DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Urine and serum biomonitoring of exposure to environmental estrogens II: Soy isoflavones and zearalenone in pregnant women

Abstract

Urine and serum biomonitoring was used to measure internal exposure to selected dietary estrogens in a cohort of 30 pregnant women. Herein exposure was measured over a period comprising one-half day in the field (6 h) and one day in a clinic (24 h). Biomonitoring of the dietary phytoestrogens genistein (GEN), daidzein (DDZ) and equol (EQ), as well as the mycoestrogen, zearalenone (ZEN) and its congeners, was conducted using UPLC-MS/MS. Biomonitoring revealed evidence of internal exposure to naturally occurring dietary estrogens during pregnancy. Urinary concentrations of total GEN, DDZ and EQ were similar to levels reported for general adult U.S. population. Measurable concentrations of total (parent and metabolites) GEN, DDZ and EQ were present in 240, 207 and 2 of 270 serum samples, respectively. Six out of 30 subjects had measurable concentrations of unconjugated GEN and/or DDZ in serum between 0.6 and 7.1 nM. Urine to serum total isoflavone ratios for GEN, DDZ and EQ were 13, 47, and 180, respectively. ZEN and its reductive metabolite, a-zearalenol (a-ZEL), were present in pregnant women (11 out of 30 subjects) as conjugates at levels near the limit of quantification. The average total urinary concentration was 0.10 mg/L for ZEN and 0.11 mg/Lmore » for a-ZEL.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [1];  [1]; ORCiD logo [2]
  1. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR (United States)
  2. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE; USDA; American Chemistry Council
OSTI Identifier:
1988267
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1467737
Report Number(s):
PNNL-ACT-SA-10583
Journal ID: ISSN 0278-6915
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC05-76RL01830
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Food and Chemical Toxicology
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 95; Journal ID: ISSN 0278-6915
Publisher:
Elsevier
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES; soy isoflavones; zearalenone; exposure; pregnancy; biomonitoring; endocrine disruptors

Citation Formats

Fleck, Stefanie C., Churchwell, Mona I., Doerge, Daniel R., and Teeguarden, Justin G. Urine and serum biomonitoring of exposure to environmental estrogens II: Soy isoflavones and zearalenone in pregnant women. United States: N. p., 2016. Web. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2016.05.021.
Fleck, Stefanie C., Churchwell, Mona I., Doerge, Daniel R., & Teeguarden, Justin G. Urine and serum biomonitoring of exposure to environmental estrogens II: Soy isoflavones and zearalenone in pregnant women. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2016.05.021
Fleck, Stefanie C., Churchwell, Mona I., Doerge, Daniel R., and Teeguarden, Justin G. Mon . "Urine and serum biomonitoring of exposure to environmental estrogens II: Soy isoflavones and zearalenone in pregnant women". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2016.05.021. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1988267.
@article{osti_1988267,
title = {Urine and serum biomonitoring of exposure to environmental estrogens II: Soy isoflavones and zearalenone in pregnant women},
author = {Fleck, Stefanie C. and Churchwell, Mona I. and Doerge, Daniel R. and Teeguarden, Justin G.},
abstractNote = {Urine and serum biomonitoring was used to measure internal exposure to selected dietary estrogens in a cohort of 30 pregnant women. Herein exposure was measured over a period comprising one-half day in the field (6 h) and one day in a clinic (24 h). Biomonitoring of the dietary phytoestrogens genistein (GEN), daidzein (DDZ) and equol (EQ), as well as the mycoestrogen, zearalenone (ZEN) and its congeners, was conducted using UPLC-MS/MS. Biomonitoring revealed evidence of internal exposure to naturally occurring dietary estrogens during pregnancy. Urinary concentrations of total GEN, DDZ and EQ were similar to levels reported for general adult U.S. population. Measurable concentrations of total (parent and metabolites) GEN, DDZ and EQ were present in 240, 207 and 2 of 270 serum samples, respectively. Six out of 30 subjects had measurable concentrations of unconjugated GEN and/or DDZ in serum between 0.6 and 7.1 nM. Urine to serum total isoflavone ratios for GEN, DDZ and EQ were 13, 47, and 180, respectively. ZEN and its reductive metabolite, a-zearalenol (a-ZEL), were present in pregnant women (11 out of 30 subjects) as conjugates at levels near the limit of quantification. The average total urinary concentration was 0.10 mg/L for ZEN and 0.11 mg/L for a-ZEL.},
doi = {10.1016/j.fct.2016.05.021},
journal = {Food and Chemical Toxicology},
number = ,
volume = 95,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon May 30 00:00:00 EDT 2016},
month = {Mon May 30 00:00:00 EDT 2016}
}

Journal Article:

Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 31 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

Save / Share:

Works referenced in this record:

Mass Spectrometric Determination of Genistein Tissue Distribution in Diet-Exposed Sprague-Dawley Rats
journal, August 2000

  • Churchwell, Mona I.; Delclos, K. Barry; Chang, Hebron C.
  • The Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 130, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1093/jn/130.8.1963

Preeclampsia and Breast Cancer Risk
journal, November 1999


Phytoestrogens in Human Pregnancy
journal, January 2012

  • Jarrell, John; Foster, Warren G.; Kinniburgh, David W.
  • Obstetrics and Gynecology International, Vol. 2012
  • DOI: 10.1155/2012/850313

Early Intake Appears to Be the Key to the Proposed Protective Effects of Soy Intake Against Breast Cancer
journal, November 2009


Zearalenone and its metabolites as endocrine disrupting chemicals
journal, November 2010

  • Metzler, M.; Pfeiffer, E.; Hildebrand, A.
  • World Mycotoxin Journal, Vol. 3, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.3920/WMJ2010.1244

Toxic Effects of Maternal Zearalenone Exposure on Uterine Capacity and Fetal Development in Gestation Rats
journal, June 2014


Urine and serum biomonitoring of exposure to environmental estrogens I: Bisphenol A in pregnant women
journal, June 2016

  • Teeguarden, Justin G.; Twaddle, Nathan C.; Churchwell, Mona I.
  • Food and Chemical Toxicology, Vol. 92
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.03.023

Equol, a natural estrogenic metabolite from soy isoflavones
journal, March 2004

  • Muthyala, Rajeev S.; Ju, Young H.; Sheng, Shubin
  • Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Vol. 12, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2003.11.035

Isoflavones: estrogenic activity, biological effect and bioavailability
journal, November 2012

  • Vitale, Daniela Cristina; Piazza, Cateno; Melilli, Barbara
  • European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Vol. 38, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1007/s13318-012-0112-y

Early Telarche Symptoms in Children and their Relations to Zearalenon Contamination in Foodstuffs
journal, September 1997

  • Szuets, P.; Mesterhazy, A.; Falkay, G. Y.
  • Cereal Research Communications, Vol. 25, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1007/BF03543747

Competitive Binding of Xenobiotic Oestrogens to Rat Alpha-Fetoprotein and to Sex Steroid Binding Proteins in Human and Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Plasma
journal, October 1998

  • Milligan, Stuart R.; Khan, Omar; Nash, Marnie
  • General and Comparative Endocrinology, Vol. 112, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1006/gcen.1998.7146

Phytoestrogen Concentrations in Serum from Japanese Men and Women over Forty Years of Age
journal, October 2002

  • Morton, Michael S.; Arisaka, Osamu; Miyake, Noriko
  • The Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 132, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1093/jn/131.10.3168

Equol: History, Chemistry, and Formation
journal, July 2010

  • Setchell, Kenneth D. R.; Clerici, Carlo
  • The Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 140, Issue 7
  • DOI: 10.3945/jn.109.119776

Placental transfer of the estrogenic mycotoxin zearalenone in rats
journal, September 2001


Urinary and serum concentrations of seven phytoestrogens in a human reference population subset
journal, July 2003

  • Valentín-Blasini, Liza; Blount, Benjamin C.; Caudill, Samuel P.
  • Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology, Vol. 13, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1038/sj.jea.7500278

Isolation of an Anabolic, Uterotrophic Compound from Corn infected with Gibberella zeae
journal, December 1962

  • Stob, Martin; Baldwin, R. S.; Tuite, John
  • Nature, Vol. 196, Issue 4861
  • DOI: 10.1038/1961318a0

Transgenerational toxicity of Zearalenone in pigs
journal, August 2012


Comparative metabolism of zearalenone and transmission into bovine milk
journal, January 1981


Premature Thelarche in Puerto Rico
journal, December 1986


In Utero Exposures and Breast Cancer: a Study of Opposite-Sexed Twins
journal, January 2001

  • Kaijser, M.; Lichtenstein, P.; Granath, F.
  • JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Vol. 93, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1093/jnci/93.1.60

Reproductive consequences of developmental phytoestrogen exposure
journal, March 2012

  • Jefferson, Wendy N.; Patisaul, Heather B.; Williams, Carmen J.
  • REPRODUCTION, Vol. 143, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1530/REP-11-0369

Maternal and neonatal phytoestrogens in Japanese women during birth
journal, March 1999

  • Adlercreutz, Herman; Yamada, Teiichi; Wähälä, Kristiina
  • American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vol. 180, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1016/S0002-9378(99)70281-4

Rapid yeast estrogen bioassays stably expressing human estrogen receptors α and β, and green fluorescent protein: a comparison of different compounds with both receptor types
journal, July 2004

  • Bovee, Toine F. H.; Helsdingen, Richard J. R.; Rietjens, Ivonne M. C. M.
  • The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Vol. 91, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2004.03.118

An epidemic of precocious development in Puerto Rican children
journal, September 1985

  • Sáenz de Rodriguez, Carmen A.; Bongiovanni, Alfred M.; Borrego, Lillian Conde de
  • The Journal of Pediatrics, Vol. 107, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1016/S0022-3476(85)80513-8

High Growth Rate of Girls with Precocious Puberty Exposed to Estrogenic Mycotoxins
journal, May 2008

  • Massart, Francesco; Meucci, Valentina; Saggese, Giuseppe
  • The Journal of Pediatrics, Vol. 152, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.10.020

Assessment of Multi-Mycotoxin Exposure in Southern Italy by Urinary Multi-Biomarker Determination
journal, January 2014

  • Solfrizzo, Michele; Gambacorta, Lucia; Visconti, Angelo
  • Toxins, Vol. 6, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3390/toxins6020523

Comparing the pharmacokinetics of daidzein and genistein with the use of 13C-labeled tracers in premenopausal women
journal, February 2003

  • Setchell, Kenneth DR; Faughnan, Marian S.; Avades, Tony
  • The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 77, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/77.2.411

Quantitative assessment of foetal exposure to trenbolone acetate, zeranol and melengestrol acetate, following maternal dosing in rabbits
journal, January 2002


Bioavailability of phyto-oestrogens
journal, June 2003

  • Rowland, Ian; Faughnan, Marian; Hoey, Leane
  • British Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 89, Issue S1
  • DOI: 10.1079/BJN2002796

Biomonitoring of concurrent mycotoxin exposure among adults in Sweden through urinary multi-biomarker analysis
journal, September 2015


Safety and pharmacokinetics of purified soy isoflavones: single-dose administration to postmenopausal women,,
journal, November 2002

  • Bloedon, LeAnne T.; Jeffcoat, A. Robert; Lopaczynski, Wlodek
  • The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 76, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/76.5.1126

Exposures to Synthetic Estrogens at Different Times During the Life, and Their Effect on Breast Cancer Risk
journal, February 2013

  • Hilakivi-Clarke, Leena; de Assis, Sonia; Warri, Anni
  • Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia, Vol. 18, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1007/s10911-013-9274-8

New insights into the human metabolism of the Fusarium mycotoxins deoxynivalenol and zearalenone
journal, June 2013


Comparison of Isoflavones Among Dietary Intake, Plasma Concentration and Urinary Excretion for Accurate Estimation of Phytoestrogen Intake
journal, January 2000

  • Arai, Yusuke; Uehara, Mariko; Sato, Yuho
  • Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 10, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.2188/jea.10.127

Physiological Concentrations of Dietary Genistein Dose-Dependently Stimulate Growth of Estrogen-Dependent Human Breast Cancer (MCF-7) Tumors Implanted in Athymic Nude Mice
journal, November 2001

  • Ju, Young H.; Allred, Clinton D.; Allred, Kimberly F.
  • The Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 131, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1093/jn/131.11.2957

Plasma Levels of Unconjugated Estrone, Estradiol and Estriol and of HCS Throughout Pregnancy in Normal Women
journal, January 1975

  • De Hertogh, R.; Thomas, K.; Bietlot, Y.
  • The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Vol. 40, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1210/jcem-40-1-93

Placental transfer of the soy isoflavone genistein following dietary and gavage administration to Sprague Dawley rats
journal, March 2001


Works referencing / citing this record:

Towards A New Approach for the Description of Cyclo–2,4-Dihydroxybenzoate, A Substance Which Effectively Mimics Zearalenone in Imprinted Polymers Designed for Analyzing Selected Mycotoxins in Urine
journal, March 2019

  • Gadzała-Kopciuch, Renata; Kwaśniewska, Katarzyna; Ludwiczak, Agnieszka
  • International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol. 20, Issue 7
  • DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071588

Oestrogenic Endocrine Disruptors in the Placenta and the Fetus
journal, February 2020

  • Tang, Zi-Run; Xu, Xue-Ling; Deng, Shou-Long
  • International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol. 21, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041519