Deep SOAR follow-up photometry of two Milky Way outer-halo companions discovered with Dark Energy Survey

Luque, Elmer; Santiago, B.; Pieres, A.; Marshall, J. L.; Pace, A. B.; Kron, R.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Queiroz, A.; Balbinot, E.; dal Ponte, M.; Fausti Neto, A.; da Costa, L. N.; Maia, M. A. G.; Walker, A. R.; Abdalla, F. B.; Allam, S.; Annis, J.; Bechtol, K.; Benoit-Lévy, A.; Bertin, E.; Brooks, D.; Carnero Rosell, A.; Carrasco Kind, M.; Carretero, J.; Crocce, M.; Davis, C.; Doel, P.; Eifler, T. F.; Flaugher, B.; García-Bellido, J.; Gerdes, D. W.; Gruen, D.; Gruendl, R. A.; Gutierrez, G.; Honscheid, K.; James, D. J.; Kuehn, K.; Kuropatkin, N.; Miquel, R.; Nichol, R. C.; Plazas, A. A.; Sanchez, E.; Scarpine, V.; Schindler, R.; Sevilla-Noarbe, I.; Smith, M.; Soares-Santos, M.; Sobreira, F.; Suchyta, E.; Tarle, G.; Thomas, D.

doi:10.1093/mnras/sty1039

Title: Deep SOAR follow-up photometry of two Milky Way outer-halo companions discovered with Dark Energy Survey

Abstract

In this paper, we report the discovery of a new star cluster, DES 3, in the constellation of Indus, and deeper observations of the previously identified satellite DES J0222.7-5217 (Eridanus III). DES 3 was detected as a stellar overdensity in first-year Dark Energy Survey data, and confirmed with deeper photometry from the 4.1-m Southern Astrophysical Research (SOAR) telescope. The new system was detected with a relatively high significance and appears in the DES images as a compact concentration of faint blue point sources. We determine that DES 3 is located at a heliocentric distance of ≃76.2 kpc and it is dominated by an old (≃9.8 Gyr) and metal-poor ([Fe/H] ≃ -1.84) population. While the age and metallicity values of DES 3 are comparable to typical globular clusters (objects with a high stellar density, stellar mass of ~10⁵ M_⊙ and luminosity M_V ~ -7.3), its half-light radius (r_h ~ 6.87 pc) and luminosity (M_V ~ -1.7) are more indicative of faint star cluster. Based on the angular size, DES 3, with a value of r_h ~ 0'.31, is among the smallest faint star clusters known to date. Furthermore, using deeper imaging of DES J0222.7-5217 taken with the SOAR telescope, we updatemore »« less

Authors:

Luque, Elmer ^[1]; Santiago, B. ^[1]; Pieres, A. ^[1]; Marshall, J. L. ^[2]; Pace, A. B. ^[2]; Kron, R. ^[3]; Drlica-Wagner, A. ^[4]; Queiroz, A. ^[1]; Balbinot, E. ^[5]; dal Ponte, M. ^[1]; Fausti Neto, A. ^[6]; da Costa, L. N. ^[7]; Maia, M. A. G. ^[7]; Walker, A. R. ^[8]; Abdalla, F. B. ^[9]; Allam, S. ^[4]; Annis, J. ^[4]; Bechtol, K. ^[10]; Benoit-Lévy, A. ^[11]; Bertin, E. ^[12] more »

Instituto de Física, UFRGS, Porto Alegre (Brazil); Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia - LIneA, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)
Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States). George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, and Department of Physics and Astronomy
Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States). Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics
Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)
University of Surrey, Guildford (United Kingdom). Department of Physics
Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia - LIneA, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)
Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia - LIneA, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil); Observatório Nacional, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)
Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, La Serena (Chile)
University College London (United Kingdom). Department of Physics and Astronomy; Rhodes University, Grahamstown (South Africa). Department of Physics and Electronics
LSST, Tucson, AZ (United States)
University College London (United Kingdom). Department of Physics and Astronomy; CNRS, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris (France). Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris
CNRS, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris (France). Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris
University College London (United Kingdom). Department of Physics and Astronomy
Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL (United States). Department of Astronomy; National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Urbana, IL (United States)
The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB (Spain). Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE)
Institute of Space Sciences, IEEC-CSIC, Campus UAB, Barcelona (Spain)
Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Department of Physics and Jet Propulsion Lab.
Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (Spain). Instituto de Fisica Teorica UAM/CSIC
Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States). Department of Astronomy and Department of Physics
Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology; SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States). Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics and Department of Physics
Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States). Astronomy Department
Australian Astronomical Observatory, North Ryde, NSW (Australia)
University of Portsmouth (United Kingdom). Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation
California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Jet Propulsion Lab.
Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid (Spain)
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
University of Southampton (United Kingdom). School of Physics and Astronomy
Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia - LIneA, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil); Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas (Brazil)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Computer Science and Mathematics Division
Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States). Department of Physics
University of Portsmouth (United Kingdom). Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation,

Publication Date:: 2018-04-25

Research Org.:: SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR)

OSTI Identifier:: 1468950

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1468043

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515; AST-1138766; AST-1536171; AYA2015-71825; ESP2015-88861; FPA2015-68048; SEV-2012-0234; SEV-2016-0597; MDM-2015-0509; 240672; 291329; 306478; AC05-00OR22725

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 478; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 0035-8711

Publisher:: Royal Astronomical Society

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; globular clusters: general; Galaxy: halo

Citation Formats


                    Luque, Elmer, Santiago, B., Pieres, A., Marshall, J. L., Pace, A. B., Kron, R., Drlica-Wagner, A., Queiroz, A., Balbinot, E., dal Ponte, M., Fausti Neto, A., da Costa, L. N., Maia, M. A. G., Walker, A. R., Abdalla, F. B., Allam, S., Annis, J., Bechtol, K., Benoit-Lévy, A., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Carnero Rosell, A., Carrasco Kind, M., Carretero, J., Crocce, M., Davis, C., Doel, P., Eifler, T. F., Flaugher, B., García-Bellido, J., Gerdes, D. W., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gutierrez, G., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Miquel, R., Nichol, R. C., Plazas, A. A., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schindler, R., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, M., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Tarle, G., and Thomas, D. Deep SOAR follow-up photometry of two Milky Way outer-halo companions discovered with Dark Energy Survey.  United States: N. p., 2018. 
Web.  doi:10.1093/mnras/sty1039.

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                    Luque, Elmer, Santiago, B., Pieres, A., Marshall, J. L., Pace, A. B., Kron, R., Drlica-Wagner, A., Queiroz, A., Balbinot, E., dal Ponte, M., Fausti Neto, A., da Costa, L. N., Maia, M. A. G., Walker, A. R., Abdalla, F. B., Allam, S., Annis, J., Bechtol, K., Benoit-Lévy, A., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Carnero Rosell, A., Carrasco Kind, M., Carretero, J., Crocce, M., Davis, C., Doel, P., Eifler, T. F., Flaugher, B., García-Bellido, J., Gerdes, D. W., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gutierrez, G., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Miquel, R., Nichol, R. C., Plazas, A. A., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schindler, R., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, M., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Tarle, G., & Thomas, D. Deep SOAR follow-up photometry of two Milky Way outer-halo companions discovered with Dark Energy Survey.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty1039

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                    Luque, Elmer, Santiago, B., Pieres, A., Marshall, J. L., Pace, A. B., Kron, R., Drlica-Wagner, A., Queiroz, A., Balbinot, E., dal Ponte, M., Fausti Neto, A., da Costa, L. N., Maia, M. A. G., Walker, A. R., Abdalla, F. B., Allam, S., Annis, J., Bechtol, K., Benoit-Lévy, A., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Carnero Rosell, A., Carrasco Kind, M., Carretero, J., Crocce, M., Davis, C., Doel, P., Eifler, T. F., Flaugher, B., García-Bellido, J., Gerdes, D. W., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gutierrez, G., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Miquel, R., Nichol, R. C., Plazas, A. A., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schindler, R., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, M., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Tarle, G., and Thomas, D. Wed .  
"Deep SOAR follow-up photometry of two Milky Way outer-halo companions discovered with Dark Energy Survey".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty1039.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1468950.

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@article{osti_1468950,

  title        = {Deep SOAR follow-up photometry of two Milky Way outer-halo companions discovered with Dark Energy Survey},

  author       = {Luque, Elmer and Santiago, B. and Pieres, A. and Marshall, J. L. and Pace, A. B. and Kron, R. and Drlica-Wagner, A. and Queiroz, A. and Balbinot, E. and dal Ponte, M. and Fausti Neto, A. and da Costa, L. N. and Maia, M. A. G. and Walker, A. R. and Abdalla, F. B. and Allam, S. and Annis, J. and Bechtol, K. and Benoit-Lévy, A. and Bertin, E. and Brooks, D. and Carnero Rosell, A. and Carrasco Kind, M. and Carretero, J. and Crocce, M. and Davis, C. and Doel, P. and Eifler, T. F. and Flaugher, B. and García-Bellido, J. and Gerdes, D. W. and Gruen, D. and Gruendl, R. A. and Gutierrez, G. and Honscheid, K. and James, D. J. and Kuehn, K. and Kuropatkin, N. and Miquel, R. and Nichol, R. C. and Plazas, A. A. and Sanchez, E. and Scarpine, V. and Schindler, R. and Sevilla-Noarbe, I. and Smith, M. and Soares-Santos, M. and Sobreira, F. and Suchyta, E. and Tarle, G. and Thomas, D.},

  abstractNote = {In this paper, we report the discovery of a new star cluster, DES 3, in the constellation of Indus, and deeper observations of the previously identified satellite DES J0222.7-5217 (Eridanus III). DES 3 was detected as a stellar overdensity in first-year Dark Energy Survey data, and confirmed with deeper photometry from the 4.1-m Southern Astrophysical Research (SOAR) telescope. The new system was detected with a relatively high significance and appears in the DES images as a compact concentration of faint blue point sources. We determine that DES 3 is located at a heliocentric distance of ≃76.2 kpc and it is dominated by an old (≃9.8 Gyr) and metal-poor ([Fe/H] ≃ -1.84) population. While the age and metallicity values of DES 3 are comparable to typical globular clusters (objects with a high stellar density, stellar mass of ~105 M⊙ and luminosity MV ~ -7.3), its half-light radius (rh ~ 6.87 pc) and luminosity (MV ~ -1.7) are more indicative of faint star cluster. Based on the angular size, DES 3, with a value of rh ~ 0'.31, is among the smallest faint star clusters known to date. Furthermore, using deeper imaging of DES J0222.7-5217 taken with the SOAR telescope, we update structural parameters and perform the first isochrone modelling. Our analysis yields the first age (≃12.6 Gyr) and metallicity ([Fe/H] ≃ -2.01) estimates for this object. The half-light radius (rh ≃ 11.24 pc) and luminosity (MV ≃ -2.4) of DES J0222.7-5217 suggest that it is likely a faint star cluster. Finally, the discovery of DES 3 indicates that the census of stellar systems in the Milky Way is still far from complete, and demonstrates the power of modern wide-field imaging surveys to improve our knowledge of the Galaxy’s satellite population.},

  doi          = {10.1093/mnras/sty1039},

  journal      = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},

  number       = 2,

  volume       = 478,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2018},

  month        = {4}

}

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Figure 1: DES co-add image cutout of DES 3 taken from the DES Science portal. The 1.58 arcmin×1.58 arcmin image is centred on DES 3. The R,G,B channels correspond to the i, r, g bands.

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DOI: 10.1086/116449

The Discovery of an Ultra-Faint star Cluster in the Constellation of ursa Minor
journal, June 2012

Muñoz, R. R.; Geha, M.; Côté, P.
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DOI: 10.1088/2041-8205/753/1/L15

The Origin of the Magellanic Stream and Its Leading Arm
journal, May 2008

Nidever, David L.; Majewski, Steven R.; Burton, W. Butler
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DOI: 10.1086/587042

Absolute Ages and Distances of 22 GCs Using Monte Carlo Main-sequence Fitting
journal, April 2017

O’Malley, Erin M.; Gilligan, Christina; Chaboyer, Brian
The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 838, Issue 2
DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aa6574

Physical properties of star clusters in the outer LMC as observed by the DES
journal, May 2016

Pieres, A.; Santiago, B.; Balbinot, E.
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 461, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stw1260

On the Problem of Distribution in Globular Star Clusters: (Plate 8.)
journal, March 1911

Plummer, H. C.
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 71, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1093/mnras/71.5.460

A Matched-Filter Analysis of the Tidal Tails of the Globular Cluster Palomar 5
journal, July 2002

Rockosi, Constance M.; Odenkirchen, Michael; Grebel, Eva K.
The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 124, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1086/340957

Identifying true satellites of the Magellanic Clouds
journal, November 2016

Sales, Laura V.; Navarro, Julio F.; Kallivayalil, Nitya
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DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stw2816

Maps of Dust Infrared Emission for Use in Estimation of Reddening and Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation Foregrounds
journal, June 1998

Schlegel, David J.; Finkbeiner, Douglas P.; Davis, Marc
The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 500, Issue 2
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Stellar Kinematics and Metallicities in the Ultra-Faint Dwarf Galaxy Reticulum ii
journal, July 2015

Simon, J. D.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Li, T. S.
The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 808, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/808/1/95

Nearest Neighbor: The Low-mass Milky Way Satellite Tucana III
journal, March 2017

Simon, J. D.; Li, T. S.; Drlica-Wagner, A.
The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 838, Issue 1
DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aa5be7

An Optical Catalog of Galaxy Clusters Obtained from an Adaptive Matched Filter Finder Applied to Sloan Digital sky Survey data Release 6
journal, June 2011

Szabo, T.; Pierpaoli, E.; Dong, F.
The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 736, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/736/1/21

The feeble giant. Discovery of a large and diffuse Milky Way dwarf galaxy in the constellation of Crater
journal, April 2016

Torrealba, G.; Koposov, S. E.; Belokurov, V.
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 459, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stw733

At the survey limits: discovery of the Aquarius 2 dwarf galaxy in the VST ATLAS and the SDSS data
journal, August 2016

Torrealba, G.; Koposov, S. E.; Belokurov, V.
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DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stw2051

MAGELLAN /M2FS SPECTROSCOPY OF THE RETICULUM 2 DWARF SPHEROIDAL GALAXY
journal, July 2015

Walker, Matthew G.; Mateo, Mario; Olszewski, Edward W.
The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 808, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/808/2/108

Magellan/M2fs Spectroscopy of Tucana 2 and grus 1
journal, February 2016

Walker, Matthew G.; Mateo, Mario; Olszewski, Edward W.
The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 819, Issue 1
DOI: 10.3847/0004-637X/819/1/53

Core condensation in heavy halos: a two-stage theory for galaxy formation and clustering
journal, July 1978

White, S. D. M.; Rees, M. J.
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 183, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1093/mnras/183.3.341

“Galaxy,” Defined
journal, August 2012

Willman, B.; Strader, J.
The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 144, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1088/0004-6256/144/3/76

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Technical Summary
journal, September 2000

York, Donald G.; Adelman, J.; Anderson, Jr., John E.
The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 120, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1086/301513

The globular cluster system of the galaxy. IV - The halo and disk subsystems
journal, June 1985

Zinn, R.
The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 293
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Works referencing / citing this record:

Nine tiny star clusters in Gaia DR1, PS1, and DES
journal, January 2019

Torrealba, G.; Belokurov, V.; Koposov, S. E.
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 484, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz071

Robust velocity dispersion and binary population modelling of the ultrafaint dwarf galaxy Reticulum II
journal, June 2019

Minor, Quinn E.; Pace, Andrew B.; Marshall, Jennifer L.
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 487, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz1468

The hidden giant: discovery of an enormous Galactic dwarf satellite in Gaia DR2
journal, June 2019

Torrealba, G.; Belokurov, V.; Koposov, S. E.
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 488, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz1624

Stellar Streams Discovered in the Dark Energy Survey
journal, July 2018

Shipp, N.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Balbinot, E.
The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 862, Issue 2
DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aacdab

Proper Motions of Milky Way Ultra-faint Satellites with Gaia DR2 × DES DR1
journal, April 2019

Pace, Andrew B.; Li, Ting S.
The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 875, Issue 1
DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab0aee

A Faint Halo Star Cluster Discovered in the Blanco Imaging of the Southern Sky Survey
journal, April 2019

Mau, S.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Bechtol, K.
The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 875, Issue 2
DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab0bb8

The hidden giant: Discovery of an enormous Galactic dwarf satellite in Gaia DR2
text, January 2019

Torrealba, G.; Belokurov, Vasily; Koposov, Sergey
Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
DOI: 10.17863/cam.46984

Figures / Tables found in this record:

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Deep SOAR follow-up photometry of two Milky Way outer-halo companions discovered with Dark Energy Survey

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Title: Deep SOAR follow-up photometry of two Milky Way outer-halo companions discovered with Dark Energy Survey

Abstract

Citation Formats

Figures / Tables:

A new Milky way halo star Cluster in the Southern Galactic sky journal, April 2013

The LMC geometry and outer stellar populations from early DES data journal, March 2015

Eight new Milky way Companions Discovered in First-Year dark Energy Survey data journal, June 2015

Big Fish, Little Fish: two new Ultra-Faint Satellites of the Milky way journal, March 2010

SExtractor: Software for source extraction journal, June 1996

parsec : stellar tracks and isochrones with the PAdova and TRieste Stellar Evolution Code journal, October 2012

The evolution of large-scale structure in a universe dominated by cold dark matter journal, May 1985

The Blanco Cosmology Survey: data Acquisition, Processing, Calibration, Quality Diagnostics, and data Release journal, September 2012

The predicted luminous satellite populations around SMC- and LMC-mass galaxies – a missing satellite problem around the LMC? journal, August 2017

Eight Ultra-Faint Galaxy Candidates Discovered in year two of the dark Energy Survey journal, November 2015

An Ultra-Faint Galaxy Candidate Discovered in Early data from the Magellanic Satellites Survey journal, November 2016

Dark Energy Survey Year 1 Results: The Photometric Data Set for Cosmology journal, April 2018

SEGUE 3: AN OLD, EXTREMELY LOW LUMINOSITY STAR CLUSTER IN THE MILKY WAY's HALO journal, August 2011

The dark Energy Camera journal, October 2015

The population of Milky Way satellites in the Λ cold dark matter cosmology: MW satellites in ΛCDM cosmology journal, September 2011

emcee : The MCMC Hammer journal, March 2013

A new Milky way Satellite Discovered in the Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey journal, November 2016

Searches for new Milky Way satellites from the first two years of data of the Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam survey: Discovery of Cetus III journal, July 2017

A dwarf satellite galaxy in Sagittarius journal, July 1994

Do globular clusters possess dark matter haloes? A case study in NGC 2419 journal, November 2012

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey View of the Palomar-Green Bright Quasar Survey journal, September 2005

A Magellanic origin of the DES dwarfs journal, June 2016

A Hero'S Little Horse: Discovery of a Dissolving star Cluster in Pegasus journal, January 2015

Horologium ii: a Second Ultra-Faint Milky way Satellite in the Horologium Constellation journal, July 2015

Discovery of a Faint Outer halo Milky way star Cluster in the Southern sky journal, April 2015

Kim 3: an Ultra-Faint star Cluster in the Constellation of Centaurus journal, March 2016

Portrait of a dark Horse: a Photometric and Spectroscopic Study of the Ultra-Faint Milky way Satellite Pegasus iii journal, December 2016

The Discovery of Two Extremely Low Luminosity Milky Way Globular Clusters journal, November 2007

Beasts of the Southern Wild: Discovery of nine Ultra Faint Satellites in the Vicinity of the Magellanic Clouds journal, May 2015

Kinematics and Chemistry of Recently Discovered Reticulum 2 and Horologium 1 Dwarf Galaxies journal, September 2015

Gaia 1 and 2. A pair of new Galactic star clusters journal, May 2017

On the variation of the initial mass function journal, April 2001

A new Distant Milky way Globular Cluster in the Pan-Starrs1 3π Survey journal, April 2014

A NEW FAINT MILKY WAY SATELLITE DISCOVERED IN THE PAN-STARRS1 3 π SURVEY journal, March 2015

SAGITTARIUS II, DRACO II AND LAEVENS 3: THREE NEW MILKY WAY SATELLITES DISCOVERED IN THE PAN-STARRS 1 3 π SURVEY journal, October 2015

Assessing the Milky way Satellites Associated with the Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy journal, July 2010

Farthest Neighbor: The Distant Milky Way Satellite Eridanus II journal, March 2017

Digging deeper into the Southern skies: a compact Milky Way companion discovered in first-year Dark Energy Survey data journal, February 2016

The Dark Energy Survey view of the Sagittarius stream: discovery of two faint stellar system candidates journal, February 2017

The Observed Properties of Dwarf Galaxies in and Around the Local Group journal, June 2012

Comparing the properties of local globular cluster systems: implications for the formation of the Galactic halo journal, December 2004

The halo+cluster system of the Galactic globular cluster NGC 1851★ journal, June 2014

Iron and s-elements abundance variations in NGC 5286: comparison with ‘anomalous' globular clusters and Milky Way satellites journal, April 2015

A Comprehensive Maximum Likelihood Analysis of the Structural Properties of Faint Milky Way Satellites journal, September 2008

Hydra ii: a Faint and Compact Milky way Dwarf Galaxy Found in the Survey of the Magellanic Stellar History journal, April 2015

The Carina dwarf spheroidal galaxy - How dark is it? journal, February 1993

The Discovery of an Ultra-Faint star Cluster in the Constellation of ursa Minor journal, June 2012

The Origin of the Magellanic Stream and Its Leading Arm journal, May 2008

Absolute Ages and Distances of 22 GCs Using Monte Carlo Main-sequence Fitting journal, April 2017

Physical properties of star clusters in the outer LMC as observed by the DES journal, May 2016

On the Problem of Distribution in Globular Star Clusters: (Plate 8.) journal, March 1911

A Matched-Filter Analysis of the Tidal Tails of the Globular Cluster Palomar 5 journal, July 2002

Identifying true satellites of the Magellanic Clouds journal, November 2016

Maps of Dust Infrared Emission for Use in Estimation of Reddening and Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation Foregrounds journal, June 1998

Stellar Kinematics and Metallicities in the Ultra-Faint Dwarf Galaxy Reticulum ii journal, July 2015

Nearest Neighbor: The Low-mass Milky Way Satellite Tucana III journal, March 2017

An Optical Catalog of Galaxy Clusters Obtained from an Adaptive Matched Filter Finder Applied to Sloan Digital sky Survey data Release 6 journal, June 2011

The feeble giant. Discovery of a large and diffuse Milky Way dwarf galaxy in the constellation of Crater journal, April 2016

At the survey limits: discovery of the Aquarius 2 dwarf galaxy in the VST ATLAS and the SDSS data journal, August 2016

MAGELLAN /M2FS SPECTROSCOPY OF THE RETICULUM 2 DWARF SPHEROIDAL GALAXY journal, July 2015

Magellan/M2fs Spectroscopy of Tucana 2 and grus 1 journal, February 2016

Core condensation in heavy halos: a two-stage theory for galaxy formation and clustering journal, July 1978

“Galaxy,” Defined journal, August 2012

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Technical Summary journal, September 2000

The globular cluster system of the galaxy. IV - The halo and disk subsystems journal, June 1985

Nine tiny star clusters in Gaia DR1, PS1, and DES journal, January 2019

Robust velocity dispersion and binary population modelling of the ultrafaint dwarf galaxy Reticulum II journal, June 2019

The hidden giant: discovery of an enormous Galactic dwarf satellite in Gaia DR2 journal, June 2019

Stellar Streams Discovered in the Dark Energy Survey journal, July 2018

Proper Motions of Milky Way Ultra-faint Satellites with Gaia DR2 × DES DR1 journal, April 2019

A Faint Halo Star Cluster Discovered in the Blanco Imaging of the Southern Sky Survey journal, April 2019

The hidden giant: Discovery of an enormous Galactic dwarf satellite in Gaia DR2 text, January 2019

A new Milky way halo star Cluster in the Southern Galactic sky
journal, April 2013

The LMC geometry and outer stellar populations from early DES data
journal, March 2015

Eight new Milky way Companions Discovered in First-Year dark Energy Survey data
journal, June 2015

Big Fish, Little Fish: two new Ultra-Faint Satellites of the Milky way
journal, March 2010

SExtractor: Software for source extraction
journal, June 1996

parsec : stellar tracks and isochrones with the PAdova and TRieste Stellar Evolution Code
journal, October 2012

The evolution of large-scale structure in a universe dominated by cold dark matter
journal, May 1985

The Blanco Cosmology Survey: data Acquisition, Processing, Calibration, Quality Diagnostics, and data Release
journal, September 2012

The predicted luminous satellite populations around SMC- and LMC-mass galaxies – a missing satellite problem around the LMC?
journal, August 2017

Eight Ultra-Faint Galaxy Candidates Discovered in year two of the dark Energy Survey
journal, November 2015

An Ultra-Faint Galaxy Candidate Discovered in Early data from the Magellanic Satellites Survey
journal, November 2016

Dark Energy Survey Year 1 Results: The Photometric Data Set for Cosmology
journal, April 2018

SEGUE 3: AN OLD, EXTREMELY LOW LUMINOSITY STAR CLUSTER IN THE MILKY WAY's HALO
journal, August 2011

The dark Energy Camera
journal, October 2015

The population of Milky Way satellites in the Λ cold dark matter cosmology: MW satellites in ΛCDM cosmology
journal, September 2011

`emcee` : The MCMC Hammer
journal, March 2013

A new Milky way Satellite Discovered in the Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey
journal, November 2016

Searches for new Milky Way satellites from the first two years of data of the Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam survey: Discovery of Cetus III
journal, July 2017

A dwarf satellite galaxy in Sagittarius
journal, July 1994

Do globular clusters possess dark matter haloes? A case study in NGC 2419
journal, November 2012

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey View of the Palomar-Green Bright Quasar Survey
journal, September 2005

A Magellanic origin of the DES dwarfs
journal, June 2016

A Hero'S Little Horse: Discovery of a Dissolving star Cluster in Pegasus
journal, January 2015

Horologium ii: a Second Ultra-Faint Milky way Satellite in the Horologium Constellation
journal, July 2015

Discovery of a Faint Outer halo Milky way star Cluster in the Southern sky
journal, April 2015

Kim 3: an Ultra-Faint star Cluster in the Constellation of Centaurus
journal, March 2016

Portrait of a dark Horse: a Photometric and Spectroscopic Study of the Ultra-Faint Milky way Satellite Pegasus iii
journal, December 2016

The Discovery of Two Extremely Low Luminosity Milky Way Globular Clusters
journal, November 2007

Beasts of the Southern Wild: Discovery of nine Ultra Faint Satellites in the Vicinity of the Magellanic Clouds
journal, May 2015

Kinematics and Chemistry of Recently Discovered Reticulum 2 and Horologium 1 Dwarf Galaxies
journal, September 2015

Gaia 1 and 2. A pair of new Galactic star clusters
journal, May 2017

On the variation of the initial mass function
journal, April 2001

A new Distant Milky way Globular Cluster in the Pan-Starrs1 3π Survey
journal, April 2014

A NEW FAINT MILKY WAY SATELLITE DISCOVERED IN THE PAN-STARRS1 3 π SURVEY
journal, March 2015

SAGITTARIUS II, DRACO II AND LAEVENS 3: THREE NEW MILKY WAY SATELLITES DISCOVERED IN THE PAN-STARRS 1 3 π SURVEY
journal, October 2015

Assessing the Milky way Satellites Associated with the Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy
journal, July 2010

Farthest Neighbor: The Distant Milky Way Satellite Eridanus II
journal, March 2017

Digging deeper into the Southern skies: a compact Milky Way companion discovered in first-year Dark Energy Survey data
journal, February 2016

The Dark Energy Survey view of the Sagittarius stream: discovery of two faint stellar system candidates
journal, February 2017

The Observed Properties of Dwarf Galaxies in and Around the Local Group
journal, June 2012

Comparing the properties of local globular cluster systems: implications for the formation of the Galactic halo
journal, December 2004

The halo+cluster system of the Galactic globular cluster NGC 1851★
journal, June 2014

Iron and s-elements abundance variations in NGC 5286: comparison with ‘anomalous' globular clusters and Milky Way satellites
journal, April 2015

A Comprehensive Maximum Likelihood Analysis of the Structural Properties of Faint Milky Way Satellites
journal, September 2008

Hydra ii: a Faint and Compact Milky way Dwarf Galaxy Found in the Survey of the Magellanic Stellar History
journal, April 2015

The Carina dwarf spheroidal galaxy - How dark is it?
journal, February 1993

The Discovery of an Ultra-Faint star Cluster in the Constellation of ursa Minor
journal, June 2012

The Origin of the Magellanic Stream and Its Leading Arm
journal, May 2008

Absolute Ages and Distances of 22 GCs Using Monte Carlo Main-sequence Fitting
journal, April 2017

Physical properties of star clusters in the outer LMC as observed by the DES
journal, May 2016

On the Problem of Distribution in Globular Star Clusters: (Plate 8.)
journal, March 1911

A Matched-Filter Analysis of the Tidal Tails of the Globular Cluster Palomar 5
journal, July 2002

Identifying true satellites of the Magellanic Clouds
journal, November 2016

Maps of Dust Infrared Emission for Use in Estimation of Reddening and Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation Foregrounds
journal, June 1998

Stellar Kinematics and Metallicities in the Ultra-Faint Dwarf Galaxy Reticulum ii
journal, July 2015

Nearest Neighbor: The Low-mass Milky Way Satellite Tucana III
journal, March 2017

An Optical Catalog of Galaxy Clusters Obtained from an Adaptive Matched Filter Finder Applied to Sloan Digital sky Survey data Release 6
journal, June 2011

The feeble giant. Discovery of a large and diffuse Milky Way dwarf galaxy in the constellation of Crater
journal, April 2016

At the survey limits: discovery of the Aquarius 2 dwarf galaxy in the VST ATLAS and the SDSS data
journal, August 2016

MAGELLAN /M2FS SPECTROSCOPY OF THE RETICULUM 2 DWARF SPHEROIDAL GALAXY
journal, July 2015

Magellan/M2fs Spectroscopy of Tucana 2 and grus 1
journal, February 2016

Core condensation in heavy halos: a two-stage theory for galaxy formation and clustering
journal, July 1978

“Galaxy,” Defined
journal, August 2012

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Technical Summary
journal, September 2000

The globular cluster system of the galaxy. IV - The halo and disk subsystems
journal, June 1985

Nine tiny star clusters in Gaia DR1, PS1, and DES
journal, January 2019

Robust velocity dispersion and binary population modelling of the ultrafaint dwarf galaxy Reticulum II
journal, June 2019

The hidden giant: discovery of an enormous Galactic dwarf satellite in Gaia DR2
journal, June 2019

Stellar Streams Discovered in the Dark Energy Survey
journal, July 2018

Proper Motions of Milky Way Ultra-faint Satellites with Gaia DR2 × DES DR1
journal, April 2019

A Faint Halo Star Cluster Discovered in the Blanco Imaging of the Southern Sky Survey
journal, April 2019

The hidden giant: Discovery of an enormous Galactic dwarf satellite in Gaia DR2
text, January 2019