First Limit on the Direct Detection of Lightly Ionizing Particles for Electric Charge as Low as e / 1000 with the Majorana Demonstrator

Alvis, S. I.; Arnquist, I. J.; Avignone, F. T.; Barabash, A. S.; Barton, C. J.; Bertrand, F. E.; Brudanin, V.; Busch, M.; Buuck, M.; Caldwell, T. S.; Chan, Y-D.; Christofferson, C. D.; Chu, P. -H.; Cuesta, C.; Detwiler, J. A.; Dunagan, C.; Efremenko, Yu.; Ejiri, H.; Elliott, S. R.; Gilliss, T.; Giovanetti, G. K.; Green, M. P.; Gruszko, J.; Guinn, I. S.; Guiseppe, V. E.; Haufe, C. R.; Hehn, L.; Henning, R.; Hoppe, E. W.; Howe, M. A.; Konovalov, S. I.; Kouzes, R. T.; Lopez, A. M.; Martin, R. D.; Massarczyk, R.; Meijer, S. J.; Mertens, S.; Myslik, J.; O’Shaughnessy, C.; Othman, G.; Pettus, W.; Poon, A. W. P.; Radford, D. C.; Rager, J.; Reine, A. L.; Rielage, K.; Robertson, R. G. H.; Ruof, N. W.; Shanks, B.; Shirchenko, M.; Suriano, A. M.; Tedeschi, D.; Varner, R. L.; Vasilyev, S.; Vorren, K.; White, B. R.; Wilkerson, J. F.; Wiseman, C.; Xu, W.; Yakushev, E.; Yu, C. -H.; Yumatov, V.; Zhitnikov, I.; Zhu, B. X.

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.211804

Title: First Limit on the Direct Detection of Lightly Ionizing Particles for Electric Charge as Low as $e / 1000$ with the Majorana Demonstrator

Abstract

The Majorana Demonstrator is an ultralow-background experiment searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay in Ge-76. The heavily shielded array of germanium detectors, placed nearly a mile underground at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota, also allows searches for new exotic physics. Free, relativistic, lightly ionizing particles with an electrical charge less than e are forbidden by the standard model but predicted by some of its extensions. If such particles exist, they might be detected in the Majorana Demonstrator by searching for multiple-detector events with individual-detector energy depositions down to 1 keV. This search is background-free, and no candidate events have been found in 285 days of data taking. New direct-detection limits are set for the flux of lightly ionizing particles for charges as low as e/1000. .

Authors:: Alvis, S. I.; Arnquist, I. J.; Avignone, F. T.; Barabash, A. S.; Barton, C. J.; Bertrand, F. E.; Brudanin, V.; Busch, M.; Buuck, M.; Caldwell, T. S.; Chan, Y-D.; Christofferson, C. D.; Chu, P. -H.; Cuesta, C.; Detwiler, J. A.; Dunagan, C.; Efremenko, Yu.; Ejiri, H.; Elliott, S. R.; Gilliss, T. more » « less

Publication Date:: Fri May 25 00:00:00 EDT 2018

Research Org.:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF); Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States); University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)

Contributing Org.:: Majorana Collaboration; Majorana Collaboration

OSTI Identifier:: 1439126

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1441215; OSTI ID: 1454386; OSTI ID: 1460333; OSTI ID: 1463493; OSTI ID: 1600649; OSTI ID: 1658877; OSTI ID: 1658944

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-132160; LA-UR-18-21217
Journal ID: ISSN 0031-9007; PRLTAO; 211804

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; AC05-00OR22725; AC05-76RL0130; AC52-06NA25396; FG02-97ER41020; FG02-97ER41033; FG02-97ER41041; SC0010254; SC0012612; SC0014445; SC0018060; MRI-0923142; PHY-1003399; PHY-1102292; PHY-1206314; PHY-1614611; 15-02-02919; SAPIN-2017-00023

Resource Type:: Published Article

Journal Name:: Physical Review Letters

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Physical Review Letters Journal Volume: 120 Journal Issue: 21; Journal ID: ISSN 0031-9007

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS; 73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS

Citation Formats


                    Alvis, S. I., Arnquist, I. J., Avignone, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Bertrand, F. E., Brudanin, V., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y-D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Dunagan, C., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Gilliss, T., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Hehn, L., Henning, R., Hoppe, E. W., Howe, M. A., Konovalov, S. I., Kouzes, R. T., Lopez, A. M., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Mertens, S., Myslik, J., O’Shaughnessy, C., Othman, G., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Rager, J., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Robertson, R. G. H., Ruof, N. W., Shanks, B., Shirchenko, M., Suriano, A. M., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Vorren, K., White, B. R., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yakushev, E., Yu, C. -H., Yumatov, V., Zhitnikov, I., Zhu, B. X., and Majorana Collaboration. First Limit on the Direct Detection of Lightly Ionizing Particles for Electric Charge as Low as e / 1000 with the Majorana Demonstrator.  United States: N. p., 2018. 
Web.  doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.211804.

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                    Alvis, S. I., Arnquist, I. J., Avignone, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Bertrand, F. E., Brudanin, V., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y-D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Dunagan, C., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Gilliss, T., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Hehn, L., Henning, R., Hoppe, E. W., Howe, M. A., Konovalov, S. I., Kouzes, R. T., Lopez, A. M., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Mertens, S., Myslik, J., O’Shaughnessy, C., Othman, G., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Rager, J., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Robertson, R. G. H., Ruof, N. W., Shanks, B., Shirchenko, M., Suriano, A. M., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Vorren, K., White, B. R., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yakushev, E., Yu, C. -H., Yumatov, V., Zhitnikov, I., Zhu, B. X., & Majorana Collaboration. First Limit on the Direct Detection of Lightly Ionizing Particles for Electric Charge as Low as e / 1000 with the Majorana Demonstrator.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.211804

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                    Alvis, S. I., Arnquist, I. J., Avignone, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Bertrand, F. E., Brudanin, V., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y-D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Dunagan, C., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Gilliss, T., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Hehn, L., Henning, R., Hoppe, E. W., Howe, M. A., Konovalov, S. I., Kouzes, R. T., Lopez, A. M., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Mertens, S., Myslik, J., O’Shaughnessy, C., Othman, G., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Rager, J., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Robertson, R. G. H., Ruof, N. W., Shanks, B., Shirchenko, M., Suriano, A. M., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Vorren, K., White, B. R., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yakushev, E., Yu, C. -H., Yumatov, V., Zhitnikov, I., Zhu, B. X., and Majorana Collaboration. Fri .  
"First Limit on the Direct Detection of Lightly Ionizing Particles for Electric Charge as Low as e / 1000 with the Majorana Demonstrator".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.211804.

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@article{osti_1439126,

  title        = {First Limit on the Direct Detection of Lightly Ionizing Particles for Electric Charge as Low as e / 1000 with the Majorana Demonstrator},

  author       = {Alvis, S. I. and Arnquist, I. J. and Avignone, F. T. and Barabash, A. S. and Barton, C. J. and Bertrand, F. E. and Brudanin, V. and Busch, M. and Buuck, M. and Caldwell, T. S. and Chan, Y-D. and Christofferson, C. D. and Chu, P. -H. and Cuesta, C. and Detwiler, J. A. and Dunagan, C. and Efremenko, Yu. and Ejiri, H. and Elliott, S. R. and Gilliss, T. and Giovanetti, G. K. and Green, M. P. and Gruszko, J. and Guinn, I. S. and Guiseppe, V. E. and Haufe, C. R. and Hehn, L. and Henning, R. and Hoppe, E. W. and Howe, M. A. and Konovalov, S. I. and Kouzes, R. T. and Lopez, A. M. and Martin, R. D. and Massarczyk, R. and Meijer, S. J. and Mertens, S. and Myslik, J. and O’Shaughnessy, C. and Othman, G. and Pettus, W. and Poon, A. W. P. and Radford, D. C. and Rager, J. and Reine, A. L. and Rielage, K. and Robertson, R. G. H. and Ruof, N. W. and Shanks, B. and Shirchenko, M. and Suriano, A. M. and Tedeschi, D. and Varner, R. L. and Vasilyev, S. and Vorren, K. and White, B. R. and Wilkerson, J. F. and Wiseman, C. and Xu, W. and Yakushev, E. and Yu, C. -H. and Yumatov, V. and Zhitnikov, I. and Zhu, B. X. and Majorana Collaboration},

  abstractNote = {The Majorana Demonstrator is an ultralow-background experiment searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay in Ge-76. The heavily shielded array of germanium detectors, placed nearly a mile underground at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota, also allows searches for new exotic physics. Free, relativistic, lightly ionizing particles with an electrical charge less than e are forbidden by the standard model but predicted by some of its extensions. If such particles exist, they might be detected in the Majorana Demonstrator by searching for multiple-detector events with individual-detector energy depositions down to 1 keV. This search is background-free, and no candidate events have been found in 285 days of data taking. New direct-detection limits are set for the flux of lightly ionizing particles for charges as low as e/1000. .},

  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.211804},

  journal      = {Physical Review Letters},

  number       = 21,

  volume       = 120,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Fri May 25 00:00:00 EDT 2018},

  month        = {Fri May 25 00:00:00 EDT 2018}

}

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Title: First Limit on the Direct Detection of Lightly Ionizing Particles for Electric Charge as Low as e / 1000 with the Majorana Demonstrator

Abstract

Citation Formats

MaGe: a Monte Carlo framework for the Gerda and Majorana double beta decay experiments journal, May 2006

Limits on the production of massive stable charged particles journal, September 1992

Dark Matter Search Results from the CDMS II Experiment journal, March 2010

Search for Millicharged Particles at SLAC journal, August 1998

Search for fractionally charged particles in Kamiokande II journal, May 1991

Limits on millicharged matter from beam-dump experiments journal, January 1987

Minicharged particles from the Sun: a cutting-edge bound journal, March 2016

The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay Experiment journal, January 2014

Dark cosmic rays journal, May 2017

First Direct Limits on Lightly Ionizing Particles with Electric Charge Less than e / 6 journal, March 2015

Relic abundance of MeV millicharged particles journal, April 2017

Search for Millicharged Particles Using Optically Levitated Microspheres journal, December 2014

New Limits on Bosonic Dark Matter, Solar Axions, Pauli Exclusion Principle Violation, and Electron Decay from the Majorana Demonstrator journal, April 2017

Astrophysical constraints on mini-charged particles journal, September 1990

Relativistic Charged Particle Identification by Energy Loss journal, December 1980

Observation of Fractional Charge of ( 1 3 ) e on Matter journal, April 1981

A search for fractional electric charge on levitated niobium spheres journal, March 1985

Search for Neutrinoless Double- β Decay in Ge 76 with the Majorana Demonstrator journal, March 2018

Improved limit on invisible decays of positronium journal, February 2007

Dark matter and spin-1 milli-charged particles journal, August 2015

Search for Free Fractional Electric Charge Elementary Particles Using an Automated Millikan Oil Drop Technique journal, March 2000

Large-mass ultralow noise germanium detectors: performance and applications in neutrino and astroparticle physics journal, September 2007

Electric charge quantization in string theory journal, March 1990

Limits on particles of small electric charge journal, April 1991

Search for fractionally charged particles in p p collisions at s = 7 TeV journal, May 2013

Composite millicharged dark matter journal, July 2013

Search for Long-Lived Charged Massive Particles in p p ¯ Collisions at s = 1.8 T e V journal, March 2003

Cosmological bounds on the “millicharges” of mirror particles journal, November 2009

Muon flux measurements at the davis campus of the sanford underground research facility with the majorana demonstrator veto system journal, July 2017

Scattering of dark particles with light mediators journal, December 2014

Search for fractionally charged particles in the Mont Blanc LSD scintillation detector journal, February 1994

Quantization of electric charge from anomaly constraints and a Majorana neutrino journal, January 1990

Low capacitance large volume shaped-field germanium detector journal, January 1989

Constraints on millicharged neutrinos via analysis of data from atomic ionizations with germanium detectors at sub-keV sensitivities journal, July 2014

Searches for Fractionally Charged Particles journal, November 2009

Search for lightly ionizing particles with the MACRO detector journal, August 2000

Constraints on millicharged particles by neutron stars journal, June 2015

A Pulse Shape Analysis technique for the MAJORANA experiment journal, February 2011

Hubble diagram as a probe of minicharged particles journal, July 2009

Updated bounds on milli-charged particles journal, May 2000

Search for stable and long-lived massive charged particles in e+e− collisions at s=130–209 GeV journal, October 2003

Search for Fractional-Charge Particles in Meteoritic Material journal, October 2007

Lamb shift contribution of very light charged particles journal, November 2007

MaGe-a Geant4-Based Monte Carlo Application Framework for Low-Background Germanium Experiments journal, June 2011

Dark radiation constraints on minicharged particles in models with a hidden photon journal, February 2014

Looking for milli-charged particles with a new experiment at the LHC journal, June 2015

A method to improve tracking and particle identification in TPCs and silicon detectors journal, June 2006

Experimental limits on the production of fractionally charged particles in proton-nucleus and neutrino-nucleus collisions journal, September 1984

Search for fractional charge states in high-energy heavy fragments produced in collisions of 14.5 A GeV Si 28 with Pb and Cu target journal, October 1991

New limit on millicharged particles from reactor neutrino experiments and the PVLAS anomaly journal, April 2007

LHC probes the hidden sector journal, September 2013

Electrical neutrality of atoms and grand unification models journal, April 1984

Magnetic Monopoles in Grand Unified Theories journal, July 1980

Search for particles with unexpected mass and charge in Z decays journal, April 1993

Millicharged particles journal, August 1990

Straggling in thin silicon detectors journal, July 1988

Charged Neutrinos? journal, January 1990

Detecting dark matter through dark photons from the Sun: Charged particle signatures journal, June 2016

Search for stable heavy charged particles in e+e− collisions at , 161 and 172 GeV journal, March 1997

Search for heavy charged particles and for particles with anomalous charge in e+e− collisions at LEP journal, June 1995

Geant4—a simulation toolkit journal, July 2003

Late time CMB anisotropies constrain mini-charged particles journal, November 2009

Search for fractionally charged nuclear fragments in relativistic heavy ion collisions journal, January 1996

A search for free quarks in deep inelastic muon scattering journal, December 1983

Millicharged atomic dark matter journal, May 2012

Two U(1)'s and ϵ charge shifts journal, January 1986

Electric and magnetic charges in superstring models journal, January 1985

Is the electric charge conserved? journal, July 1979

Narrowing the window for millicharged particles by CMB anisotropy journal, January 2004

Unified approach to the classical statistical analysis of small signals journal, April 1998

The Sanford Underground Research Facility at Homestake journal, May 2015

Title: First Limit on the Direct Detection of Lightly Ionizing Particles for Electric Charge as Low as $e / 1000$ with the Majorana Demonstrator

MaGe: a Monte Carlo framework for the Gerda and Majorana double beta decay experiments
journal, May 2006

Limits on the production of massive stable charged particles
journal, September 1992

Dark Matter Search Results from the CDMS II Experiment
journal, March 2010

Search for Millicharged Particles at SLAC
journal, August 1998

Search for fractionally charged particles in Kamiokande II
journal, May 1991

Limits on millicharged matter from beam-dump experiments
journal, January 1987

Minicharged particles from the Sun: a cutting-edge bound
journal, March 2016

The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay Experiment
journal, January 2014

Dark cosmic rays
journal, May 2017

First Direct Limits on Lightly Ionizing Particles with Electric Charge Less than $e / 6$
journal, March 2015

Relic abundance of MeV millicharged particles
journal, April 2017

Search for Millicharged Particles Using Optically Levitated Microspheres
journal, December 2014

New Limits on Bosonic Dark Matter, Solar Axions, Pauli Exclusion Principle Violation, and Electron Decay from the Majorana Demonstrator
journal, April 2017

Astrophysical constraints on mini-charged particles
journal, September 1990

Relativistic Charged Particle Identification by Energy Loss
journal, December 1980

Observation of Fractional Charge of $(\frac{1}{3}) e$ on Matter
journal, April 1981

A search for fractional electric charge on levitated niobium spheres
journal, March 1985

Search for Neutrinoless Double- $β$ Decay in ${}^{76}{Ge}$ with the Majorana Demonstrator
journal, March 2018

Improved limit on invisible decays of positronium
journal, February 2007

Dark matter and spin-1 milli-charged particles
journal, August 2015

Search for Free Fractional Electric Charge Elementary Particles Using an Automated Millikan Oil Drop Technique
journal, March 2000

Large-mass ultralow noise germanium detectors: performance and applications in neutrino and astroparticle physics
journal, September 2007

Electric charge quantization in string theory
journal, March 1990

Limits on particles of small electric charge
journal, April 1991

Search for fractionally charged particles in $p p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7 TeV$
journal, May 2013

Composite millicharged dark matter
journal, July 2013

Search for Long-Lived Charged Massive Particles in $p \bar{p}$ Collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 1.8 T e V$
journal, March 2003

Cosmological bounds on the “millicharges” of mirror particles
journal, November 2009

Muon flux measurements at the davis campus of the sanford underground research facility with the majorana demonstrator veto system
journal, July 2017

Scattering of dark particles with light mediators
journal, December 2014

Search for fractionally charged particles in the Mont Blanc LSD scintillation detector
journal, February 1994

Quantization of electric charge from anomaly constraints and a Majorana neutrino
journal, January 1990

Low capacitance large volume shaped-field germanium detector
journal, January 1989

Constraints on millicharged neutrinos via analysis of data from atomic ionizations with germanium detectors at sub-keV sensitivities
journal, July 2014

Searches for Fractionally Charged Particles
journal, November 2009

Search for lightly ionizing particles with the MACRO detector
journal, August 2000

Constraints on millicharged particles by neutron stars
journal, June 2015

A Pulse Shape Analysis technique for the MAJORANA experiment
journal, February 2011

Hubble diagram as a probe of minicharged particles
journal, July 2009

Updated bounds on milli-charged particles
journal, May 2000

Search for stable and long-lived massive charged particles in e+e− collisions at s=130–209 GeV
journal, October 2003

Search for Fractional-Charge Particles in Meteoritic Material
journal, October 2007

Lamb shift contribution of very light charged particles
journal, November 2007

MaGe-a Geant4-Based Monte Carlo Application Framework for Low-Background Germanium Experiments
journal, June 2011

Dark radiation constraints on minicharged particles in models with a hidden photon
journal, February 2014

Looking for milli-charged particles with a new experiment at the LHC
journal, June 2015

A method to improve tracking and particle identification in TPCs and silicon detectors
journal, June 2006

Experimental limits on the production of fractionally charged particles in proton-nucleus and neutrino-nucleus collisions
journal, September 1984

Search for fractional charge states in high-energy heavy fragments produced in collisions of 14.5 A GeV ${}^{28}{Si}$ with Pb and Cu target
journal, October 1991

New limit on millicharged particles from reactor neutrino experiments and the PVLAS anomaly
journal, April 2007

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journal, September 2013

Electrical neutrality of atoms and grand unification models
journal, April 1984

Magnetic Monopoles in Grand Unified Theories
journal, July 1980

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journal, April 1993

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journal, August 1990

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journal, July 1988

Charged Neutrinos?
journal, January 1990

Detecting dark matter through dark photons from the Sun: Charged particle signatures
journal, June 2016

Search for stable heavy charged particles in e+e− collisions at , 161 and 172 GeV
journal, March 1997

Search for heavy charged particles and for particles with anomalous charge in e+e− collisions at LEP
journal, June 1995

Geant4—a simulation toolkit
journal, July 2003

Late time CMB anisotropies constrain mini-charged particles
journal, November 2009

Search for fractionally charged nuclear fragments in relativistic heavy ion collisions
journal, January 1996

A search for free quarks in deep inelastic muon scattering
journal, December 1983

Millicharged atomic dark matter
journal, May 2012

Two U(1)'s and ϵ charge shifts
journal, January 1986

Electric and magnetic charges in superstring models
journal, January 1985

Is the electric charge conserved?
journal, July 1979

Narrowing the window for millicharged particles by CMB anisotropy
journal, January 2004

Unified approach to the classical statistical analysis of small signals
journal, April 1998

The Sanford Underground Research Facility at Homestake
journal, May 2015