Using the maximum entropy distribution to describe electrons in reconnecting current sheets

Ng, Jonathan; Hakim, Ammar; Bhattacharjee, A.

doi:10.1063/1.5041758

Title: Using the maximum entropy distribution to describe electrons in reconnecting current sheets

Abstract

Particle distributions in weakly collisional environments such as the magnetosphere have been observed to show deviations from the Maxwellian distribution. These can often be reproduced in kinetic simulations, but fluid models, which are used in global simulations of the magnetosphere, do not necessarily capture any of this. We apply the maximum entropy fluid closure of Levermore, which leads to well posed moment equations, to reconstruct particle distributions from a kinetic simulation in a reconnection region. Our results show that without information other than the moments, the model can reproduce the general structure of the distributions but not all of the finer details. In conclusion, the advantages of the closure over the traditional Grad closure are also discussed.

Authors:

^[1]; Hakim, Ammar ^[1]; Bhattacharjee, A. ^[1]

Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States); Princeton Univ., Princeton, NJ (United States)

Publication Date:: Fri Aug 17 00:00:00 EDT 2018

Research Org.:: Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1465997

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1464989

Grant/Contract Number:: AGS-1338944; AC02-09CH11466

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Physics of Plasmas

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 25; Journal Issue: 8; Journal ID: ISSN 1070-664X

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY

Citation Formats


                    Ng, Jonathan, Hakim, Ammar, and Bhattacharjee, A. Using the maximum entropy distribution to describe electrons in reconnecting current sheets.  United States: N. p., 2018. 
Web.  doi:10.1063/1.5041758.

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                    Ng, Jonathan, Hakim, Ammar, & Bhattacharjee, A. Using the maximum entropy distribution to describe electrons in reconnecting current sheets.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5041758

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                    Ng, Jonathan, Hakim, Ammar, and Bhattacharjee, A. Fri .  
"Using the maximum entropy distribution to describe electrons in reconnecting current sheets".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5041758.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1465997.

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@article{osti_1465997,

  title        = {Using the maximum entropy distribution to describe electrons in reconnecting current sheets},

  author       = {Ng, Jonathan and Hakim, Ammar and Bhattacharjee, A.},

  abstractNote = {Particle distributions in weakly collisional environments such as the magnetosphere have been observed to show deviations from the Maxwellian distribution. These can often be reproduced in kinetic simulations, but fluid models, which are used in global simulations of the magnetosphere, do not necessarily capture any of this. We apply the maximum entropy fluid closure of Levermore, which leads to well posed moment equations, to reconstruct particle distributions from a kinetic simulation in a reconnection region. Our results show that without information other than the moments, the model can reproduce the general structure of the distributions but not all of the finer details. In conclusion, the advantages of the closure over the traditional Grad closure are also discussed.},

  doi          = {10.1063/1.5041758},

  journal      = {Physics of Plasmas},

  number       = 8,

  volume       = 25,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Fri Aug 17 00:00:00 EDT 2018},

  month        = {Fri Aug 17 00:00:00 EDT 2018}

}

Copy to clipboard

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Title: Using the maximum entropy distribution to describe electrons in reconnecting current sheets

Abstract

Citation Formats

Moment closure hierarchies for kinetic theories journal, June 1996

The role of electron heat flux in guide-field magnetic reconnection journal, December 2004

Hybrid modeling of collisionless reconnection in two-dimensional current sheets: Simulations journal, November 1995

Enhanced electron mixing and heating in 3‐D asymmetric reconnection at the Earth's magnetopause journal, March 2017

Moment Closure Approximations of the Boltzmann Equation Based on $$\varphi $$ φ -Divergences journal, May 2016

Information Theory and Statistical Mechanics journal, May 1957

A Framework on Moment Model Reduction for Kinetic Equation journal, January 2015

Comparison of multi-fluid moment models with particle-in-cell simulations of collisionless magnetic reconnection journal, January 2015

Affordable robust moment closures for CFD based on the maximum-entropy hierarchy journal, October 2013

Temperature gradient driven heat flux closure in fluid simulations of collisionless reconnection journal, June 2018

On Choosing and Bounding Probability Metrics journal, December 2002

Note onN-dimensional hermite polynomials journal, December 1949

On the kinetic theory of rarefied gases journal, December 1949

Equations of State for Collisionless Guide-Field Reconnection journal, February 2009

Towards physically realizable and hyperbolic moment closures for kinetic theory journal, November 2009

Chemically segregated optical and microphysical properties of ambient aerosols measured in a single-particle mass spectrometer journal, January 2008

Geospace Environmental Modeling (GEM) Magnetic Reconnection Challenge journal, March 2001

The effect of reconnection electric field on crescent and U-shaped distribution functions in asymmetric reconnection with no guide field journal, July 2017

Regularization of Grad’s 13 moment equations: Derivation and linear analysis journal, August 2003

Magnetic reconnection at the dayside magnetopause: Advances with MMS: MAGNETOPAUSE RECONNECTION WITH MMS journal, August 2016

Hybrid and Hall-MHD simulations of collisionless reconnection: Dynamics of the electron pressure tensor journal, June 2001

Simulations of anti-parallel reconnection using a nonlocal heat flux closure journal, August 2017

Maximum Entropy Modeling of Short Sequence Motifs with Applications to RNA Splicing Signals journal, March 2004

Kinetic Physics of the Solar Corona and Solar Wind journal, January 2006

On a plasma sheath separating regions of oppositely directed magnetic field journal, January 1962

Towards realizable hyperbolic moment closures for viscous heat-conducting gas flows based on a maximum-entropy distribution journal, June 2012

A review of pressure anisotropy caused by electron trapping in collisionless plasma, and its implications for magnetic reconnection journal, June 2013

LXXVI. Conditions for the occurrence of electrical discharges in astrophysical systems journal, July 1953

Electron distribution functions in the electron diffusion region of magnetic reconnection: Physics behind the fine structures journal, December 2014

Domain of Definition of Levermore's Five-Moment System journal, December 1998

The island coalescence problem: Scaling of reconnection in extended fluid models including higher-order moments journal, November 2015

Generalized Burnett Hydrodynamics journal, May 2008

Multi-dimensional validation of a maximum-entropy-based interpolative moment closure conference, January 2016

The Plasma Simulation Code: A modern particle-in-cell code with patch-based load-balancing journal, August 2016

Maximum-entropy models of galaxies journal, April 1988

Regularized 13-moment equations: shock structure calculations and comparison to Burnett models journal, January 1999

Onsager's-principle-consistent 13-moment transport equations journal, June 2016

A multi-species 13-moment model for moderately collisional plasmas journal, August 2016

The structure of the electron outflow jet in collisionless magnetic reconnection journal, November 2008

In situ evidence of electron energization in the electron diffusion region of magnetotail reconnection: ELECTRON DIFFUSION REGION journal, March 2016

Kinetic Structure of the Electron Diffusion Region in Antiparallel Magnetic Reconnection journal, February 2011

The 35-Moment System with the Maximum-Entropy Closure for Rarefied Gas Flows journal, July 2017

Thermodynamically Admissible 13 Moment Equations from the Boltzmann Equation journal, March 2010

Hyperbolic Moment Equations in Kinetic Gas Theory Based on Multi-variate Pearson-IV-distributions journal, June 2010

On Choosing and Bounding Probability Metrics journal, December 2002

A Framework on Moment Model Reduction for Kinetic Equation preprint, January 2014

Moment closure hierarchies for kinetic theories
journal, June 1996

The role of electron heat flux in guide-field magnetic reconnection
journal, December 2004

Hybrid modeling of collisionless reconnection in two-dimensional current sheets: Simulations
journal, November 1995

Enhanced electron mixing and heating in 3‐D asymmetric reconnection at the Earth's magnetopause
journal, March 2017

Moment Closure Approximations of the Boltzmann Equation Based on $$\varphi $$ φ -Divergences
journal, May 2016

Information Theory and Statistical Mechanics
journal, May 1957

A Framework on Moment Model Reduction for Kinetic Equation
journal, January 2015

Comparison of multi-fluid moment models with particle-in-cell simulations of collisionless magnetic reconnection
journal, January 2015

Affordable robust moment closures for CFD based on the maximum-entropy hierarchy
journal, October 2013

Temperature gradient driven heat flux closure in fluid simulations of collisionless reconnection
journal, June 2018

On Choosing and Bounding Probability Metrics
journal, December 2002

Note onN-dimensional hermite polynomials
journal, December 1949

On the kinetic theory of rarefied gases
journal, December 1949

Equations of State for Collisionless Guide-Field Reconnection
journal, February 2009

Towards physically realizable and hyperbolic moment closures for kinetic theory
journal, November 2009

Chemically segregated optical and microphysical properties of ambient aerosols measured in a single-particle mass spectrometer
journal, January 2008

Geospace Environmental Modeling (GEM) Magnetic Reconnection Challenge
journal, March 2001

The effect of reconnection electric field on crescent and U-shaped distribution functions in asymmetric reconnection with no guide field
journal, July 2017

Regularization of Grad’s 13 moment equations: Derivation and linear analysis
journal, August 2003

Magnetic reconnection at the dayside magnetopause: Advances with MMS: MAGNETOPAUSE RECONNECTION WITH MMS
journal, August 2016

Hybrid and Hall-MHD simulations of collisionless reconnection: Dynamics of the electron pressure tensor
journal, June 2001

Simulations of anti-parallel reconnection using a nonlocal heat flux closure
journal, August 2017

Maximum Entropy Modeling of Short Sequence Motifs with Applications to RNA Splicing Signals
journal, March 2004

Kinetic Physics of the Solar Corona and Solar Wind
journal, January 2006

On a plasma sheath separating regions of oppositely directed magnetic field
journal, January 1962

Towards realizable hyperbolic moment closures for viscous heat-conducting gas flows based on a maximum-entropy distribution
journal, June 2012

A review of pressure anisotropy caused by electron trapping in collisionless plasma, and its implications for magnetic reconnection
journal, June 2013

LXXVI. Conditions for the occurrence of electrical discharges in astrophysical systems
journal, July 1953

Electron distribution functions in the electron diffusion region of magnetic reconnection: Physics behind the fine structures
journal, December 2014

Domain of Definition of Levermore's Five-Moment System
journal, December 1998

The island coalescence problem: Scaling of reconnection in extended fluid models including higher-order moments
journal, November 2015

Generalized Burnett Hydrodynamics
journal, May 2008

Multi-dimensional validation of a maximum-entropy-based interpolative moment closure
conference, January 2016

The Plasma Simulation Code: A modern particle-in-cell code with patch-based load-balancing
journal, August 2016

Maximum-entropy models of galaxies
journal, April 1988

Regularized 13-moment equations: shock structure calculations and comparison to Burnett models
journal, January 1999

Onsager's-principle-consistent 13-moment transport equations
journal, June 2016

A multi-species 13-moment model for moderately collisional plasmas
journal, August 2016

The structure of the electron outflow jet in collisionless magnetic reconnection
journal, November 2008

In situ evidence of electron energization in the electron diffusion region of magnetotail reconnection: ELECTRON DIFFUSION REGION
journal, March 2016

Kinetic Structure of the Electron Diffusion Region in Antiparallel Magnetic Reconnection
journal, February 2011

The 35-Moment System with the Maximum-Entropy Closure for Rarefied Gas Flows
journal, July 2017

Thermodynamically Admissible 13 Moment Equations from the Boltzmann Equation
journal, March 2010

Hyperbolic Moment Equations in Kinetic Gas Theory Based on Multi-variate Pearson-IV-distributions
journal, June 2010

On Choosing and Bounding Probability Metrics
journal, December 2002

A Framework on Moment Model Reduction for Kinetic Equation
preprint, January 2014