Inducing regioselective chemical reactivity in graphene with alkali metal intercalation

Mitchell, Izaac; Irle, Stephan; Page, Alister J.

doi:10.1039/c8cp02903b

Title: Inducing regioselective chemical reactivity in graphene with alkali metal intercalation

Journal Article · 09 July 2018 · Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. PCCP

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/c8cp02903b · OSTI ID:1468180

Mitchell, Izaac ^[1];

^[2];

^[1]

Univ. of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW (Australia). Newcastle Inst. for Energy and Resources
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Computational Sciences and Engineering Division

First principles calculations demonstrate that alkali metal atoms, intercalated between metal substrates and adsorbed graphene monolayers, induce localised regions of increased reactivity. The extent of this localisation is proportional to the size of the alkali atom and the strength of the graphene–substrate interaction. Thus, larger alkali atoms are more effective (e.g. K > Na > Li), as are stronger-interacting substrates (e.g. Ni > Cu). Despite the electropositivity of these alkali metal adsorbates, analysis of charge transfer between the alkali metal, the substrate and the adsorbed graphene layer indicates that charge transfer does not give rise to the observed regioselective reactivity. Instead, the increased reactivity induced in the graphene structure is shown to arise from the geometrical distortion of the graphene layer imposed by the intercalated adsorbed atom. Finally, we show that this strategy can be used with arbitrary adsorbates and substrate defects, provided such structures are stable, towards controlling the mesoscale patterning and chemical functionalisation of graphene structures.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Univ. of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW (Australia)

Sponsoring Organization:: Australian Research Council; ORNL Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1468180

Journal Information:: Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. PCCP, Journal Name: Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. PCCP Journal Issue: 30 Vol. 20; ISSN 1463-9076

Publisher:: Royal Society of ChemistryCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (82)

Graphene Oxide Framework Materials: Theoretical Predictions and Experimental Results Burress, Jacob W.; Gadipelli, Srinivas; Ford, Jamie Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 122, Issue 47 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201003328	journal	October 2010
Layer-by-Layer Films of Graphene and Ionic Liquids for Highly Selective Gas Sensing Ji, Qingmin; Honma, Itaru; Paek, Seung-Min Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 122, Issue 50 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201004929	journal	November 2010
Strain-Induced Orientation-Selective Cutting of Graphene into Graphene Nanoribbons on Oxidation Ma, Liang; Wang, Jinlan; Ding, Feng Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 124, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201105920	journal	December 2011
Graphene Oxide Framework Materials: Theoretical Predictions and Experimental Results Burress, Jacob W.; Gadipelli, Srinivas; Ford, Jamie Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 49, Issue 47 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201003328	journal	October 2010
Layer-by-Layer Films of Graphene and Ionic Liquids for Highly Selective Gas Sensing Ji, Qingmin; Honma, Itaru; Paek, Seung-Min Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 49, Issue 50 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201004929	journal	November 2010
Strain-Induced Orientation-Selective Cutting of Graphene into Graphene Nanoribbons on Oxidation Ma, Liang; Wang, Jinlan; Ding, Feng Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 51, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201105920	journal	December 2011
Reactivity of the Convex and Concave Surfaces of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs) towards Addition Reactions: Dependence on the Carbon-Atom Pyramidalization Chen, Zhongfang; Thiel, Walter; Hirsch, Andreas ChemPhysChem, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/cphc.200390015	journal	December 2002
Semiempirical GGA-type density functional constructed with a long-range dispersion correction Grimme, Stefan Journal of Computational Chemistry, Vol. 27, Issue 15, p. 1787-1799 https://doi.org/10.1002/jcc.20495	journal	January 2006
Improved grid-based algorithm for Bader charge allocation Sanville, Edward; Kenny, Steven D.; Smith, Roger Journal of Computational Chemistry, Vol. 28, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/jcc.20575	journal	January 2007
Singular Sheet Etching of Graphene with Oxygen Plasma Al-Mumen, Haider; Rao, Fubo; Li, Wen Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 6, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03353775	journal	March 2014
Patterning nanoroads and quantum dots on fluorinated graphene Ribas, Morgana A.; Singh, Abhishek K.; Sorokin, Pavel B. Nano Research, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-010-0084-7	journal	December 2010
Novel features of potassium and sodium vibrations on copper surfaces observed by high-resolution electron-energy-loss spectroscopy Astaldi, Costanza; Rudolf, Petra; Modesti, Silvio Solid State Communications, Vol. 75, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-1098(90)90396-S	journal	September 1990
Structure analysis of alkali metal adsorption on single crystal nickel surfaces Gerlach, R. L.; Rhodin, T. N. Surface Science, Vol. 17, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(69)90216-7	journal	September 1969
Alkali metal atoms adsorbed on Ni{111}: Surface interactions Chandavarkar, S.; Diehl, R. D.; Faké, A. Surface Science, Vol. 211-212 https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(89)90799-1	journal	April 1989
Study of alkali metal adsorption on reconstructed and unreconstructed Cu surfaces by HREELS Rudolf, P.; Astaldi, C.; Cautero, G. Surface Science, Vol. 251-252 https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(91)90966-V	journal	July 1991
LEED-structure analysis of Ni(100)c(4 × 2)-K Muschiol, U.; Bayer, P.; Heinz, K. Surface Science, Vol. 275, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(92)90792-5	journal	September 1992
Alkali metal atoms adsorbed on Ni {111}: Surface interactions Chandavarkar, S.; Diehl, R. D.; Faké, A. Surface Science Letters, Vol. 211-212 https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-2584(89)90347-2	journal	April 1989
Some vibrational properties of clean and water vapour exposed Cu(111)/Na,K Lindgren, S. -Å.; Svensson, C.; Walldén, L. Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena, Vol. 64-65 https://doi.org/10.1016/0368-2048(93)80113-Z	journal	December 1993
Efficiency of ab-initio total energy calculations for metals and semiconductors using a plane-wave basis set Kresse, G.; Furthmüller, J. Computational Materials Science, Vol. 6, Issue 1, p. 15-50 https://doi.org/10.1016/0927-0256(96)00008-0	journal	July 1996
Low-frequency vibrations of alkali atoms on Cu(001) Senet, P.; Toennies, J. P.; Witte, G. Chemical Physics Letters, Vol. 299, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2614(98)01314-1	journal	January 1999
Band-gap tuning of monolayer graphene by oxygen adsorption Takahashi, Toru; Sugawara, Katsuaki; Noguchi, Eiichi Carbon, Vol. 73 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2014.02.049	journal	July 2014
Controlling the density of pinhole defects in monolayer graphene synthesized via chemical vapor deposition on copper Singha Roy, Susmit; Jacobberger, Robert M.; Wan, Chenghao Carbon, Vol. 100 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2015.12.089	journal	April 2016
Synthesis of graphene supported bis (diphenylphosphinomethyl)amino ligands and their Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes: Highly efficient and recoverable nano-catalysts on vitamin K 3 production Uruş, Serhan; Çaylar, Mahmut; Karteri, İbrahim Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 306 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.08.009	journal	December 2016
Phosphorus-doped graphene support to enhance electrocatalysis of methanol oxidation reaction on platinum nanoparticles An, Meichen; Du, Chunyu; Du, Lei Chemical Physics Letters, Vol. 687 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2017.08.058	journal	November 2017
Graphene and graphite nanoribbons: Morphology, properties, synthesis, defects and applications Terrones, Mauricio; Botello-Méndez, Andrés R.; Campos-Delgado, Jessica Nano Today, Vol. 5, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nantod.2010.06.010	journal	August 2010
Electronic properties of doped gapped graphene Mousavi, Hamze Physica B: Condensed Matter, Vol. 414 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2013.01.025	journal	April 2013
Graphene nano-ribbon electronics Chen, Zhihong; Lin, Yu-Ming; Rooks, Michael J. Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures, Vol. 40, Issue 2, p. 228-232 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physe.2007.06.020	journal	December 2007
First-principle study of energy band structure of armchair graphene nanoribbons Ma, Fei; Guo, Zhankui; Xu, Kewei Solid State Communications, Vol. 152, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssc.2012.04.058	journal	July 2012
Evidence for long-range surface state mediated interaction between sodium atoms on copper (001) Graham, Andrew P.; Toennies, J. Peter; Benedek, Giorgio Surface Science, Vol. 556, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2004.03.010	journal	May 2004
Electronic properties of curved graphene nanoribbons Li, T. S.; Lin, M. F.; Lin, C. Y. Synthetic Metals, Vol. 171 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2013.02.022	journal	May 2013
Scalable Graphene Electro-Patterning, Functionalization, and Printing Park, Junha; Park, Hong-Ki; Choi, Jaewu The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 121, Issue 27 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b04639	journal	June 2017
Controlling Defects in Graphene for Optimizing the Electrical Properties of Graphene Nanodevices Vicarelli, Leonardo; Heerema, Stephanie J.; Dekker, Cees ACS Nano, Vol. 9, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5b01762	journal	February 2015
Atomic Covalent Functionalization of Graphene Johns, James E.; Hersam, Mark C. Accounts of Chemical Research, Vol. 46, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/ar300143e	journal	September 2012
Covalent Functionalization of Graphene with Reactive Intermediates Park, Jaehyeung; Yan, Mingdi Accounts of Chemical Research, Vol. 46, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/ar300172h	journal	September 2012
Functionalization of Graphene: Covalent and Non-Covalent Approaches, Derivatives and Applications Georgakilas, Vasilios; Otyepka, Michal; Bourlinos, Athanasios B. Chemical Reviews, Vol. 112, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/cr3000412	journal	September 2012
Origin of the Linear Relationship between CH ₂ /NH/O−SWNT Reaction Energies and Sidewall Curvature: Armchair Nanotubes Zheng, Guishan; Wang, Zhi; Irle, Stephan Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 128, Issue 47 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja061306u	journal	November 2006
Nucleation of Graphene Precursors on Transition Metal Surfaces: Insights from Theoretical Simulations Page, Alister J.; Wang, Ying; Li, Hai-Bei The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 117, Issue 28 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp404326d	journal	July 2013
Nanoengineering Structures on Graphene with Adsorbed Hydrogen “Lines” Chernozatonskii, Leonid A.; Sorokin, Pavel B. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 114, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp9100653	journal	February 2010
Nanomembrane Containing a Nanopore in an Electrolyte Solution: A Molecular Dynamics Approach Chen, Houyang; Ruckenstein, Eli The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 5, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1021/jz501502y	journal	August 2014
Superior Thermal Conductivity of Single-Layer Graphene Balandin, Alexander A.; Ghosh, Suchismita; Bao, Wenzhong Nano Letters, Vol. 8, Issue 3, p. 902-907 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl0731872	journal	March 2008
Synthesis of Water Soluble Graphene Si, Yongchao; Samulski, Edward T. Nano Letters, Vol. 8, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl080604h	journal	June 2008
The Interaction of Li ⁺ with Single-Layer and Few-Layer Graphene Pollak, Elad; Geng, Baisong; Jeon, Ki-Joon Nano Letters, Vol. 10, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl101223k	journal	September 2010
Mechanisms for Oxidative Unzipping and Cutting of Graphene Sun, Tao; Fabris, Stefano Nano Letters, Vol. 12, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl202656c	journal	December 2011
Graphene-Based Ultracapacitors Stoller, Meryl D.; Park, Sungjin; Zhu, Yanwu Nano Letters, Vol. 8, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl802558y	journal	October 2008
Lower-Defect Graphene Oxide Nanoribbons from Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Higginbotham, Amanda L.; Kosynkin, Dmitry V.; Sinitskii, Alexander ACS Nano, Vol. 4, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn100118m	journal	March 2010
Vacancy Clusters in Graphane as Quantum Dots Singh, Abhishek K.; Penev, Evgeni S.; Yakobson, Boris I. ACS Nano, Vol. 4, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn1006072	journal	May 2010
Atomic-Scale Investigation of Graphene Grown on Cu Foil and the Effects of Thermal Annealing Cho, Jongweon; Gao, Li; Tian, Jifa ACS Nano, Vol. 5, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn103338g	journal	April 2011
Organometallic Complexes of Graphene: Toward Atomic Spintronics Using a Graphene Web Avdoshenko, Stas M.; Ioffe, Ilya N.; Cuniberti, Gianaurelio ACS Nano, Vol. 5, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn203719a	journal	November 2011
Field-directed sputter sharpening for tailored probe materials and atomic-scale lithography Schmucker, S. W.; Kumar, N.; Abelson, J. R. Nature Communications, Vol. 3, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms1907	journal	January 2012
Detection of individual gas molecules adsorbed on graphene Schedin, F.; Geim, A. K.; Morozov, S. V. Nature Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 9, p. 652-655 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1967	journal	July 2007
Reducing Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and field-free spin-orbit torque switching in synthetic antiferromagnets Chen, Ruyi; Cui, Qirui; Liao, Liyang Nature Communications, Vol. 12, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-23414-3	journal	May 2021
High-resolution X-ray luminescence extension imaging Ou, Xiangyu; Qin, Xian; Huang, Bolong Nature, Vol. 590, Issue 7846 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03251-6	journal	February 2021
Selective surface functionalization at regions of high local curvature in graphene Wu, Qingzhi; Wu, Yaping; Hao, Yufeng Chem. Commun., Vol. 49, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1039/C2CC36747E	journal	January 2013
Strength and failure behavior of a graphene sheet containing bi-grain-boundaries Yang, Baocheng; Wang, Shuaiwei; Guo, Yanzhen RSC Adv., Vol. 4, Issue 97 https://doi.org/10.1039/C4RA10126J	journal	January 2014
An introduction to the chemistry of graphene Wang, Xiluan; Shi, Gaoquan Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 17, Issue 43 https://doi.org/10.1039/C5CP05212B	journal	January 2015
Doping graphene with boron: a review of synthesis methods, physicochemical characterization, and emerging applications Agnoli, Stefano; Favaro, Marco Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 4, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TA10599D	journal	January 2016
Synthesis, characterization and electrical properties of silicon-doped graphene films Wang, Zegao; Li, Pingjian; Chen, Yuanfu Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 3, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TC00563A	journal	January 2015
Catalytic CVD synthesis of boron nitride and carbon nanomaterials – synergies between experiment and theory McLean, Ben; Eveleens, Clothilde A.; Mitchell, Izaac Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 39 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7CP03835F	journal	January 2017
Popgraphene: a new 2D planar carbon allotrope composed of 5–8–5 carbon rings for high-performance lithium-ion battery anodes from bottom-up programming Wang, Shuaiwei; Yang, Baocheng; Chen, Houyang Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1039/C8TA00438B	journal	January 2018
The chemistry of graphene Loh, Kian Ping; Bao, Qiaoliang; Ang, Priscilla Kailian Journal of Materials Chemistry, Vol. 20, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1039/b920539j	journal	January 2010
Regioselectivity control of graphene functionalization by ripples Gao, Xingfa; Wang, Ying; Liu, Xin Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 13, Issue 43 https://doi.org/10.1039/c1cp22491c	journal	January 2011
Quantum chemical investigation of epoxide and ether groups in graphene oxide and their vibrational spectra Page, Alister J.; Chou, Chien-Pin; Pham, Buu Q. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 15, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cp00094j	journal	January 2013
Selective area growth of metal nanostructures Adams, D. P.; Mayer, T. M.; Swartzentruber, B. S. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 68, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.115861	journal	April 1996
Atomic Screening Constants from SCF Functions. II. Atoms with 37 to 86 Electrons Clementi, E.; Raimondi, D. L.; Reinhardt, W. P. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 47, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1712084	journal	August 1967
Ab initiomolecular dynamics for liquid metals Kresse, G.; Hafner, J. Physical Review B, Vol. 47, Issue 1, p. 558-561 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.47.558	journal	January 1993
Ab initio molecular-dynamics simulation of the liquid-metal–amorphous-semiconductor transition in germanium Kresse, G.; Hafner, J. Physical Review B, Vol. 49, Issue 20, p. 14251-14269 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.49.14251	journal	May 1994
Coverage-dependent frequency for Li-atom vibrations on Cu(111) Lindgren, S. -Å.; Svensson, C.; Walldén, L. Physical Review B, Vol. 54, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.54.10912	journal	October 1996
Efficient iterative schemes for ab initio total-energy calculations using a plane-wave basis set Kresse, G.; Furthmüller, J. Physical Review B, Vol. 54, Issue 16, p. 11169-11186 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.54.11169	journal	October 1996
Edge state in graphene ribbons: Nanometer size effect and edge shape dependence Nakada, Kyoko; Fujita, Mitsutaka; Dresselhaus, Gene Physical Review B, Vol. 54, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.54.17954	journal	December 1996
Helium-atom diffraction study of the submonolayer structures of sodium on Cu(001) Graham, Andrew P.; Toennies, J. Peter Physical Review B, Vol. 56, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.56.15378	journal	December 1997
From ultrasoft pseudopotentials to the projector augmented-wave method Kresse, G.; Joubert, D. Physical Review B, Vol. 59, Issue 3, p. 1758-1775 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.59.1758	journal	January 1999
Formation of hydrogenated graphene nanoripples by strain engineering and directed surface self-assembly Wang, Z. F.; Zhang, Yu; Liu, Feng Physical Review B, Vol. 83, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.83.041403	journal	January 2011
Doping Graphene with Metal Contacts Giovannetti, G.; Khomyakov, P. A.; Brocks, G. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 101, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.026803	journal	July 2008
Top-site adsorption for potassium on Ni(111) Fisher, D.; Chandavarkar, S.; Collins, I. R. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 68, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.68.2786	journal	May 1992
Observation of jump diffusion of isolated sodium atoms on a Cu(001) surface by helium atom scattering Ellis, J.; Toennies, J. P. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 70, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.70.2118	journal	April 1993
Generalized Gradient Approximation Made Simple Perdew, John P.; Burke, Kieron; Ernzerhof, Matthias Physical Review Letters, Vol. 77, Issue 18, p. 3865-3868 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.3865	journal	October 1996
Atomically Precise Placement of Single Dopants in Si Schofield, S. R.; Curson, N. J.; Simmons, M. Y. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 91, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.136104	journal	September 2003
Oxygen-Driven Unzipping of Graphitic Materials Li, Je-Luen; Kudin, Konstantin N.; McAllister, Michael J. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 96, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.176101	journal	May 2006
Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films Novoselov, K. S. Science, Vol. 306, Issue 5696, p. 666-669 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1102896	journal	October 2004
Measurement of the Elastic Properties and Intrinsic Strength of Monolayer Graphene Lee, C.; Wei, X.; Kysar, J. W. Science, Vol. 321, Issue 5887, p. 385-388 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1157996	journal	July 2008
Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films Novoselov, K. S.; Geim, A. K.; Morozov, S. V. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.cond-mat/0410550	text	January 2004
Detection of Individual Gas Molecules Absorbed on Graphene Schedin, F.; Geim, A. K.; Morozov, S. V. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.cond-mat/0610809	text	January 2006

Similar Records

Chemistry Under Cover: Tuning Metal-Graphene Interaction by Reactive Intercalation

Journal Article · 2010 · Journal of the American Chemical Society · OSTI ID:1049299

Sutter, P; Sadowski, J T; Sutter, E A

Chemistry under Cover: Tuning Metal-Graphene Interaction by Reactive Intercalation

Journal Article · 2009 · Journal of the American Chemical Society · OSTI ID:1019833

Sutter, P; Sadowski, J; Sutter, E

Charge transfer processes and sputtering processes of self-sustaining alkali metal coatings on metal surfaces

Conference · 1985 · OSTI ID:7154951

Krauss, A R; Auciello, O; Uritani, A; +3 more

Related Subjects

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

Title: Inducing regioselective chemical reactivity in graphene with alkali metal intercalation

Citation Formats

References (82)

Similar Records

Related Subjects