Electric field directed formation of aligned conjugated polymer fibers
Abstract
Alternating current (AC) electric fields effectively align poly (3-alkylthiophene) (P3AT) fibers during a one-dimensional crystallization process. Structural, mechanical and electrical properties have been probed using microscopy, small angle neutron scattering (SANS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), rheology, UV-vis spectroscopy, and dielectric spectroscopy. Optimum frequency and amplitudes were identified for specific P3AT concentrations and for variable solvent quality. Optical microscopy along with SANS and XRD demonstrate alignment persists over both micrometer and nanometer length scales. Small amplitude oscillatory shear rheology also showed that the shear modulus increased for aligned fibers. The structural changes were correlated to improvements in electric conductivity as probed by dielectric spectroscopy. XRD experiments performed with variable sample orientations also showed that the P3HT stacking direction was aligned parallel to the direction of the fiber axis. Electric field alignment was also possible for other alkyl-thiophene polymers and for polymers with simple backbone repeat units.
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1467635
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1467613
- Grant/Contract Number:
- SC0010282
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Soft Matter
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 13; Journal Issue: 21; Journal ID: ISSN 1744-683X
- Publisher:
- Royal Society of Chemistry
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY
Citation Formats
Xi, Yuyin, and Pozzo, Lilo D. Electric field directed formation of aligned conjugated polymer fibers. United States: N. p., 2017.
Web. doi:10.1039/C7SM00485K.
Xi, Yuyin, & Pozzo, Lilo D. Electric field directed formation of aligned conjugated polymer fibers. United States. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7SM00485K
Xi, Yuyin, and Pozzo, Lilo D. Wed .
"Electric field directed formation of aligned conjugated polymer fibers". United States. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7SM00485K. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1467635.
@article{osti_1467635,
title = {Electric field directed formation of aligned conjugated polymer fibers},
author = {Xi, Yuyin and Pozzo, Lilo D.},
abstractNote = {Alternating current (AC) electric fields effectively align poly (3-alkylthiophene) (P3AT) fibers during a one-dimensional crystallization process. Structural, mechanical and electrical properties have been probed using microscopy, small angle neutron scattering (SANS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), rheology, UV-vis spectroscopy, and dielectric spectroscopy. Optimum frequency and amplitudes were identified for specific P3AT concentrations and for variable solvent quality. Optical microscopy along with SANS and XRD demonstrate alignment persists over both micrometer and nanometer length scales. Small amplitude oscillatory shear rheology also showed that the shear modulus increased for aligned fibers. The structural changes were correlated to improvements in electric conductivity as probed by dielectric spectroscopy. XRD experiments performed with variable sample orientations also showed that the P3HT stacking direction was aligned parallel to the direction of the fiber axis. Electric field alignment was also possible for other alkyl-thiophene polymers and for polymers with simple backbone repeat units.},
doi = {10.1039/C7SM00485K},
journal = {Soft Matter},
number = 21,
volume = 13,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed May 03 00:00:00 EDT 2017},
month = {Wed May 03 00:00:00 EDT 2017}
}
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
Other availability
Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Cited by: 27 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science
Web of Science
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.
Works referenced in this record:
Rotational diffusion and alignment of short gold nanorods in an external electric field
journal, January 2012
- Zijlstra, Peter; van Stee, Marijn; Verhart, Nico
- Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 14, Issue 13
Creating New Supramolecular Materials by Architecture of Three-Dimensional Nanocrystal Fiber Networks
journal, December 2002
- Liu, Xiang Yang; Sawant, Prashant D.; Tan, Wee Beng
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 124, Issue 50
Simple strategy to tune the charge transport properties of conjugated polymer/carbon nanotube composites using an electric field assisted deposition technique: Tuning charge transport of polymer/CNT composites
journal, February 2014
- Marzouk, Jaouad; Lucas, Bruno; Trigaud, Thierry
- Polymer International, Vol. 63, Issue 8
Crystallization of Poly(L-/D-Lactide) in the Presence of Electric Fields
journal, February 2012
- Yuryev, Yury; Wood-Adams, Paula M.
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 213, Issue 6
Electric Field Alignment of Nanofibrillated Cellulose (NFC) in Silicone Oil: Impact on Electrical Properties
journal, June 2014
- Kadimi, Amal; Benhamou, Karima; Ounaies, Zoubeida
- ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 6, Issue 12
Single-junction polymer solar cells with high efficiency and photovoltage
journal, February 2015
- He, Zhicai; Xiao, Biao; Liu, Feng
- Nature Photonics, Vol. 9, Issue 3
Electrospinning: A fascinating fiber fabrication technique
journal, May 2010
- Bhardwaj, Nandana; Kundu, Subhas C.
- Biotechnology Advances, Vol. 28, Issue 3
Polarizing Organic Photovoltaics
journal, August 2011
- Zhu, Rui; Kumar, Ankit; Yang, Yang
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 23, Issue 36
Strong Orientational Coupling of Block Copolymer Microdomains to Smectic Layering Revealed by Magnetic Field Alignment
journal, February 2016
- Gopinadhan, Manesh; Choo, Youngwoo; Osuji, Chinedum O.
- ACS Macro Letters, Vol. 5, Issue 3
Anisotropic particles align perpendicular to the flow direction in narrow microchannels
journal, April 2013
- Trebbin, M.; Steinhauser, D.; Perlich, J.
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 110, Issue 17
Electric Field Tuning Molecular Packing and Electrical Properties of Solution-Shearing Coated Organic Semiconducting Thin Films
journal, January 2017
- Molina-Lopez, Francisco; Yan, Hongping; Gu, Xiaodan
- Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 27, Issue 8
Roll-to-Roll Slot-Die Coated Organic Photovoltaic (OPV) Modules with High Geometrical Fill Factors
journal, August 2015
- Galagan, Yulia; Fledderus, Henri; Gorter, Harrie
- Energy Technology, Vol. 3, Issue 8
Nano-Confinement Induced Chain Alignment in Ordered P3HT Nanostructures Defined by Nanoimprint Lithography
journal, September 2009
- Aryal, Mukti; Trivedi, Krutarth; Hu, Wenchuang (Walter)
- ACS Nano, Vol. 3, Issue 10
Recent progress on thin-film encapsulation technologies for organic electronic devices
journal, March 2016
- Yu, Duan; Yang, Yong-Qiang; Chen, Zheng
- Optics Communications, Vol. 362
MBE growth of ultra-low disorder 2DEG with mobility exceeding 35×106cm2/Vs
journal, March 2009
- Umansky, V.; Heiblum, M.; Levinson, Y.
- Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 311, Issue 7
Polarized organic electroluminescence: Ordering from the top
journal, December 2003
- Godbert, Nicolas; Burn, Paul L.; Gilmour, Sandra
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 83, Issue 26
Highly polarized blue electroluminescence from homogeneously aligned films of poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene)
journal, May 2000
- Whitehead, K. S.; Grell, M.; Bradley, D. D. C.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 76, Issue 20
Electric-field-induced molecular alignment of side-chain liquid-crystalline polyacetylenes containing biphenyl mesogens
journal, January 2004
- Geng, Jianxin; Zhou, Enle; Li, Gao
- Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, Vol. 42, Issue 7
Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation Induced by Electric Fields
journal, September 2011
- Yan, J. Y.; Patey, G. N.
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 2, Issue 20
Uniaxial Alignment of Liquid-Crystalline Conjugated Polymers by Nanoconfinement
journal, April 2007
- Zheng, Zijian; Yim, Keng-Hoong; Saifullah, Mohammad S. M.
- Nano Letters, Vol. 7, Issue 4
Effects of supersaturation on the structure and properties of poly(9,9-dioctyl fluorene) organogels
journal, January 2013
- Iglesia, Pablo de la; Pozzo, Danilo C.
- Soft Matter, Vol. 9, Issue 47
Polymers for flexible displays: From material selection to device applications
journal, June 2008
- Choi, Myeon-Cheon; Kim, Youngkyoo; Ha, Chang-Sik
- Progress in Polymer Science, Vol. 33, Issue 6
Enhanced Hole Mobility in Regioregular Polythiophene Infiltrated in Straight Nanopores
journal, December 2005
- Coakley, K. M.; Srinivasan, B. S.; Ziebarth, J. M.
- Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 15, Issue 12
Enhanced Vertical Concentration Gradient in Rubbed P3HT:PCBM Graded Bilayer Solar Cells
journal, June 2012
- Vohra, Varun; Arrighetti, Gianmichele; Barba, Luisa
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 3, Issue 13
Electric-field-aligned growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes on surfaces
journal, October 2002
- Ural, Ant; Li, Yiming; Dai, Hongjie
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 81, Issue 18
Dynamics of carbon nanotube alignment by electric fields
journal, October 2012
- Oliva-Avilés, A. I.; Avilés, F.; Sosa, V.
- Nanotechnology, Vol. 23, Issue 46
An optical dielectrophoresis spectrometer for low-frequency measurements on colloidal suspensions
journal, November 1989
- Burt, J. P. H.; Al-Ameen, T. A. K.; Pethig, R.
- Journal of Physics E: Scientific Instruments, Vol. 22, Issue 11
NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis
journal, June 2012
- Schneider, Caroline A.; Rasband, Wayne S.; Eliceiri, Kevin W.
- Nature Methods, Vol. 9, Issue 7
Self-consistent field study of the alignment by an electric field of a cylindrical phase of block copolymer
journal, July 2006
- Lin, Chin-Yet; Schick, M.
- The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 125, Issue 3
ac field enhanced protein crystallization
journal, June 2008
- Hou, Diana; Chang, Hsueh-Chia
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 92, Issue 22
Solvatochromism and Conformational Changes in Fully Dissolved Poly(3-alkylthiophene)s
journal, December 2014
- Newbloom, Gregory M.; Hoffmann, Stephanie M.; West, Aaron F.
- Langmuir, Vol. 31, Issue 1
Solution coating of large-area organic semiconductor thin films with aligned single-crystalline domains
journal, June 2013
- Diao, Ying; Tee, Benjamin C-K.; Giri, Gaurav
- Nature Materials, Vol. 12, Issue 7
DC electric field assisted alignment of carbon nanotubes on metal electrodes
journal, November 2003
- Senthil Kumar, M.; Lee, S. H.; Kim, T. Y.
- Solid-State Electronics, Vol. 47, Issue 11
General Strategy for Self-Assembly of Highly Oriented Nanocrystalline Semiconducting Polymers with High Mobility
journal, April 2014
- Luo, Chan; Kyaw, Aung Ko Ko; Perez, Louis A.
- Nano Letters, Vol. 14, Issue 5
High-efficiency crystalline silicon solar cells: status and perspectives
journal, January 2016
- Battaglia, Corsin; Cuevas, Andres; De Wolf, Stefaan
- Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 9, Issue 5
Anisotropic Charge Transport in Spherulitic Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Films
journal, January 2012
- Crossland, Edward J. W.; Tremel, Kim; Fischer, Florian
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 24, Issue 6
Single Molecule Spectroscopy of Conjugated Polymer Chains in an Electric Field-Aligned Liquid Crystal
journal, January 2008
- Chang, Wei-Shun; Link, Stephan; Yethiraj, Arun
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 112, Issue 2
Electric Field Alignment of a Block Copolymer Nanopattern: Direct Observation of the Microscopic Mechanism
journal, April 2009
- Olszowka, Violetta; Hund, Markus; Kuntermann, Volker
- ACS Nano, Vol. 3, Issue 5
Electrical, Mechanical, and Structural Characterization of Self-Assembly in Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Organogel Networks
journal, April 2012
- Newbloom, Gregory M.; Weigandt, Katie M.; Pozzo, Danilo C.
- Macromolecules, Vol. 45, Issue 8, p. 3452-3462
Effect of electrospinning parameters on the nanofiber diameter and length
journal, April 2009
- Beachley, Vince; Wen, Xuejun
- Materials Science and Engineering: C, Vol. 29, Issue 3
Mechanism of the Formation of Self-Organized Microstructures in Soft Functional Materials
journal, March 2002
- Liu, X. Y.; Sawant, P. D.
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 14, Issue 6
Electric-field-enhanced crystallization of amorphous silicon
journal, October 1998
- Jang, Jin; Oh, Jae Young; Kim, Sung Ki
- Nature, Vol. 395, Issue 6701
Polarized light emission from LEDs prepared by the Langmuir-Blodgett technique
journal, February 1996
- Cimrová, Vera; Remmers, Marcus; Neher, Dieter
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 2
On-chip micromanipulation and assembly of colloidal particles by electric fields
journal, January 2006
- Velev, Orlin D.; Bhatt, Ketan H.
- Soft Matter, Vol. 2, Issue 9
Switchable optical polarizer based on electrochromism in stretch-aligned polyaniline
journal, August 2003
- Andersson, Peter; Berggren, Magnus; Kugler, Thomas
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 83, Issue 7
Roll-to-roll fabrication of polymer solar cells
journal, January 2012
- Søndergaard, Roar; Hösel, Markus; Angmo, Dechan
- Materials Today, Vol. 15, Issue 1-2
Electric Field Alignment of Symmetric Diblock Copolymer Thin Films
journal, April 2004
- Xu, Ting; Zhu, Yuqing; Gido, Samuel. P.
- Macromolecules, Vol. 37, Issue 7
Review Article—Dielectrophoresis: Status of the theory, technology, and applications
journal, June 2010
- Pethig, Ronald
- Biomicrofluidics, Vol. 4, Issue 2
Quantitative Analysis of Gold Nanorod Alignment after Electric Field-Assisted Deposition
journal, November 2009
- Ahmed, Waqqar; Kooij, E. Stefan; van Silfhout, Arend
- Nano Letters, Vol. 9, Issue 11
Field effect transistors based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) at different length scales
journal, March 2004
- Mas-Torrent, M.; Boer, D. den; Durkut, M.
- Nanotechnology, Vol. 15, Issue 4
‘‘Plastic’’ infrared polarizers from uniaxially oriented polyaniline blends
journal, October 1994
- Cao, Y.; Colaneri, N.; Heeger, A. J.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 65, Issue 16
Reduction and analysis of SANS and USANS data using IGOR Pro
journal, November 2006
- Kline, Steven R.
- Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 39, Issue 6, p. 895-900
Directed crystallization of poly(3-hexylthiophene) in micrometre channels under confinement and in electric fields
journal, January 2012
- Fischer, Florian S. U.; Tremel, Kim; Sommer, Michael
- Nanoscale, Vol. 4, Issue 6
Mesoscale Morphology and Charge Transport in Colloidal Networks of Poly(3-hexylthiophene)
journal, May 2011
- Newbloom, Gregory M.; Kim, Felix S.; Jenekhe, Samson A.
- Macromolecules, Vol. 44, Issue 10, p. 3801-3809
Flexible Electronics: Integration Processes for Organic and Inorganic Semiconductor-Based Thin-Film Transistors
journal, July 2015
- Vidor, Fábio; Meyers, Thorsten; Hilleringmann, Ulrich
- Electronics, Vol. 4, Issue 3
Fabrication of Oriented and Periodic Hybrid Nanostructures of Regioregular Poly(3-hexylthiophene) and CdSe Nanocrystals by Directional Epitaxial Solidification
journal, November 2007
- Brinkmann, M.; Aldakov, D.; Chandezon, F.
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 19, Issue 22
One-Step Macroscopic Alignment of Conjugated Polymer Systems by Epitaxial Crystallization during Spin-Coating
journal, January 2013
- Müller, Christian; Aghamohammadi, Mahdieh; Himmelberger, Scott
- Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 23, Issue 19
High-Throughput Fabrication of Organic Nanowire Devices with Preferential Internal Alignment and Improved Performance
journal, December 2007
- Hu, Zhijun; Muls, Benoît; Gence, Loïk
- Nano Letters, Vol. 7, Issue 12
Dynamic manipulation and separation of individual semiconducting and metallic nanowires
journal, January 2008
- Jamshidi, Arash; Pauzauskie, Peter J.; Schuck, P. James
- Nature Photonics, Vol. 2, Issue 2
Electric-field assisted assembly and alignment of metallic nanowires
journal, August 2000
- Smith, Peter A.; Nordquist, Christopher D.; Jackson, Thomas N.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 77, Issue 9, p. 1399-1401
Works referencing / citing this record:
Thermal Transport in Conductive Polymer–Based Materials
journal, August 2019
- Xu, Xiangfan; Zhou, Jun; Chen, Jie
- Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 8
Enhancing Molecular Alignment and Charge Transport of Solution-Sheared Semiconducting Polymer Films by the Electrical-Blade Effect
journal, May 2018
- Molina-Lopez, Francisco; Wu, Hung-Chin; Wang, Ging-Ji Nathan
- Advanced Electronic Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 7
A small-angle scattering environment for in situ ultrasound studies
journal, January 2018
- Li, David S.; Lee, Yi-Ting; Xi, Yuyin
- Soft Matter, Vol. 14, Issue 25
Self-assembly of donor–acceptor conjugated polymers induced by miscible ‘poor’ solvents
journal, January 2019
- Xi, Yuyin; Wolf, Caitlyn M.; Pozzo, Lilo D.
- Soft Matter, Vol. 15, Issue 8