, Isamu, Hayashi, Katsuhiro, Hayashi, Takayuki, Hayashida, Kiyoshi, Hiraga, Junko S., Hornschemeier, Ann, Hoshino, Akio, Hughes, John P., Ichinohe, Yuto, Iizuka, Ryo, Inoue, Hajime, Inoue, Yoshiyuki, Ishida, Manabu, Ishikawa, Kumi, Ishisaki, Yoshitaka, Iwai, Masachika, Kaastra, Jelle, Kallman, Tim, Kamae, Tsuneyoshi, Kataoka, Jun, Katsuda, Satoru, Kawai, Nobuyuki, Kelley, Richard L., Kilbourne, Caroline A., Kitaguchi, Takao, Kitamoto, Shunji, Kitayama, Tetsu, Kohmura, Takayoshi, Kokubun, Motohide, Koyama, Katsuji, Koyama, Shu, Kretschmar, Peter, Krimm, Hans A., Kubota, Aya, Kunieda, Hideyo, Laurent, Philippe, Lee, Shiu-Hang, Leutenegger, Maurice A., Limousin, Olivier, Loewenstein, Michael, Long, Knox S., Lumb, David, Madejski, Greg, Maeda, Yoshitomo, Maier, Daniel, Makishima, Kazuo, Markevitch, Maxim, Matsumoto, Hironori, Matsushita, Kyoko, McCammon, Dan, McNamara, Brian R., Mehdipour, Missagh, Miller, Eric D., Miller, Jon M., Mineshige, Shin, Mitsuda, Kazuhisa, Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki, Miyazawa, Takuya, Mizuno, Tsunefumi, Mori, Hideyuki, Mori, Koji, Mukai, Koji, Murakami, Hiroshi, Mushotzky, Richard F., Nakagawa, Takao, Nakajima, Hiroshi, Nakamori, Takeshi, Nakashima, Shinya, Nakazawa, Kazuhiro, Nobukawa, Kumiko K., Nobukawa, Masayoshi, Noda, Hirofumi, Odaka, Hirokazu, Ohashi, Takaya, Ohno, Masanori, Okajima, Takashi, Ota, Naomi, Ozaki, Masanobu, Paerels, Frits, Paltani, Stéphane, Petre, Robert, Pinto, Ciro, Porter, Frederick S., Pottschmidt, Katja, Reynolds, Christopher S., Safi-Harb, Samar, Saito, Shinya, Sakai, Kazuhiro, Sasaki, Toru, Sato, Goro, Sato, Kosuke, Sato, Rie, Sawada, Makoto, Schartel, Norbert, Serlemtsos, Peter J., Seta, Hiromi, Shidatsu, Megumi, Simionescu, Aurora, Smith, Randall K., Soong, Yang, Stawarz, Łukasz, Sugawara, Yasuharu, Sugita, Satoshi, Szymkowiak, Andrew, Tajima, Hiroyasu, Takahashi, Hiromitsu, Takahashi, Tadayuki, Takeda, Shin’ichiro, Takei, Yoh, Tamagawa, Toru, Tamura, Takayuki, Tanaka, Takaaki, Tanaka, Yasuo, Tanaka, Yasuyuki T., Tashiro, Makoto S., Tawara, Yuzuru, Terada, Yukikatsu, Terashima, Yuichi, Tombesi, Francesco, Tomida, Hiroshi, Tsuboi, Yohko, Tsujimoto, Masahiro, Tsunemi, Hiroshi, Tsuru, Takeshi Go, Uchida, Hiroyuki, Uchiyama, Hideki, Uchiyama, Yasunobu, Ueda, Shutaro, Ueda, Yoshihiro, Uno, Shin’ichiro, Urry, C. Megan, Ursino, Eugenio, Watanabe, Shin, Werner, Norbert, Wilkins, Dan R., Williams, Brian J., Yamada, Shinya, Yamaguchi, Hiroya, Yamaoka, Kazutaka, Yamasaki, Noriko Y., Yamauchi, Makoto, Yamauchi, Shigeo, Yaqoob, Tahir, Yatsu, Yoichi, Yonetoku, Daisuke, Zhuravleva, Irina, Zoghbi, Abderahmen, Sato, Toshiki, Nakaniwa, Nozomu, Murakami, Hiroaki, & Guest, Benson. Hitomi X-ray observation of the pulsar wind nebula G21.5–0.9. United States. https://doi.org/10.1093/pasj/psy027
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Aharonian, Felix, Akamatsu, Hiroki, Akimoto, Fumie, Allen, Steven W., Angelini, Lorella, Audard, Marc, Awaki, Hisamitsu, Axelsson, Magnus, Bamba, Aya, Bautz, Marshall W., Blandford, Roger, Brenneman, Laura W., Brown, Gregory V., Bulbul, Esra, Cackett, Edward M., Chernyakova, Maria, Chiao, Meng P., Coppi, Paolo S., Costantini, Elisa, de Plaa, Jelle, de Vries, Cor P., den Herder, Jan-Willem, Done, Chris, Dotani, Tadayasu, Ebisawa, Ken, Eckart, Megan E., Enoto, Teruaki, Ezoe, Yuichiro, Fabian, Andrew C., Ferrigno, Carlo, Foster, Adam R., Fujimoto, Ryuichi, Fukazawa, Yasushi, Furuzawa, Akihiro, Galeazzi, Massimiliano, Gallo, Luigi C., Gandhi, Poshak, Giustini, Margherita, Goldwurm, Andrea, Gu, Liyi, Guainazzi, Matteo, Haba, Yoshito, Hagino, Kouichi, Hamaguchi, Kenji, Harrus, Ilana M., Hatsukade, Isamu, Hayashi, Katsuhiro, Hayashi, Takayuki, Hayashida, Kiyoshi, Hiraga, Junko S., Hornschemeier, Ann, Hoshino, Akio, Hughes, John P., Ichinohe, Yuto, Iizuka, Ryo, Inoue, Hajime, Inoue, Yoshiyuki, Ishida, Manabu, Ishikawa, Kumi, Ishisaki, Yoshitaka, Iwai, Masachika, Kaastra, Jelle, Kallman, Tim, Kamae, Tsuneyoshi, Kataoka, Jun, Katsuda, Satoru, Kawai, Nobuyuki, Kelley, Richard L., Kilbourne, Caroline A., Kitaguchi, Takao, Kitamoto, Shunji, Kitayama, Tetsu, Kohmura, Takayoshi, Kokubun, Motohide, Koyama, Katsuji, Koyama, Shu, Kretschmar, Peter, Krimm, Hans A., Kubota, Aya, Kunieda, Hideyo, Laurent, Philippe, Lee, Shiu-Hang, Leutenegger, Maurice A., Limousin, Olivier, Loewenstein, Michael, Long, Knox S., Lumb, David, Madejski, Greg, Maeda, Yoshitomo, Maier, Daniel, Makishima, Kazuo, Markevitch, Maxim, Matsumoto, Hironori, Matsushita, Kyoko, McCammon, Dan, McNamara, Brian R., Mehdipour, Missagh, Miller, Eric D., Miller, Jon M., Mineshige, Shin, Mitsuda, Kazuhisa, Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki, Miyazawa, Takuya, Mizuno, Tsunefumi, Mori, Hideyuki, Mori, Koji, Mukai, Koji, Murakami, Hiroshi, Mushotzky, Richard F., Nakagawa, Takao, Nakajima, Hiroshi, Nakamori, Takeshi, Nakashima, Shinya, Nakazawa, Kazuhiro, Nobukawa, Kumiko K., Nobukawa, Masayoshi, Noda, Hirofumi, Odaka, Hirokazu, Ohashi, Takaya, Ohno, Masanori, Okajima, Takashi, Ota, Naomi, Ozaki, Masanobu, Paerels, Frits, Paltani, Stéphane, Petre, Robert, Pinto, Ciro, Porter, Frederick S., Pottschmidt, Katja, Reynolds, Christopher S., Safi-Harb, Samar, Saito, Shinya, Sakai, Kazuhiro, Sasaki, Toru, Sato, Goro, Sato, Kosuke, Sato, Rie, Sawada, Makoto, Schartel, Norbert, Serlemtsos, Peter J., Seta, Hiromi, Shidatsu, Megumi, Simionescu, Aurora, Smith, Randall K., Soong, Yang, Stawarz, Łukasz, Sugawara, Yasuharu, Sugita, Satoshi, Szymkowiak, Andrew, Tajima, Hiroyasu, Takahashi, Hiromitsu, Takahashi, Tadayuki, Takeda, Shin’ichiro, Takei, Yoh, Tamagawa, Toru, Tamura, Takayuki, Tanaka, Takaaki, Tanaka, Yasuo, Tanaka, Yasuyuki T., Tashiro, Makoto S., Tawara, Yuzuru, Terada, Yukikatsu, Terashima, Yuichi, Tombesi, Francesco, Tomida, Hiroshi, Tsuboi, Yohko, Tsujimoto, Masahiro, Tsunemi, Hiroshi, Tsuru, Takeshi Go, Uchida, Hiroyuki, Uchiyama, Hideki, Uchiyama, Yasunobu, Ueda, Shutaro, Ueda, Yoshihiro, Uno, Shin’ichiro, Urry, C. Megan, Ursino, Eugenio, Watanabe, Shin, Werner, Norbert, Wilkins, Dan R., Williams, Brian J., Yamada, Shinya, Yamaguchi, Hiroya, Yamaoka, Kazutaka, Yamasaki, Noriko Y., Yamauchi, Makoto, Yamauchi, Shigeo, Yaqoob, Tahir, Yatsu, Yoichi, Yonetoku, Daisuke, Zhuravleva, Irina, Zoghbi, Abderahmen, Sato, Toshiki, Nakaniwa, Nozomu, Murakami, Hiroaki, and Guest, Benson. Tue . "Hitomi X-ray observation of the pulsar wind nebula G21.5–0.9". United States. https://doi.org/10.1093/pasj/psy027. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1468967.
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@article{osti_1468967,
title = {Hitomi X-ray observation of the pulsar wind nebula G21.5–0.9},
author = {Aharonian, Felix and Akamatsu, Hiroki and Akimoto, Fumie and Allen, Steven W. and Angelini, Lorella and Audard, Marc and Awaki, Hisamitsu and Axelsson, Magnus and Bamba, Aya and Bautz, Marshall W. and Blandford, Roger and Brenneman, Laura W. and Brown, Gregory V. and Bulbul, Esra and Cackett, Edward M. and Chernyakova, Maria and Chiao, Meng P. and Coppi, Paolo S. and Costantini, Elisa and de Plaa, Jelle and de Vries, Cor P. and den Herder, Jan-Willem and Done, Chris and Dotani, Tadayasu and Ebisawa, Ken and Eckart, Megan E. and Enoto, Teruaki and Ezoe, Yuichiro and Fabian, Andrew C. and Ferrigno, Carlo and Foster, Adam R. and Fujimoto, Ryuichi and Fukazawa, Yasushi and Furuzawa, Akihiro and Galeazzi, Massimiliano and Gallo, Luigi C. and Gandhi, Poshak and Giustini, Margherita and Goldwurm, Andrea and Gu, Liyi and Guainazzi, Matteo and Haba, Yoshito and Hagino, Kouichi and Hamaguchi, Kenji and Harrus, Ilana M. and Hatsukade, Isamu and Hayashi, Katsuhiro and Hayashi, Takayuki and Hayashida, Kiyoshi and Hiraga, Junko S. and Hornschemeier, Ann and Hoshino, Akio and Hughes, John P. and Ichinohe, Yuto and Iizuka, Ryo and Inoue, Hajime and Inoue, Yoshiyuki and Ishida, Manabu and Ishikawa, Kumi and Ishisaki, Yoshitaka and Iwai, Masachika and Kaastra, Jelle and Kallman, Tim and Kamae, Tsuneyoshi and Kataoka, Jun and Katsuda, Satoru and Kawai, Nobuyuki and Kelley, Richard L. and Kilbourne, Caroline A. and Kitaguchi, Takao and Kitamoto, Shunji and Kitayama, Tetsu and Kohmura, Takayoshi and Kokubun, Motohide and Koyama, Katsuji and Koyama, Shu and Kretschmar, Peter and Krimm, Hans A. and Kubota, Aya and Kunieda, Hideyo and Laurent, Philippe and Lee, Shiu-Hang and Leutenegger, Maurice A. and Limousin, Olivier and Loewenstein, Michael and Long, Knox S. and Lumb, David and Madejski, Greg and Maeda, Yoshitomo and Maier, Daniel and Makishima, Kazuo and Markevitch, Maxim and Matsumoto, Hironori and Matsushita, Kyoko and McCammon, Dan and McNamara, Brian R. and Mehdipour, Missagh and Miller, Eric D. and Miller, Jon M. and Mineshige, Shin and Mitsuda, Kazuhisa and Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki and Miyazawa, Takuya and Mizuno, Tsunefumi and Mori, Hideyuki and Mori, Koji and Mukai, Koji and Murakami, Hiroshi and Mushotzky, Richard F. and Nakagawa, Takao and Nakajima, Hiroshi and Nakamori, Takeshi and Nakashima, Shinya and Nakazawa, Kazuhiro and Nobukawa, Kumiko K. and Nobukawa, Masayoshi and Noda, Hirofumi and Odaka, Hirokazu and Ohashi, Takaya and Ohno, Masanori and Okajima, Takashi and Ota, Naomi and Ozaki, Masanobu and Paerels, Frits and Paltani, Stéphane and Petre, Robert and Pinto, Ciro and Porter, Frederick S. and Pottschmidt, Katja and Reynolds, Christopher S. and Safi-Harb, Samar and Saito, Shinya and Sakai, Kazuhiro and Sasaki, Toru and Sato, Goro and Sato, Kosuke and Sato, Rie and Sawada, Makoto and Schartel, Norbert and Serlemtsos, Peter J. and Seta, Hiromi and Shidatsu, Megumi and Simionescu, Aurora and Smith, Randall K. and Soong, Yang and Stawarz, Łukasz and Sugawara, Yasuharu and Sugita, Satoshi and Szymkowiak, Andrew and Tajima, Hiroyasu and Takahashi, Hiromitsu and Takahashi, Tadayuki and Takeda, Shin’ichiro and Takei, Yoh and Tamagawa, Toru and Tamura, Takayuki and Tanaka, Takaaki and Tanaka, Yasuo and Tanaka, Yasuyuki T. and Tashiro, Makoto S. and Tawara, Yuzuru and Terada, Yukikatsu and Terashima, Yuichi and Tombesi, Francesco and Tomida, Hiroshi and Tsuboi, Yohko and Tsujimoto, Masahiro and Tsunemi, Hiroshi and Tsuru, Takeshi Go and Uchida, Hiroyuki and Uchiyama, Hideki and Uchiyama, Yasunobu and Ueda, Shutaro and Ueda, Yoshihiro and Uno, Shin’ichiro and Urry, C. Megan and Ursino, Eugenio and Watanabe, Shin and Werner, Norbert and Wilkins, Dan R. and Williams, Brian J. and Yamada, Shinya and Yamaguchi, Hiroya and Yamaoka, Kazutaka and Yamasaki, Noriko Y. and Yamauchi, Makoto and Yamauchi, Shigeo and Yaqoob, Tahir and Yatsu, Yoichi and Yonetoku, Daisuke and Zhuravleva, Irina and Zoghbi, Abderahmen and Sato, Toshiki and Nakaniwa, Nozomu and Murakami, Hiroaki and Guest, Benson},
abstractNote = {Here, we present results from the Hitomi X-ray observation of a young composite-type supernova remnant (SNR) G21.5–0.9, whose emission is dominated by the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) contribution. The X-ray spectra in the 0.8–80 keV range obtained with the Soft X-ray Spectrometer (SXS), Soft X-ray Imager, and Hard X-ray Imager (HXI) show a significant break in the continuum as previously found with the NuSTAR observation. After taking into account all known emissions from the SNR other than the PWN itself, we find that the Hitomi spectra can be fitted with a broken power law with photon indices of Γ1 = 1.74 ± 0.02 and Γ2 = 2.14 ± 0.01 below and above the break at 7.1 ± 0.3 keV, which is significantly lower than the NuSTAR result (~9.0 keV). The spectral break cannot be reproduced by time-dependent particle injection one-zone spectral energy distribution models, which strongly indicates that a more complex emission model is needed, as suggested by recent theoretical models. We also search for narrow emission or absorption lines with the SXS, and perform a timing analysis of PSR J1833–1034 with the HXI and the Soft Gamma-ray Detector. No significant pulsation is found from the pulsar. However, unexpectedly, narrow absorption line features are detected in the SXS data at 4.2345 keV and 9.296 keV with a significance of 3.65 σ. While the origin of these features is not understood, their mere detection opens up a new field of research and was only possible with the high resolution, sensitivity, and ability to measure extended sources provided by an X-ray microcalorimeter.},
doi = {10.1093/pasj/psy027},
journal = {Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan},
number = 3,
volume = 70,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Apr 03 00:00:00 EDT 2018},
month = {Tue Apr 03 00:00:00 EDT 2018}
}
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  • Nynka, Melania; Hailey, Charles J.; Reynolds, Stephen P.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 789, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/789/1/72

First peek of ASTRO-H Soft X-ray Telescope (SXT) in-orbit performance
conference, July 2016

  • Okajima, Takashi; Soong, Yang; Serlemitsos, Peter
  • SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, SPIE Proceedings
  • DOI: 10.1117/12.2231705

On the Evolution of Supernova Remnants. Evolution of the Magnetic Field, Particles, Content, and Luminosity
journal, November 1973

  • Pacini, F.; Salvati, M.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 186
  • DOI: 10.1086/152495

Inverse Compton Emission from Galactic Supernova Remnants: Effect of the Interstellar Radiation Field
journal, August 2006

  • Porter, Troy A.; Moskalenko, Igor V.; Strong, Andrew W.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 648, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1086/507770

Magnetized Iron Atmospheres for Neutron Stars
journal, April 1997

  • Rajagopal, Mohan; Romani, Roger W.; Miller, M. Coleman
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 479, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1086/303865

The Origin of the Magnetic Field and Relativistic Particles in the Crab Nebula
journal, April 1974

  • Rees, M. J.; Gunn, J. E.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 167, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/167.1.1

Evolution of pulsar-driven supernova remnants
journal, March 1984

  • Reynolds, S. P.; Chevalier, R. A.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 278
  • DOI: 10.1086/161831

Maximum Energies of Shock‐accelerated Electrons in Young Shell Supernova Remnants
journal, November 1999

  • Reynolds, Stephen P.; Keohane, Jonathan W.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 525, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1086/307880

X‐Ray Observations of the Supernova Remnant G21.5−0.9
journal, November 2001

  • Safi‐Harb, S.; Harrus, I. M.; Petre, R.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 561, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1086/322978

84 gigahertz observations of five Crab-like supernova remnants
journal, March 1989

  • Salter, C. J.; Reynolds, S. P.; Hogg, D. E.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 338
  • DOI: 10.1086/167191

[ITAL]Chandra[/ITAL] Observations of the Crab-like Supernova Remnant G21.5−0.9
journal, April 2000

  • Slane, Patrick; Chen, Yang; Schulz, Norbert S.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 533, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1086/312589

ASTRO-H Soft X-ray Telescope (SXT)
conference, July 2014

  • Soong, Yang; Okajima, Takashi; Serlemitsos, Peter J.
  • SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, SPIE Proceedings
  • DOI: 10.1117/12.2056804

The ASTRO-H (Hitomi) x-ray astronomy satellite
conference, July 2016

  • Takahashi, Tadayuki; Kokubun, Motohide; Mitsuda, Kazuhisa
  • SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, SPIE Proceedings
  • DOI: 10.1117/12.2232379

On the Radio-emitting Particles of the Crab Nebula: Stochastic Acceleration Model
journal, May 2017

A Model of the Spectral Evolution of Pulsar wind Nebulae
journal, May 2010

STUDY OF FOUR YOUNG TeV PULSAR WIND NEBULAE WITH A SPECTRAL EVOLUTION MODEL
journal, October 2011

Soft X-ray Imager aboard Hitomi (ASTRO-H)
journal, January 2018

  • Tanaka, Takaaki; Uchida, Hiroyuki; Nakajima, Hiroshi
  • Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems, Vol. 4, Issue 01
  • DOI: 10.1117/1.JATIS.4.1.011211

Particle Transport in Young Pulsar wind Nebulae
journal, May 2012

Time assignment system and its performance aboard the Hitomi satellite
journal, December 2017

  • Terada, Yukikatsu; Yamaguchi, Sunao; Sugimoto, Shigenobu
  • Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems, Vol. 4, Issue 01
  • DOI: 10.1117/1.JATIS.4.1.011206

Cross-calibration of the X-ray instruments onboard the Chandra , INTEGRAL, RXTE, Suzaku, Swift , and XMM- Newton observatories using G21.5–0.9
journal, November 2010

Magnetars: the physics behind observations. A review
journal, October 2015

The Effect of Diffusion on the Particle Spectra in Pulsar wind Nebulae
journal, February 2013

The extended X-ray halo of the Crab-like SNR G21.5-0.9
journal, January 2001

The soft gamma-ray detector (SGD) onboard ASTRO-H
conference, July 2016

  • Watanabe, Shin; Tajima, Hiroyasu; Fukazawa, Yasushi
  • SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, SPIE Proceedings
  • DOI: 10.1117/12.2231962

On the Absorption of X‐Rays in the Interstellar Medium
journal, October 2000

  • Wilms, J.; Allen, A.; McCray, R.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 542, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1086/317016

Nonthermal Radiation from Pulsar Wind Nebulae
journal, April 2008

  • Zhang, L.; Chen, S. B.; Fang, J.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 676, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1086/527466

Analytical solutions for energy spectra of electrons accelerated by nonrelativistic shock-waves in shell type supernova remnants
journal, January 2007

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    Outflow and Emission Model of Pulsar Wind Nebulae with the Back Reaction of Particle Diffusion
    journal, November 2018

    • Ishizaki, Wataru; Asano, Katsuaki; Kawaguchi, Kyohei
    • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 867, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aae389

    Outflow and Emission Model of Pulsar Wind Nebulae with the Back-reaction of Particle Diffusion
    text, January 2018

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