Optimizing Kernel Machines Using Deep Learning
Abstract
Building highly non-linear and non-parametric models is central to several state-of-the-art machine learning systems. Kernel methods form an important class of techniques that induce a reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) for inferring non-linear models through the construction of similarity functions from data. These methods are particularly preferred in cases where the training data sizes are limited and when prior knowledge of the data similarities is available. Despite their usefulness, they are limited by the computational complexity and their inability to support end-to-end learning with a task specific objective. On the other hand, deep neural networks have become the de facto solution for end-to-end inference in several learning paradigms. In this article, we explore the idea of using deep architectures to perform kernel machine optimization, for both computational efficiency and end-to-end inferencing. To this end, we develop the DKMO (Deep Kernel Machine Optimization) framework, that creates an ensemble of dense embeddings using Nystrõm kernel approximations and utilizes deep learning to generate task-specific representations through the fusion of the embeddings. Intuitively, the filters of the network are trained to fuse information from an ensemble of linear subspaces in the RKHS. Furthermore, we introduce the kernel dropout regularization to enable improved training convergence.more »
- Authors:
-
- Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ (United States)
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
- IBM, Yorktown Heights, NY (United States). Thomas J. Watson Research Center
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1463836
- Report Number(s):
- LLNL-JRNL-753878
Journal ID: ISSN 2162-237X; 896744
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC52-07NA27344
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 29; Journal Issue: 11; Journal ID: ISSN 2162-237X
- Publisher:
- IEEE Computational Intelligence Society
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING
Citation Formats
Song, Huan, Thiagarajan, Jayaraman J., Sattigeri, Prasanna, and Spanias, Andreas. Optimizing Kernel Machines Using Deep Learning. United States: N. p., 2018.
Web. doi:10.1109/TNNLS.2018.2804895.
Song, Huan, Thiagarajan, Jayaraman J., Sattigeri, Prasanna, & Spanias, Andreas. Optimizing Kernel Machines Using Deep Learning. United States. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNNLS.2018.2804895
Song, Huan, Thiagarajan, Jayaraman J., Sattigeri, Prasanna, and Spanias, Andreas. Tue .
"Optimizing Kernel Machines Using Deep Learning". United States. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNNLS.2018.2804895. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1463836.
@article{osti_1463836,
title = {Optimizing Kernel Machines Using Deep Learning},
author = {Song, Huan and Thiagarajan, Jayaraman J. and Sattigeri, Prasanna and Spanias, Andreas},
abstractNote = {Building highly non-linear and non-parametric models is central to several state-of-the-art machine learning systems. Kernel methods form an important class of techniques that induce a reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) for inferring non-linear models through the construction of similarity functions from data. These methods are particularly preferred in cases where the training data sizes are limited and when prior knowledge of the data similarities is available. Despite their usefulness, they are limited by the computational complexity and their inability to support end-to-end learning with a task specific objective. On the other hand, deep neural networks have become the de facto solution for end-to-end inference in several learning paradigms. In this article, we explore the idea of using deep architectures to perform kernel machine optimization, for both computational efficiency and end-to-end inferencing. To this end, we develop the DKMO (Deep Kernel Machine Optimization) framework, that creates an ensemble of dense embeddings using Nystrõm kernel approximations and utilizes deep learning to generate task-specific representations through the fusion of the embeddings. Intuitively, the filters of the network are trained to fuse information from an ensemble of linear subspaces in the RKHS. Furthermore, we introduce the kernel dropout regularization to enable improved training convergence. Finally, we extend this framework to the multiple kernel case, by coupling a global fusion layer with pre-trained deep kernel machines for each of the constituent kernels. Using case studies with limited training data, and lack of explicit feature sources, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework over conventional model inferencing techniques.},
doi = {10.1109/TNNLS.2018.2804895},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems},
number = 11,
volume = 29,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Mar 06 00:00:00 EST 2018},
month = {Tue Mar 06 00:00:00 EST 2018}
}
Web of Science
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