The Geomagnetic Tail

BIRN, JOACHIM

doi:10.1002/rog.1991.29.s2.1049

Title: The Geomagnetic Tail

Journal Article · 30 September 2017 · Reviews of Geophysics (1985)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/rog.1991.29.s2.1049 · OSTI ID:1464327

BIRN, JOACHIM ^[1]

Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

OSTI ID:: 1464327

Journal Information:: Reviews of Geophysics (1985), Journal Name: Reviews of Geophysics (1985) Journal Issue: S2 Vol. 29; ISSN 8755-1209

Publisher:: Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Current carriers in the near-Earth cross-tail current sheet during substorm growth phase Mitchell, D. G.; Williams, D. J.; Huang, C. Y. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 17, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1029/GL017i005p00583	journal	April 1990
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Electron distributions in the plasma sheet boundary layer: Time-of-flight effects Onsager, T. G.; Thomsen, M. F.; Gosling, J. T. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 17, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1029/GL017i011p01837	journal	October 1990
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Ionospheric outflow of plasma and compression relationship in the plasma sheet Liu, W. W.; Rostoker, G. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 17, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1029/GL017i011p01849	journal	October 1990
Magnetic reconnection in the magnetotail current sheet for varying cross-tail magnetic field Hesse, Michael; Birn, Joachim Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 17, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1029/GL017i011p02019	journal	October 1990
Plasma sheet convection and the stability of the magnetotail Pritchett, P. L.; Coroniti, F. V. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 17, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1029/GL017i012p02233	journal	November 1990
Observational signatures of nonlinear magnetotail particle dynamics Chen, James; Burkhart, Grant R.; Huang, Cheryl Y. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 17, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1029/GL017i012p02237	journal	November 1990
Tail-like reconfiguration of the plasma sheet during the substorm growth phase Kan, J. R. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 17, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1029/GL017i013p02309	journal	December 1990
Equilibrium structure of the plasma sheet boundary layer-lobe interface Romero, H.; Ganguli, G.; Palmadesso, P. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 17, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1029/GL017i013p02313	journal	December 1990
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Structure of a slow mode shock observed in the plasma sheet boundary layer Feldman, W. C.; Tokar, R. L.; Birn, J. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 92, Issue A1 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA092iA01p00083	journal	January 1987
On the generation of field-aligned plasma flow at the boundary of the plasma sheet Schindler, K.; Birn, J. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 92, Issue A1 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA092iA01p00095	journal	January 1987
Filamentary structures in the magnetotail lobes Huang, C. Y.; Frank, L. A.; Peterson, W. K. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 92, Issue A3 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA092iA03p02349	journal	January 1987
Large scale response of the magnetosphere to a southward turning of the interplanetary magnetic field Sauvaud, J. A.; Treilhou, J. P.; Saint-Marc, A. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 92, Issue A3 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA092iA03p02365	journal	January 1987
Field-aligned currents associated with substorms in the vicinity of synchronous orbit: 1. The July 5, 1979, substorm observed by SCATHA, GOES 3, and GOES 2 Nagai, T.; Singer, H. J.; Ledley, B. G. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 92, Issue A3 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA092iA03p02425	journal	January 1987
Field-aligned currents associated with substorms in the vicinity of synchronous orbit: 2. GOES 2 and GOES 3 observations Nagai, T. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 92, Issue A3 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA092iA03p02432	journal	January 1987
A magnetospheric substorm observed at Sanae, Antarctica Gledhill, J. A.; Dore, I. S.; Goertz, C. K. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 92, Issue A3 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA092iA03p02461	journal	January 1987
Numerical modeling of proton and electron bursts in a realistic magnetotail Kutchko, Frank J.; Armstrong, Thomas P.; Yu, Bernard Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 92, Issue A4 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA092iA04p03234	journal	January 1987
Finite-Larmor-radius effect on field-aligned currents in hydromagnetic waves Cao, F.; Kan, J. R. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 92, Issue A4 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA092iA04p03397	journal	January 1987
Tail modeling in a stretched magnetosphere: 1. Methods and transformations Stern, David P. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 92, Issue A5 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA092iA05p04437	journal	January 1987
Relaxation of magnetotail plasmas Bhattacharjee, A. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 92, Issue A5 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA092iA05p04735	journal	January 1987
Effect of a localized minimum in equatorial field strength on resistive tearing instability in the geomagnetotail Hau, L. -N.; Wolf, R. A. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 92, Issue A5 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA092iA05p04745	journal	January 1987
The magnetic field of the equatorial magnetotail: AMPTE/CCE observations at R < 8.8 R _E Fairfield, D. H.; Acuna, M. H.; Zanetti, L. J. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 92, Issue A7 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA092iA07p07432	journal	January 1987
Substorm currents: Growth phase and onset Kaufmann, Richard L. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 92, Issue A7 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA092iA07p07471	journal	January 1987
Structure of reconnection boundary layers in incompressible MHD Sonnerup, B. U. Ö; Wang, D. -J. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 92, Issue A8 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA092iA08p08621	journal	January 1987
The effects of a magnetic B _y component on geomagnetic tail equilibria Hilmer, Robert V.; Voigt, Gerd-Hannes Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 92, Issue A8 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA092iA08p08660	journal	January 1987
Plasmoid-associated energetic ion bursts in the deep geomagnetic tail: Properties of plasmoids and the postplasmoid plasma sheet Richardson, I. G.; Cowley, S. W. H.; Hones, E. W. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 92, Issue A9 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA092iA09p09997	journal	January 1987
The longitudinal and radial distribution of magnetic reconfigurations in the near-Earth magnetotail as observed by AMPTE/CCE Lopez, R. E.; Lui, A. T. Y.; Sibeck, D. G. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 93, Issue A2 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA093iA02p00997	journal	January 1988
A search for lower hybrid drift turbulence in slow shocks Coroniti, F. V.; Scarf, F. L.; Kennel, C. F. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 93, Issue A4 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA093iA04p02553	journal	January 1988
Energy spectra of plasma sheet ions and electrons from ∼50 eV/ e to ∼1 MeV during plasma temperature transitions Christon, S. P.; Mitchell, D. G.; Williams, D. J. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 93, Issue A4 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA093iA04p02562	journal	January 1988
Linear theory of driven reconnection Horton, W.; Tajima, T. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 93, Issue A4 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA093iA04p02741	journal	January 1988
General magnetic reconnection, parallel electric fields, and helicity Schindler, K.; Hesse, M.; Birn, J. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 93, Issue A6 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA093iA06p05547	journal	January 1988
A theoretical foundation of general magnetic reconnection Hesse, M.; Schindler, K. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 93, Issue A6 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA093iA06p05559	journal	January 1988
Assessment of the boundary layer model of the magnetospheric substorm Nishida, A.; Bame, S. J.; Baker, D. N. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 93, Issue A6 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA093iA06p05579	journal	January 1988
A theory of substorms: Onset and subsidence Kan, J. R.; Zhu, L.; Akasofu, S. -I. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 93, Issue A6 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA093iA06p05624	journal	January 1988
Streaming sausage, kink and tearing instabilities in a current sheet with applications to the Earth's magnetotail Lee, L. C.; Wang, S.; Wei, C. Q. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 93, Issue A7 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA093iA07p07354	journal	January 1988
Magnetospheric substorms: An equivalent circuit approach Liu, Z. X.; Lee, L. C.; Wei, C. Q. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 93, Issue A7 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA093iA07p07366	journal	January 1988
Effect of field-aligned potential drop in a global magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling model Kan, J. R.; Cao, F. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 93, Issue A7 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA093iA07p07571	journal	January 1988
ISEE 1 and 2 observations of ion distributions at the plasma sheet-tail lobe boundary Takahashi, K.; Hones, E. W. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 93, Issue A8 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA093iA08p08558	journal	January 1988
Geometrical properties of three-dimensional reconnecting magnetic fields with nulls Greene, John M. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 93, Issue A8 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA093iA08p08583	journal	January 1988
The effects of plasma sheet boundary flow and plasma mantle flow on the ion tearing instability Lakhina, G. S.; Schindler, K. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 93, Issue A8 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA093iA08p08591	journal	January 1988
Response of magnetosphere-ionosphere current systems to changes in the interplanetary magnetic field Rostoker, G.; Savoie, D.; Phan, T. D. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 93, Issue A8 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA093iA08p08633	journal	January 1988
Field-aligned current signatures in the near-tail region: 1. ISEE observations in the plasma sheet boundary layer Ohtani, S.; Kokubun, S.; Elphic, R. C. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 93, Issue A9 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA093iA09p09709	journal	January 1988
Filamentary structure of a three-dimensional plasmoid Birn, J.; Hesse, M.; Schindler, K. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 94, Issue A1 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA094iA01p00241	journal	January 1989
Three-dimensional equilibria for the extended magnetotail and the generation of field-aligned current sheets Birn, J. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 94, Issue A1 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA094iA01p00252	journal	January 1989
Particle distributions in a two-dimensional reconnection field geometry Curran, D. B.; Goertz, C. K. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 94, Issue A1 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA094iA01p00272	journal	January 1989
Relaxation of magnetotail plasmas with field-aligned currents Paranicas, C.; Bhattacharjee, A. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 94, Issue A1 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA094iA01p00479	journal	January 1989
Steady state magnetic field configurations for the Earth's magnetotail Hau, L. -N.; Wolf, R. A.; Voigt, G. -H. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 94, Issue A2 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA094iA02p01303	journal	January 1989
Comment on “Large-scale response of the magnetosphere to a southward turning of the interplanetary magnetic field” by J. A. Sauvaud et al. Gonzalez, W. D.; Gonzalez, A. L. C.; Tsurutani, B. T. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 94, Issue A2 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA094iA02p01547	journal	January 1989
Reply [to “Comment on “Large-scale response of the magnetosphere to a southward turning of the interplanetary magnetic field” by J. A. Sauvaud et al.”] Sauvaud, J. A.; Treilhou, J. P.; Saint-Marc, A. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 94, Issue A2 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA094iA02p01549	journal	January 1989
The coalescence of magnetic flux ropes and reconnection in the magnetotail Richard, Robert L.; Walker, Raymond J.; Sydora, Richard D. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 94, Issue A3 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA094iA03p02471	journal	January 1989
Ion diffusion coefficients from resonant interactions with broadband turbulence in the magnetotail Dusenbery, P. B.; Lyons, L. R. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 94, Issue A3 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA094iA03p02484	journal	January 1989
Three-point magnetic field observations of substorms in the inner magnetotail Fairfield, D. H.; Zanetti, L. J. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 94, Issue A4 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA094iA04p03565	journal	January 1989
Magnetospheric plasma pressures in the midnight meridian: Observations from 2.5 to 35 R _E Spence, Harlan E.; Kivelson, Margaret G.; Walker, Raymond J. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 94, Issue A5 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA094iA05p05264	journal	January 1989
The thermal catastrophe model of substorms Goertz, C. K.; Smith, Robert A. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 94, Issue A6 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA094iA06p06581	journal	June 1989
Average plasma properties in the central plasma sheet Baumjohann, W.; Paschmann, G.; Cattell, C. A. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 94, Issue A6 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA094iA06p06597	journal	June 1989
The energetic ion substorm injection boundary Lopez, R. E.; Sibeck, D. G.; McEntire, R. W. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 95, Issue A1 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA095iA01p00109	journal	January 1990
Representations of currents and magnetic fields in isotropic magnetohydrostatic plasma Heinemann, M.; Pontius, D. H. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 95, Issue A1 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA095iA01p00251	journal	January 1990
Current sheet thickness in the near-Earth plasma sheet during substorm growth phase Sergeev, V. A.; Tanskanen, P.; Mursula, K. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 95, Issue A4 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA095iA04p03819	journal	January 1990
Representations of currents and magnetic fields in anisotropic magnetohydrostatic plasma Heinemann, M. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 95, Issue A6 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA095iA06p07789	journal	January 1990
On the structure of the tail magnetic field Candidi, M.; Orsini, S.; Stokholm, M. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 95, Issue A6 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA095iA06p07929	journal	January 1990
A multisatellite case study of the expansion of a substorm current wedge in the near-Earth magnetotail Lopez, R. E.; Lui, A. T. Y. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 95, Issue A6 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA095iA06p08009	journal	January 1990
The distortion of the magnetotail equilibrium structure by a net cross-tail magnetic field Birn, J. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 95, Issue A6 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA095iA06p08019	journal	January 1990
Computer simulations of electromagnetic instabilities in the plasma sheet boundary layer Gary, S. Peter; Winske, Dan Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 95, Issue A6 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA095iA06p08085	journal	January 1990
A comparison of analytical and numerical models for steadily driven magnetic reconnection Forbes, T. G.; Priest, E. R. Reviews of Geophysics, Vol. 25, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1029/RG025i008p01583	journal	January 1987
Imaging results from Dynamics Explorer 1 Frank, L. A.; Craven, J. D. Reviews of Geophysics, Vol. 26, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1029/RG026i002p00249	journal	January 1988
Physics of the quiet magnetosphere Stern, David P. Reviews of Geophysics, Vol. 26, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1029/RG026i004p00781	journal	November 1988
Where do field lines go in the quiet magnetosphere? Stern, David P.; Alexeev, Igor I. Reviews of Geophysics, Vol. 26, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1029/RG026i004p00782	journal	November 1988
Magnetospheric convection during quiet or moderately disturbed times Caudal, G.; Blanc, M. Reviews of Geophysics, Vol. 26, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1029/RG026i004p00809	journal	November 1988
Quasi-static magnetospheric MHD processes and the “ground state” of the magnetosphere Voigt, G. -H.; Wolf, R. A. Reviews of Geophysics, Vol. 26, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1029/RG026i004p00823	journal	November 1988
Tearing instability in an anisotropic neutral sheet Chen, James; Palmadesso, P. Physics of Fluids, Vol. 27, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.864727	journal	January 1984
Topological Dissipation and the Small-Scale Fields in Turbulent Gases Parker, E. N. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 174 https://doi.org/10.1086/151512	journal	June 1972
Three-dimensional kinematic reconnection in the presence of field nulls and closed field lines Lau, Yun-Tung; Finn, John M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 350 https://doi.org/10.1086/168419	journal	February 1990
Global magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the magnetosphere Walker, R. J.; Ogino, T. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Vol. 17, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1109/27.24618	journal	April 1989
Transition regions in solar system and astrophysical plasmas Eastman, T. E. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Vol. 18, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1109/27.45498	journal	January 1990
Solar wind triggering of substorm expansion onset. Mcpherron, R. L.; Terasawa, T.; Nishida, A. Journal of geomagnetism and geoelectricity, Vol. 38, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.5636/jgg.38.1089	journal	January 1986

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