Multiple mechanisms generate a universal scaling with dissipation for the air-water gas transfer velocity

Katul, Gabriel; Liu, Heping

doi:10.1002/2016GL072256

Title: Multiple mechanisms generate a universal scaling with dissipation for the air-water gas transfer velocity

Abstract

A large corpus of field and laboratory experiments support the finding that the water side transfer velocity kL of sparingly soluble gases near air-water interfaces scales as k_L~(νε)^1/4, where ν is the kinematic water viscosity and ε is the mean turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate. Originally predicted from surface renewal theory, this scaling appears to hold for marine and coastal systems and across many environmental conditions. It is shown that multiple approaches to representing the effects of turbulence on kL lead to this expression when the Kolmogorov microscale is assumed to be the most efficient transporting eddy near the interface. The approaches considered range from simplified surface renewal schemes with distinct models for renewal durations, scaling and dimensional considerations, and a new structure function approach derived using analogies between scalar and momentum transfer. The work offers a new perspective as to why the aforementioned 1/4 scaling is robust.

Authors:

^[1];

^[2]

Duke Univ., Durham, NC (United States). Nicholas School of the Environment; Duke Univ., Durham, NC (United States). Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA (United States). Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering

Publication Date:: Fri Feb 24 00:00:00 EST 2017

Research Org.:: Duke Univ., Durham, NC (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

OSTI Identifier:: 1465345

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1402208

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0006967; SC0011461; NSF-EAR-1344703; NSF-DGE-1068871; NSF-AGS-1112938

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Geophysical Research Letters

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 44; Journal Issue: 4; Journal ID: ISSN 0094-8276

Publisher:: American Geophysical Union

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; turbulence; air‐water exchange; gas transfer velocity; surface renewal; Kolmogorov scaling; surface divergence

Citation Formats


                    Katul, Gabriel, and Liu, Heping. Multiple mechanisms generate a universal scaling with dissipation for the air-water gas transfer velocity.  United States: N. p., 2017. 
Web.  doi:10.1002/2016GL072256.

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                    Katul, Gabriel, & Liu, Heping. Multiple mechanisms generate a universal scaling with dissipation for the air-water gas transfer velocity.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL072256

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                    Katul, Gabriel, and Liu, Heping. Fri .  
"Multiple mechanisms generate a universal scaling with dissipation for the air-water gas transfer velocity".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL072256.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1465345.

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@article{osti_1465345,

  title        = {Multiple mechanisms generate a universal scaling with dissipation for the air-water gas transfer velocity},

  author       = {Katul, Gabriel and Liu, Heping},

  abstractNote = {A large corpus of field and laboratory experiments support the finding that the water side transfer velocity kL of sparingly soluble gases near air-water interfaces scales as kL~(νε)1/4, where ν is the kinematic water viscosity and ε is the mean turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate. Originally predicted from surface renewal theory, this scaling appears to hold for marine and coastal systems and across many environmental conditions. It is shown that multiple approaches to representing the effects of turbulence on kL lead to this expression when the Kolmogorov microscale is assumed to be the most efficient transporting eddy near the interface. The approaches considered range from simplified surface renewal schemes with distinct models for renewal durations, scaling and dimensional considerations, and a new structure function approach derived using analogies between scalar and momentum transfer. The work offers a new perspective as to why the aforementioned 1/4 scaling is robust.},

  doi          = {10.1002/2016GL072256},

  journal      = {Geophysical Research Letters},

  number       = 4,

  volume       = 44,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Fri Feb 24 00:00:00 EST 2017},

  month        = {Fri Feb 24 00:00:00 EST 2017}

}

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Works referencing / citing this record:

Turbulence Scaling Comparisons in the Ocean Surface Boundary Layer
journal, March 2018

Esters, L.; Breivik, Ø.; Landwehr, S.
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Gas exchange in streams and rivers
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Title: Multiple mechanisms generate a universal scaling with dissipation for the air-water gas transfer velocity

Abstract

Citation Formats

Mechanistic Analytical Models for Long‐Distance Seed Dispersal by Wind journal, September 2005

Parameterization of the Cool Skin of the Ocean and of the Air-Ocean Gas Transfer on the Basis of Modeling Surface Renewal journal, June 1994

Buoyancy flux, turbulence, and the gas transfer coefficient in a stratified lake: TURBULENCE AND GAS EVASION IN LAKES journal, December 2010

An eddy cell model of mass transfer into the surface of a turbulent liquid journal, July 1970

Air-Water gas Exchange journal, January 1998

Conditional sampling, bursting, and the intermittent structure of sensible heat flux journal, January 1994

Large CO 2 effluxes at night and during synoptic weather events significantly contribute to CO 2 emissions from a reservoir journal, May 2016

Models of the scalar spectrum for turbulent advection journal, October 1978

Environmental turbulent mixing controls on air-water gas exchange in marine and aquatic systems journal, January 2007

A model for evaporation as a molecular diffusion process into a turbulent atmosphere journal, October 1965

A surface renewal model to analyze infrared image sequences of the ocean surface for the study of air-sea heat and gas exchange: SURFACE RENEWAL TO ANALYZE IR IMAGES journal, August 2004

On the Spectrum of Isotropic Temperature Fluctuations in an Isotropic Turbulence journal, April 1951

The continuous phase heat and mass-transfer properties of dispersions journal, December 1961

Local isotropy in turbulent boundary layers at high Reynolds number journal, June 1994

A functional form for the energy spectrum parametrizing bottleneck and intermittency effects journal, June 2008

On the coefficients of small eddy and surface divergence models for the air-water gas transfer velocity journal, March 2015

Multiple approaches to estimating air-water gas exchange in small lakes: Gas exchange in lakes journal, June 2010

Lake-size dependency of wind shear and convection as controls on gas exchange: LAKE-SIZE DEPENDENCY OF journal, May 2012

Advances in Quantifying Air-Sea Gas Exchange and Environmental Forcing journal, January 2009

The role of breaking wavelets in air-sea gas transfer journal, January 1990

A comparative assessment of spectral closures as applied to passive scalar diffusion journal, November 1982

Gas Exchange in Rivers and Estuaries: Choosing a Gas Transfer Velocity journal, April 2001

S MALL -S CALE H YDRODYNAMICS IN L AKES journal, January 2003

Oceanic convective mixing and the impact on air-sea gas transfer velocity: CONVECTIVE MIXING AND AIR-SEA EXCHANGE journal, January 2011

Toward a Unified Scaling Relation for Interfacial Fluxes journal, May 2006

Small-scale variation of convected quantities like temperature in turbulent fluid Part 1. General discussion and the case of small conductivity journal, January 1959

Surface-renewal models in mass transfer journal, December 1961

On the Statistical Theory of Isotropic Turbulence journal, January 1938

Surface age of surface renewal in turbulent interfacial transport journal, January 2009

A random eddy modification of the penetration theory journal, March 1962

Significance of Liquid-Film Coefficients in Gas Absorption journal, June 1951

The relationship between ocean surface turbulence and air-sea gas transfer velocity: An in-situ evaluation journal, May 2016

Turbulence Scaling Comparisons in the Ocean Surface Boundary Layer journal, March 2018

Gas exchange in streams and rivers journal, October 2019

Mechanistic Analytical Models for Long‐Distance Seed Dispersal by Wind
journal, September 2005

Parameterization of the Cool Skin of the Ocean and of the Air-Ocean Gas Transfer on the Basis of Modeling Surface Renewal
journal, June 1994

Buoyancy flux, turbulence, and the gas transfer coefficient in a stratified lake: TURBULENCE AND GAS EVASION IN LAKES
journal, December 2010

An eddy cell model of mass transfer into the surface of a turbulent liquid
journal, July 1970

Air-Water gas Exchange
journal, January 1998

Conditional sampling, bursting, and the intermittent structure of sensible heat flux
journal, January 1994

Large CO ₂ effluxes at night and during synoptic weather events significantly contribute to CO ₂ emissions from a reservoir
journal, May 2016

Models of the scalar spectrum for turbulent advection
journal, October 1978

Environmental turbulent mixing controls on air-water gas exchange in marine and aquatic systems
journal, January 2007

A model for evaporation as a molecular diffusion process into a turbulent atmosphere
journal, October 1965

A surface renewal model to analyze infrared image sequences of the ocean surface for the study of air-sea heat and gas exchange: SURFACE RENEWAL TO ANALYZE IR IMAGES
journal, August 2004

On the Spectrum of Isotropic Temperature Fluctuations in an Isotropic Turbulence
journal, April 1951

The continuous phase heat and mass-transfer properties of dispersions
journal, December 1961

Local isotropy in turbulent boundary layers at high Reynolds number
journal, June 1994

A functional form for the energy spectrum parametrizing bottleneck and intermittency effects
journal, June 2008

On the coefficients of small eddy and surface divergence models for the air-water gas transfer velocity
journal, March 2015

Multiple approaches to estimating air-water gas exchange in small lakes: Gas exchange in lakes
journal, June 2010

Lake-size dependency of wind shear and convection as controls on gas exchange: LAKE-SIZE DEPENDENCY OF
journal, May 2012

Advances in Quantifying Air-Sea Gas Exchange and Environmental Forcing
journal, January 2009

The role of breaking wavelets in air-sea gas transfer
journal, January 1990

A comparative assessment of spectral closures as applied to passive scalar diffusion
journal, November 1982

Gas Exchange in Rivers and Estuaries: Choosing a Gas Transfer Velocity
journal, April 2001

S MALL -S CALE H YDRODYNAMICS IN L AKES
journal, January 2003

Oceanic convective mixing and the impact on air-sea gas transfer velocity: CONVECTIVE MIXING AND AIR-SEA EXCHANGE
journal, January 2011

Toward a Unified Scaling Relation for Interfacial Fluxes
journal, May 2006

Small-scale variation of convected quantities like temperature in turbulent fluid Part 1. General discussion and the case of small conductivity
journal, January 1959

Surface-renewal models in mass transfer
journal, December 1961

On the Statistical Theory of Isotropic Turbulence
journal, January 1938

Surface age of surface renewal in turbulent interfacial transport
journal, January 2009

A random eddy modification of the penetration theory
journal, March 1962

Significance of Liquid-Film Coefficients in Gas Absorption
journal, June 1951

The relationship between ocean surface turbulence and air-sea gas transfer velocity: An in-situ evaluation
journal, May 2016

Turbulence Scaling Comparisons in the Ocean Surface Boundary Layer
journal, March 2018

Gas exchange in streams and rivers
journal, October 2019