Cu2ZnSnS4 solar cells with over 10% power conversion efficiency enabled by heterojunction heat treatment

Yan, Chang; Huang, Jialiang; Sun, Kaiwen; Johnston, Steve; Zhang, Yuanfang; Sun, Heng; Pu, Aobo; He, Mingrui; Liu, Fangyang; Eder, Katja; Yang, Limei; Cairney, Julie M.; Ekins-Daukes, N. J.; Hameiri, Ziv; Stride, John A.; Chen, Shiyou; Green, Martin A.; Hao, Xiaojing

doi:10.1038/s41560-018-0206-0

Title: Cu₂ZnSnS₄ solar cells with over 10% power conversion efficiency enabled by heterojunction heat treatment

Journal Article · 23 July 2018 · Nature Energy

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-018-0206-0 · OSTI ID:1466563

Yan, Chang ^[1];

^[1];

^[1]; Johnston, Steve ^[2]; Zhang, Yuanfang ^[1]; Sun, Heng ^[1]; Pu, Aobo ^[1]; He, Mingrui ^[1]; Liu, Fangyang ^[1]; Eder, Katja ^[3]; Yang, Limei ^[3]; Cairney, Julie M. ^[3]; Ekins-Daukes, N. J. ^[1]; Hameiri, Ziv ^[1]; Stride, John A. ^[1];

^[4]; Green, Martin A. ^[1];

^[1]

Univ. of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW (Australia)
National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
Univ. of Sydney, NSW (Australia)
East China Normal Univ. (ECNU), Shanghai (China)

Sulfide kesterite Cu₂ZnSnS₄ provides an attractive low-cost, environmentally benign and stable photovoltaic material, yet the record power conversion efficiency for such solar cells has been stagnant at around 9% for years. Severe non-radiative recombination within the heterojunction region is a major cause limiting voltage output and overall performance. Here we report a certified 11% efficiency Cu₂ZnSnS₄ solar cell with a high 730 mV open-circuit voltage using heat treatment to reduce heterojunction recombination. This heat treatment facilitates elemental inter-diffusion, directly inducing Cd atoms to occupy Zn or Cu lattice sites, and promotes Na accumulation accompanied by local Cu deficiency within the heterojunction region. Consequently, new phases are formed near the hetero-interface and more favourable conduction band alignment is obtained, contributing to reduced non-radiative recombination. Using this approach, we also demonstrate a certified centimetre-scale (1.11 cm2) 10% efficiency Cu₂ZnSnS₄ photovoltaic device; the first kesterite cell (including selenium-containing) of standard centimetre-size to exceed 10%.

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Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308

OSTI ID:: 1466563

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA-5K00-72245

Journal Information:: Nature Energy, Vol. 3, Issue 9; ISSN 2058-7546

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cd-Free Cu ₂ ZnSnS ₄ solar cell with an efficiency greater than 10% enabled by Al ₂ O ₃ passivation layers Cui, Xin; Sun, Kaiwen; Huang, Jialiang Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 12, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ee01726g	journal	January 2019
Emerging inorganic solar cell efficiency tables (Version 1) Wong, Lydia H.; Zakutayev, Andriy; Major, Jonathan D. Journal of Physics: Energy, Vol. 1, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7655/ab2338	journal	July 2019
Aqueous-based Binary Sulfide Nanoparticle Inks for Cu2ZnSnS4 Thin Films Stabilized with Tin(IV) Chalcogenide Complexes Wang, Han; Yasin, Amrita; Quitoriano, Nathaniel Nanomaterials, Vol. 9, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9101382	journal	September 2019
Back and front contacts in kesterite solar cells: state-of-the-art and open questions Platzer-Björkman, Charlotte; Barreau, Nicolas; Bär, Marcus Journal of Physics: Energy, Vol. 1, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7655/ab3708	journal	October 2019
7.5% n–i–p Sb ₂ Se ₃ solar cells with CuSCN as a hole-transport layer Li, Kanghua; Wang, Siyu; Chen, Chao Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta01773a	journal	January 2019
Phase pure CuSbS2 thin films by heat treatment of electrodeposited Sb2S3/Cu layers García, R. G. Avilez; Cerdán-Pasarán, Andrea; Perez, E. A. Rueda Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, Vol. 24, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-019-04475-3	journal	January 2020
Cadmium Free Cu ₂ ZnSnS ₄ Solar Cells with 9.7% Efficiency Larsen, Jes K.; Larsson, Fredrik; Törndahl, Tobias Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 9, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201900439	journal	April 2019

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Related Subjects

14 SOLAR ENERGY
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
conversion efficiency
copper
copper compounds
efficiency
energy efficiency
heat treatment
heterojunctions
open circuit voltage
solar cells
solar power generation
tin compounds zinc compounds

Title: Cu2ZnSnS4 solar cells with over 10% power conversion efficiency enabled by heterojunction heat treatment

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Title: Cu₂ZnSnS₄ solar cells with over 10% power conversion efficiency enabled by heterojunction heat treatment