Measurement of temperature and density using non-collective X-ray Thomson scattering in pulsed power produced warm dense plasmas

Valenzuela, J. C.; Krauland, C.; Mariscal, D.; Krasheninnikov, I.; Niemann, C.; Ma, T.; Mabey, P.; Gregori, G.; Wiewior, P.; Covington, A. M.; Beg, F. N.

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-26608-w

Title: Measurement of temperature and density using non-collective X-ray Thomson scattering in pulsed power produced warm dense plasmas

Abstract

We present the first experimental measurement of temperature and density of a warm dense plasma produced by a pulsed power driver at the Nevada Terawatt Facility (NTF). In the early phases of discharge, most of the mass remains in the core, and it has been challenging to diagnose with traditional methods, e.g. optical probing, because of the high density and low temperature. Accurate knowledge of the transport coefficients as well as the thermodynamic state of the plasma is important to precisely test or develop theoretical models. Here, we have used spectrally resolved non-collective X-ray Thomson scattering to characterize the dense core region. We used a graphite load driven by the Zebra current generator (0.6 MA in 200 ns rise time) and the Ti He-α line produced by irradiating a Ti target with the Leopard laser (30 J, 0.8 ns) as an X-ray probing source. Using this configuration, we obtained a signal-to-noise ratio ~2.5 for the scattered signal. Finally, by fitting the experimental data with predicted spectra, we measured T = 2±1.9 eV, ρ = 0.6±0.5 gr/cc, 70 ns into the current pulse. The complexity of the dense core is revealed by the electrons in the dense core that are foundmore »« less

Authors:

^[1]; Krauland, C. ^[1]; Mariscal, D. ^[1]; Krasheninnikov, I. ^[1]; Niemann, C. ^[2]; Ma, T. ^[3]; Mabey, P. ^[4]; Gregori, G. ^[4]; Wiewior, P. ^[5]; Covington, A. M. ^[5]; Beg, F. N. ^[1]

Univ. of California, San Diego, CA (United States). Center for Energy Research
Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Univ. of Oxford (United Kingdom). Dept. of Physics
Univ. of Nevada, Reno, NV (United States). Nevada Terawatt Facility, Dept. of Physics

Publication Date:: Wed May 30 00:00:00 EDT 2018

Research Org.:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

OSTI Identifier:: 1466942

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL-755378
Journal ID: ISSN 2045-2322; 942273

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344; NA0001995; LFR-17-449059; EP/M022331; EP/N014472/1

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Scientific Reports

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 8; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 2045-2322

Publisher:: Nature Publishing Group

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY

Citation Formats


                    Valenzuela, J. C., Krauland, C., Mariscal, D., Krasheninnikov, I., Niemann, C., Ma, T., Mabey, P., Gregori, G., Wiewior, P., Covington, A. M., and Beg, F. N. Measurement of temperature and density using non-collective X-ray Thomson scattering in pulsed power produced warm dense plasmas.  United States: N. p., 2018. 
Web.  doi:10.1038/s41598-018-26608-w.

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                    Valenzuela, J. C., Krauland, C., Mariscal, D., Krasheninnikov, I., Niemann, C., Ma, T., Mabey, P., Gregori, G., Wiewior, P., Covington, A. M., & Beg, F. N. Measurement of temperature and density using non-collective X-ray Thomson scattering in pulsed power produced warm dense plasmas.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-26608-w

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                    Valenzuela, J. C., Krauland, C., Mariscal, D., Krasheninnikov, I., Niemann, C., Ma, T., Mabey, P., Gregori, G., Wiewior, P., Covington, A. M., and Beg, F. N. Wed .  
"Measurement of temperature and density using non-collective X-ray Thomson scattering in pulsed power produced warm dense plasmas".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-26608-w.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1466942.

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@article{osti_1466942,

  title        = {Measurement of temperature and density using non-collective X-ray Thomson scattering in pulsed power produced warm dense plasmas},

  author       = {Valenzuela, J. C. and Krauland, C. and Mariscal, D. and Krasheninnikov, I. and Niemann, C. and Ma, T. and Mabey, P. and Gregori, G. and Wiewior, P. and Covington, A. M. and Beg, F. N.},

  abstractNote = {We present the first experimental measurement of temperature and density of a warm dense plasma produced by a pulsed power driver at the Nevada Terawatt Facility (NTF). In the early phases of discharge, most of the mass remains in the core, and it has been challenging to diagnose with traditional methods, e.g. optical probing, because of the high density and low temperature. Accurate knowledge of the transport coefficients as well as the thermodynamic state of the plasma is important to precisely test or develop theoretical models. Here, we have used spectrally resolved non-collective X-ray Thomson scattering to characterize the dense core region. We used a graphite load driven by the Zebra current generator (0.6 MA in 200 ns rise time) and the Ti He-α line produced by irradiating a Ti target with the Leopard laser (30 J, 0.8 ns) as an X-ray probing source. Using this configuration, we obtained a signal-to-noise ratio ~2.5 for the scattered signal. Finally, by fitting the experimental data with predicted spectra, we measured T = 2±1.9 eV, ρ = 0.6±0.5 gr/cc, 70 ns into the current pulse. The complexity of the dense core is revealed by the electrons in the dense core that are found to be degenerate and weakly coupled, while the ions remain highly coupled.},

  doi          = {10.1038/s41598-018-26608-w},

  journal      = {Scientific Reports},

  number       = 1,

  volume       = 8,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Wed May 30 00:00:00 EDT 2018},

  month        = {Wed May 30 00:00:00 EDT 2018}

}

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Works referenced in this record:

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Quantum theory of Thomson scattering
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Crowley, B. J. B.; Gregori, G.
High Energy Density Physics, Vol. 13
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Demonstration of space-resolved x-ray Thomson scattering capability for warm dense matter experiments on the Z accelerator
journal, March 2016

Ao, T.; Harding, E. C.; Bailey, J. E.
High Energy Density Physics, Vol. 18
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Thermal instability during an electrical wire explosion
journal, September 2008

Oreshkin, V. I.
Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 15, Issue 9
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Electrothermal instability growth in magnetically driven pulsed power liners
journal, September 2012

Peterson, Kyle J.; Sinars, Daniel B.; Yu, Edmund P.
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Works referencing / citing this record:

Ab initio Path Integral Monte Carlo Results for the Dynamic Structure Factor of Correlated Electrons: From the Electron Liquid to Warm Dense Matter
journal, December 2018

Dornheim, T.; Groth, S.; Vorberger, J.
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 121, Issue 25
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Ab initio Path Integral Monte Carlo Results for the Dynamic Structure Factor of Correlated Electrons: From the Electron Liquid to Warm Dense Matter
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Groth, Simon; Dornheim, Tobias; Vorberger, Jan
arXiv
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Title: Measurement of temperature and density using non-collective X-ray Thomson scattering in pulsed power produced warm dense plasmas

Abstract

Citation Formats

Observations of Plasmons in Warm Dense Matter journal, February 2007

Compton Scattering of X Rays from Bound Electrons journal, August 1970

A new quotidian equation of state (QEOS) for hot dense matter journal, January 1988

X-ray Thomson scattering in high energy density plasmas journal, December 2009

X-ray scattering by many-particle systems journal, January 2013

Electrothermal instability growth in magnetically driven pulsed power liners journal, September 2012

Observations of strong ion-ion correlations in dense plasmas journal, May 2014

Free-Electron X-Ray Laser Measurements of Collisional-Damped Plasmons in Isochorically Heated Warm Dense Matter journal, September 2015

Quantum theory of Thomson scattering journal, December 2014

Demonstration of space-resolved x-ray Thomson scattering capability for warm dense matter experiments on the Z accelerator journal, March 2016

Interaction of photons with plasmas and liquid metals - photoabsorption and scattering journal, December 1999

Derivation of the static structure factor in strongly coupled non-equilibrium plasmas for X-ray scattering studies journal, May 2007

Thermal instability during an electrical wire explosion journal, September 2008

Real-space Green's function calculations of Compton profiles journal, March 2012

Dense matter characterization by X-ray Thomson scattering journal, October 2001

Ultrabright X-ray laser scattering for dynamic warm dense matter physics journal, March 2015

Progress toward x-ray Thomson scattering of warm dense matter on the Z accelerator journal, May 2014

Investigation of the transport properties of metals in the biphase region journal, July 2010

Theoretical model of x-ray scattering as a dense matter probe journal, February 2003

X-ray Thomson scattering for measuring dense beryllium plasma collisionality journal, August 2010

Interaction of photons with plasmas and liquid metals: photoabsorption and scattering text, January 1999

Quantum theory of Thomson scattering journal, December 2014

Demonstration of space-resolved x-ray Thomson scattering capability for warm dense matter experiments on the Z accelerator journal, March 2016

Thermal instability during an electrical wire explosion journal, September 2008

Electrothermal instability growth in magnetically driven pulsed power liners journal, September 2012

Spin-polarized electron liquid at arbitrary temperatures: Exchange-correlation energies, electron-distribution functions, and the static response functions journal, December 2000

Demonstration of Spectrally Resolved X-Ray Scattering in Dense Plasmas journal, May 2003

Quenching of the Nonlocal Electron Heat Transport by Large External Magnetic Fields in a Laser-Produced Plasma Measured with Imaging Thomson Scattering journal, March 2007

Interaction of photons with plasmas and liquid metals: photoabsorption and scattering text, January 1999

Ab initio Path Integral Monte Carlo Results for the Dynamic Structure Factor of Correlated Electrons: From the Electron Liquid to Warm Dense Matter journal, December 2018

Ab initio Path Integral Monte Carlo Results for the Dynamic Structure Factor of Correlated Electrons: From the Electron Liquid to Warm Dense Matter journal, December 2018

Ab Initio Path Integral Monte Carlo Approach to the Static and Dynamic Density Response of the Uniform Electron Gas text, January 2019

Observations of Plasmons in Warm Dense Matter
journal, February 2007

Compton Scattering of X Rays from Bound Electrons
journal, August 1970

A new quotidian equation of state (QEOS) for hot dense matter
journal, January 1988

X-ray Thomson scattering in high energy density plasmas
journal, December 2009

X-ray scattering by many-particle systems
journal, January 2013

Electrothermal instability growth in magnetically driven pulsed power liners
journal, September 2012

Observations of strong ion-ion correlations in dense plasmas
journal, May 2014

Free-Electron X-Ray Laser Measurements of Collisional-Damped Plasmons in Isochorically Heated Warm Dense Matter
journal, September 2015

Quantum theory of Thomson scattering
journal, December 2014

Demonstration of space-resolved x-ray Thomson scattering capability for warm dense matter experiments on the Z accelerator
journal, March 2016

Interaction of photons with plasmas and liquid metals - photoabsorption and scattering
journal, December 1999

Derivation of the static structure factor in strongly coupled non-equilibrium plasmas for X-ray scattering studies
journal, May 2007

Thermal instability during an electrical wire explosion
journal, September 2008

Real-space Green's function calculations of Compton profiles
journal, March 2012

Dense matter characterization by X-ray Thomson scattering
journal, October 2001

Ultrabright X-ray laser scattering for dynamic warm dense matter physics
journal, March 2015

Progress toward x-ray Thomson scattering of warm dense matter on the Z accelerator
journal, May 2014

Investigation of the transport properties of metals in the biphase region
journal, July 2010

Theoretical model of x-ray scattering as a dense matter probe
journal, February 2003

X-ray Thomson scattering for measuring dense beryllium plasma collisionality
journal, August 2010

Interaction of photons with plasmas and liquid metals: photoabsorption and scattering
text, January 1999

Quantum theory of Thomson scattering
journal, December 2014

Demonstration of space-resolved x-ray Thomson scattering capability for warm dense matter experiments on the Z accelerator
journal, March 2016

Thermal instability during an electrical wire explosion
journal, September 2008

Electrothermal instability growth in magnetically driven pulsed power liners
journal, September 2012

Spin-polarized electron liquid at arbitrary temperatures: Exchange-correlation energies, electron-distribution functions, and the static response functions
journal, December 2000

Demonstration of Spectrally Resolved X-Ray Scattering in Dense Plasmas
journal, May 2003

Quenching of the Nonlocal Electron Heat Transport by Large External Magnetic Fields in a Laser-Produced Plasma Measured with Imaging Thomson Scattering
journal, March 2007

Interaction of photons with plasmas and liquid metals: photoabsorption and scattering
text, January 1999

Ab initio Path Integral Monte Carlo Results for the Dynamic Structure Factor of Correlated Electrons: From the Electron Liquid to Warm Dense Matter
journal, December 2018

Ab initio Path Integral Monte Carlo Results for the Dynamic Structure Factor of Correlated Electrons: From the Electron Liquid to Warm Dense Matter
journal, December 2018

Ab Initio Path Integral Monte Carlo Approach to the Static and Dynamic Density Response of the Uniform Electron Gas
text, January 2019