Observation of topologically protected states at crystalline phase boundaries in single-layer WSe2

Ugeda, Miguel M.; Pulkin, Artem; Tang, Shujie; Ryu, Hyejin; Wu, Quansheng; Zhang, Yi; Wong, Dillon; Pedramrazi, Zahra; Martín-Recio, Ana; Chen, Yi; Wang, Feng; Shen, Zhi-Xun; Mo, Sung-Kwan; Yazyev, Oleg V.; Crommie, Michael F.

doi:10.1038/s41467-018-05672-w

Title: Observation of topologically protected states at crystalline phase boundaries in single-layer WSe2

Journal Article · 23 August 2018 · Nature Communications

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05672-w · OSTI ID:1465222

Ugeda, Miguel M.; Pulkin, Artem; Tang, Shujie; Ryu, Hyejin;

; Zhang, Yi; Wong, Dillon; Pedramrazi, Zahra; Martín-Recio, Ana; Chen, Yi; Wang, Feng;

;

Abstract Transition metal dichalcogenide materials are unique in the wide variety of structural and electronic phases they exhibit in the two-dimensional limit. Here we show how such polymorphic flexibility can be used to achieve topological states at highly ordered phase boundaries in a new quantum spin Hall insulator (QSHI), 1 T ′-WSe ₂ . We observe edge states at the crystallographically aligned interface between a quantum spin Hall insulating domain of 1 T ′-WSe ₂ and a semiconducting domain of 1 H -WSe ₂ in contiguous single layers. The QSHI nature of single-layer 1 T ′-WSe ₂ is verified using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to determine band inversion around a 120 meV energy gap, as well as scanning tunneling spectroscopy to directly image edge-state formation. Using this edge-state geometry we confirm the predicted penetration depth of one-dimensional interface states into the two-dimensional bulk of a QSHI for a well-specified crystallographic direction. These interfaces create opportunities for testing predictions of the microscopic behavior of topologically protected boundary states.

View Journal Article

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; AC02-76SF00515

OSTI ID:: 1465222

Journal Information:: Nature Communications, Journal Name: Nature Communications Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 9; ISSN 2041-1723

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

References (38)

WannierTools: An open-source software package for novel topological materials Wu, QuanSheng; Zhang, ShengNan; Song, Hai-Feng Computer Physics Communications, Vol. 224 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2017.09.033	journal	March 2018
Electronic Structure, Surface Doping, and Optical Response in Epitaxial WSe ₂ Thin Films Zhang, Yi; Ugeda, Miguel M.; Jin, Chenhao Nano Letters, Vol. 16, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00059	journal	March 2016
Quantum Effects and Phase Tuning in Epitaxial Hexagonal and Monoclinic MoTe ₂ Monolayers Chen, Jinglei; Wang, Guanyong; Tang, Yanan ACS Nano, Vol. 11, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.7b00556	journal	February 2017
Tuning Topological Edge States of Bi(111) Bilayer Film by Edge Adsorption Wang, Z. F.; Chen, Li; Liu, Feng Nano Letters, Vol. 14, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl5009212	journal	April 2014
Layer-dependent quantum cooperation of electron and hole states in the anomalous semimetal WTe2 Das, Pranab Kumar; Di Sante, D.; Vobornik, I. Nature Communications, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10847	journal	February 2016
Giant bandgap renormalization and excitonic effects in a monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide semiconductor Ugeda, Miguel M.; Bradley, Aaron J.; Shi, Su-Fei Nature Materials, Vol. 13, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4061	journal	August 2014
Topological edge states in a high-temperature superconductor FeSe/SrTiO3(001) film Wang, Z. F.; Zhang, Huimin; Liu, Defa Nature Materials, Vol. 15, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4686	journal	July 2016
Giant phonon-induced conductance in scanning tunnelling spectroscopy of gate-tunable graphene Zhang, Yuanbo; Brar, Victor W.; Wang, Feng Nature Physics, Vol. 4, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys1022	journal	July 2008
One-dimensional topological edge states of bismuth bilayers Drozdov, Ilya K.; Alexandradinata, A.; Jeon, Sangjun Nature Physics, Vol. 10, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3048	journal	August 2014
Subnanometre-wide electron channels protected by topology Pauly, Christian; Rasche, Bertold; Koepernik, Klaus Nature Physics, Vol. 11, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3264	journal	March 2015
Edge conduction in monolayer WTe2 Fei, Zaiyao; Palomaki, Tauno; Wu, Sanfeng Nature Physics, Vol. 13, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys4091	journal	April 2017
Quantum spin Hall state in monolayer 1T'-WTe2 Tang, Shujie; Zhang, Chaofan; Wong, Dillon Nature Physics, Vol. 13, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys4174	journal	June 2017
Observation of Coulomb gap in the quantum spin Hall candidate single-layer 1T’-WTe2 Song, Ye-Heng; Jia, Zhen-Yu; Zhang, Dongqin Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06635-x	journal	October 2018
Hybrid functionals based on a screened Coulomb potential Heyd, Jochen; Scuseria, Gustavo E.; Ernzerhof, Matthias The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 118, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1564060	journal	May 2003
WSXM : A software for scanning probe microscopy and a tool for nanotechnology Horcas, I.; Fernández, R.; Gómez-Rodríguez, J. M. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 78, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2432410	journal	January 2007
Coulomb gap and low temperature conductivity of disordered systems Efros, A. L.; Shklovskii, B. I. Journal of Physics C: Solid State Physics, Vol. 8, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3719/8/4/003	journal	February 1975
QUANTUM ESPRESSO: a modular and open-source software project for quantum simulations of materials Giannozzi, Paolo; Baroni, Stefano; Bonini, Nicola Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 21, Issue 39, Article No. 395502 https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/21/39/395502	journal	September 2009
Soft self-consistent pseudopotentials in a generalized eigenvalue formalism Vanderbilt, David Physical Review B, Vol. 41, Issue 11, p. 7892-7895 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.41.7892	journal	April 1990
Real-space imaging of single-layer MoS 2 by scanning tunneling microscopy Qin, X. R.; Yang, D.; Frindt, R. F. Physical Review B, Vol. 44, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.44.3490	journal	August 1991
Efficient iterative schemes for ab initio total-energy calculations using a plane-wave basis set Kresse, G.; Furthmüller, J. Physical Review B, Vol. 54, Issue 16, p. 11169-11186 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.54.11169	journal	October 1996
Numerical atomic basis orbitals from H to Kr Ozaki, T.; Kino, H. Physical Review B, Vol. 69, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.69.195113	journal	May 2004
Understanding topological phase transition in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides Choe, Duk-Hyun; Sung, Ha-Jun; Chang, K. J. Physical Review B, Vol. 93, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.93.125109	journal	March 2016
Direct visualization of a two-dimensional topological insulator in the single-layer 1 T ′ − WT e 2 Jia, Zhen-Yu; Song, Ye-Heng; Li, Xiang-Bing Physical Review B, Vol. 96, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.96.041108	journal	July 2017
Observation of Carrier-Density-Dependent Many-Body Effects in Graphene via Tunneling Spectroscopy Brar, Victor W.; Wickenburg, Sebastian; Panlasigui, Melissa Physical Review Letters, Vol. 104, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.036805	journal	January 2010
Evidence for Helical Edge Modes in Inverted InAs / GaSb Quantum Wells Knez, Ivan; Du, Rui-Rui; Sullivan, Gerard Physical Review Letters, Vol. 107, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.136603	journal	September 2011
Stable Nontrivial Z 2 Topology in Ultrathin Bi (111) Films: A First-Principles Study Liu, Zheng; Liu, Chao-Xing; Wu, Yong-Shi Physical Review Letters, Vol. 107, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.136805	journal	September 2011
Spatial and Energy Distribution of Topological Edge States in Single Bi(111) Bilayer Yang, Fang; Miao, Lin; Wang, Z. F. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 109, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.016801	journal	July 2012
Schottky Barrier Heights and the Continuum of Gap States Tersoff, J. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 52, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.52.465	journal	February 1984
Generalized Gradient Approximation Made Simple Perdew, John P.; Burke, Kieron; Ernzerhof, Matthias Physical Review Letters, Vol. 77, Issue 18, p. 3865-3868 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.3865	journal	October 1996
Quantum Spin Hall Effect and Enhanced Magnetic Response by Spin-Orbit Coupling Murakami, Shuichi Physical Review Letters, Vol. 97, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.236805	journal	December 2006
Energy Band-Gap Engineering of Graphene Nanoribbons Han, Melinda Y.; Özyilmaz, Barbaros; Zhang, Yuanbo Physical Review Letters, Vol. 98, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.206805	journal	May 2007
Quantum Spin Hall Insulator State in HgTe Quantum Wells Konig, M.; Wiedmann, S.; Brune, C. Science, Vol. 318, Issue 5851, p. 766-770 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1148047	journal	November 2007
Quantum spin Hall effect in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides Qian, X.; Liu, J.; Fu, L. Science, Vol. 346, Issue 6215 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1256815	journal	November 2014
Phase patterning for ohmic homojunction contact in MoTe2 Cho, S.; Kim, S.; Kim, J. H. Science, Vol. 349, Issue 6248 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aab3175	journal	August 2015
Reproducibility in density functional theory calculations of solids Lejaeghere, K.; Bihlmayer, G.; Bjorkman, T. Science, Vol. 351, Issue 6280 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad3000	journal	March 2016
Robust spin-polarized midgap states at step edges of topological crystalline insulators Sessi, P.; Di Sante, D.; Szczerbakow, A. Science, Vol. 354, Issue 6317 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aah6233	journal	December 2016
Bismuthene on a SiC substrate: A candidate for a high-temperature quantum spin Hall material Reis, F.; Li, G.; Dudy, L. Science, Vol. 357, Issue 6348 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aai8142	journal	June 2017
Observation of the quantum spin Hall effect up to 100 kelvin in a monolayer crystal Wu, Sanfeng; Fatemi, Valla; Gibson, Quinn D. Science, Vol. 359, Issue 6371 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aan6003	journal	January 2018

Similar Records

Manipulating Topological Domain Boundaries in the Single-Layer Quantum Spin Hall Insulator 1T'–WSe ₂

Journal Article · 2019 · Nano Letters · OSTI ID:1562520

Pedramrazi, Zahra; Herbig, Charlotte; Pulkin, Artem; +12 more

Spin-resolved topology and partial axion angles in three-dimensional insulators

Journal Article · 2024 · Nature Communications · OSTI ID:2281407

Lin, Kuan-Sen; Palumbo, Giandomenico; Guo, Zhaopeng; +8 more

Quantum spin Hall state in monolayer 1T^'-WTe₂

Journal Article · 2017 · Nature Physics · OSTI ID:1373205

Tang, Shujie; Zhang, Chaofan; Wong, Dillon; +23 more

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE

Title: Observation of topologically protected states at crystalline phase boundaries in single-layer WSe2

Citation Formats

References (38)

Similar Records

Related Subjects