India Is Overtaking China as the World’s Largest Emitter of Anthropogenic Sulfur Dioxide
Abstract
Severe haze is a major public health concern in China and India. Both countries rely heavily on coal for energy, and sulfur dioxide (SO2) emitted from coal-fired power plants and industry is a major pollutant contributing to their air quality problems. Timely, accurate information on SO2 sources is a required input to air quality models for pollution prediction and mitigation. However, such information has been difficult to obtain for these two countries, as fast-paced changes in economy and environmental regulations have often led to unforeseen emission changes. Here we use satellite observations to show that China and India are on opposite trajectories for sulfurous pollution. Since 2007, emissions in China have declined by 75% while those in India have increased by 50%. With these changes, India is now surpassing China as the world's largest emitter of anthropogenic SO2. This finding, not predicted by emission scenarios, suggests effective SO2 control in China and lack thereof in India. Despite this, haze remains severe in China, indicating the importance of reducing emissions of other pollutants. In India, ~33 million people now live in areas with substantial SO2 pollution. In conclusion, continued growth in emissions will adversely affect more people and further exacerbate morbiditymore »
- Authors:
-
[3];
[4];
[6];
[7];
- Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States); NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States)
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto (Canada)
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States)
- Michigan Technological Univ., Houghton, MI (United States)
- Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
- Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)
- Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD (United States)
- Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States); Beijing Normal Univ., Beijing (China)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); National Science Foundation (NSF); National Science Foundation of China; USDOE
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1466387
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-06CH11357
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Scientific Reports
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 7; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 2045-2322
- Publisher:
- Nature Publishing Group
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Citation Formats
Li, Can, McLinden, Chris, Fioletov, Vitali, Krotkov, Nickolay, Carn, Simon, Joiner, Joanna, Streets, David, He, Hao, Ren, Xinrong, Li, Zhanqing, and Dickerson, Russell R. India Is Overtaking China as the World’s Largest Emitter of Anthropogenic Sulfur Dioxide. United States: N. p., 2017.
Web. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-14639-8.
Li, Can, McLinden, Chris, Fioletov, Vitali, Krotkov, Nickolay, Carn, Simon, Joiner, Joanna, Streets, David, He, Hao, Ren, Xinrong, Li, Zhanqing, & Dickerson, Russell R. India Is Overtaking China as the World’s Largest Emitter of Anthropogenic Sulfur Dioxide. United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-14639-8
Li, Can, McLinden, Chris, Fioletov, Vitali, Krotkov, Nickolay, Carn, Simon, Joiner, Joanna, Streets, David, He, Hao, Ren, Xinrong, Li, Zhanqing, and Dickerson, Russell R. Thu .
"India Is Overtaking China as the World’s Largest Emitter of Anthropogenic Sulfur Dioxide". United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-14639-8. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1466387.
@article{osti_1466387,
title = {India Is Overtaking China as the World’s Largest Emitter of Anthropogenic Sulfur Dioxide},
author = {Li, Can and McLinden, Chris and Fioletov, Vitali and Krotkov, Nickolay and Carn, Simon and Joiner, Joanna and Streets, David and He, Hao and Ren, Xinrong and Li, Zhanqing and Dickerson, Russell R.},
abstractNote = {Severe haze is a major public health concern in China and India. Both countries rely heavily on coal for energy, and sulfur dioxide (SO2) emitted from coal-fired power plants and industry is a major pollutant contributing to their air quality problems. Timely, accurate information on SO2 sources is a required input to air quality models for pollution prediction and mitigation. However, such information has been difficult to obtain for these two countries, as fast-paced changes in economy and environmental regulations have often led to unforeseen emission changes. Here we use satellite observations to show that China and India are on opposite trajectories for sulfurous pollution. Since 2007, emissions in China have declined by 75% while those in India have increased by 50%. With these changes, India is now surpassing China as the world's largest emitter of anthropogenic SO2. This finding, not predicted by emission scenarios, suggests effective SO2 control in China and lack thereof in India. Despite this, haze remains severe in China, indicating the importance of reducing emissions of other pollutants. In India, ~33 million people now live in areas with substantial SO2 pollution. In conclusion, continued growth in emissions will adversely affect more people and further exacerbate morbidity and mortality.},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-017-14639-8},
journal = {Scientific Reports},
number = 1,
volume = 7,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Nov 09 00:00:00 EST 2017},
month = {Thu Nov 09 00:00:00 EST 2017}
}
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- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 16
Re-Examining Embodied SO2 and CO2 Emissions in China
journal, May 2018
- Huang, Rui; Hubacek, Klaus; Feng, Kuishuang
- Sustainability, Vol. 10, Issue 5
A new global anthropogenic SO 2 emission inventory for the last decade: a mosaic of satellite-derived and bottom-up emissions
journal, January 2018
- Liu, Fei; Choi, Sungyeon; Li, Can
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 22
Associations between daily air quality and hospitalisations for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Beijing, 2013–17: an ecological analysis
journal, June 2019
- Liang, Lirong; Cai, Yutong; Barratt, Benjamin
- The Lancet Planetary Health, Vol. 3, Issue 6
Balance of Emission and Dynamical Controls on Ozone During the Korea‐United States Air Quality Campaign From Multiconstituent Satellite Data Assimilation
journal, January 2019
- Miyazaki, K.; Sekiya, T.; Fu, D.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 124, Issue 1
Hybrid Mass Balance/4D‐Var Joint Inversion of NO x and SO 2 Emissions in East Asia
journal, July 2019
- Qu, Zhen; Henze, Daven K.; Theys, Nicolas
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 124, Issue 14
SO 2 Emission Estimates Using OMI SO 2 Retrievals for 2005–2017
journal, July 2019
- Qu, Zhen; Henze, Daven K.; Li, Can
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 124, Issue 14
Drivers of improved PM 2.5 air quality in China from 2013 to 2017
journal, November 2019
- Zhang, Qiang; Zheng, Yixuan; Tong, Dan
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 116, Issue 49
Effect of global atmospheric aerosol emission change on PM 2.5 -related health impacts
journal, January 2019
- Seposo, Xerxes; Ueda, Kayo; Park, Sang Seo
- Global Health Action, Vol. 12, Issue 1
Washability and Distribution Behaviors of Trace Elements of a High-Sulfur Coal, SW Guizhou, China
journal, February 2018
- Cheng, Wei; Yang, Ruidong; Zhang, Qin
- Minerals, Vol. 8, Issue 2
Global Land Surface Temperature Influenced by Vegetation Cover and PM2.5 from 2001 to 2016
journal, December 2018
- Song, Zengjing; Li, Ruihai; Qiu, Ruiyang
- Remote Sensing, Vol. 10, Issue 12
The Effect of Environmental Regulation on Employment in China: Empirical Research Based on Individual-Level Data
journal, July 2018
- Liu, Feng; Xu, Kangning; Zheng, Meina
- Sustainability, Vol. 10, Issue 7
Connecting regional aerosol emissions reductions to local and remote precipitation responses
journal, January 2018
- Westervelt, Daniel M.; Conley, Andrew J.; Fiore, Arlene M.
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 16
Nitrate-driven urban haze pollution during summertime over the North China Plain
journal, January 2018
- Li, Haiyan; Zhang, Qiang; Zheng, Bo
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 8
Significant climate impacts of aerosol changes driven by growth in energy use and advances in emission control technology
journal, January 2019
- Zhao, Alcide; Bollasina, Massimo A.; Crippa, Monica
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 23
The regional temperature implications of strong air quality measures
journal, January 2019
- Aamaas, Borgar; Berntsen, Terje Koren; Samset, Bjørn Hallvard
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 24
BVOC–aerosol–climate feedbacks investigated using NorESM
journal, January 2019
- Sporre, Moa K.; Blichner, Sara M.; Karset, Inger H. H.
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 7
High efficiency of livestock ammonia emission controls in alleviating particulate nitrate during a severe winter haze episode in northern China
journal, January 2019
- Xu, Zhenying; Liu, Mingxu; Zhang, Minsi
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 8
Mutual promotion between aerosol particle liquid water and particulate nitrate enhancement leads to severe nitrate-dominated particulate matter pollution and low visibility
journal, February 2020
- Wang, Yu; Chen, Ying; Wu, Zhijun
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 20, Issue 4
Revealing the sulfur dioxide emission reductions in China by assimilating surface observations in WRF-Chem
journal, March 2021
- Dai, Tie; Cheng, Yueming; Goto, Daisuke
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 21, Issue 6
Differing precipitation response between solar radiation management and carbon dioxide removal due to fast and slow components
journal, January 2020
- Laakso, Anton; Snyder, Peter K.; Liess, Stefan
- Earth System Dynamics, Vol. 11, Issue 2
Concentrations and radiative forcing of anthropogenic aerosols from 1750 to 2014 simulated with the Oslo CTM3 and CEDS emission inventory
journal, January 2018
- Lund, Marianne Tronstad; Myhre, Gunnar; Haslerud, Amund Søvde
- Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 11, Issue 12