Development of a variable-energy, high-intensity, pulsed-mode ion source for low-energy nuclear astrophysics studies

Cooper, Andrew L.; Kelly, K. J.; Machado, E.; Pogrebnyak, I.; Surbrook, J.; Tysor, C.; Thompson, P.; Emamian, M.; Walsh, B.; Carlin, B.; Dermigny, J. R.; Champagne, A. E.; Clegg, T. B.

doi:10.1063/1.5024938

Title: Development of a variable-energy, high-intensity, pulsed-mode ion source for low-energy nuclear astrophysics studies

Abstract

The primary challenge in directly measuring nuclear reaction rates near stellar energies is their small cross sections. The signal-to-background ratio in these complex experiments can be significantly improved by employing high-current (mA-range) beams and novel detection techniques. Therefore, the electron cyclotron resonance ion source at the Laboratory for Experimental Nuclear Astrophysics underwent a complete upgrade of its acceleration column and microwave system to obtain high-intensity, pulsed proton beams. The new column uses a compression design with O-ring seals for vacuum integrity. Its voltage gradient between electrode sections is produced by the parallel resistance of channels of chilled, deionized water. It also incorporates alternating, transverse magnetic fields for electron suppression and an axially adjustable beam extraction system. Following this upgrade, the operational bremsstrahlung radiation levels and high-voltage stability of the source were vastly improved, over 3.5 mA of target beam current was achieved, and an order-of-magnitude increase in normalized brightness was measured. Beam optics calculations, structural design, and further performance results for this source are presented.

Authors:

Cooper, Andrew L. ^[1]; Kelly, K. J. ^[2]; Machado, E. ^[3]; Pogrebnyak, I. ^[4]; Surbrook, J. ^[4]; Tysor, C. ^[5]; Thompson, P. ^[5]; Emamian, M. ^[6]; Walsh, B. ^[6]; Carlin, B. ^[6]; Dermigny, J. R. ^[1]; Champagne, A. E. ^[1]; Clegg, T. B. ^[1]

Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (United States); Triangle Univ. Nuclear Lab., Durham, NC (United States)
Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (United States); Triangle Univ. Nuclear Lab., Durham, NC (United States); Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (United States); Triangle Univ. Nuclear Lab., Durham, NC (United States); Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)
Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (United States); Triangle Univ. Nuclear Lab., Durham, NC (United States); Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States)
Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (United States)
Triangle Univ. Nuclear Lab., Durham, NC (United States); Duke Univ., Durham, NC (United States)

Publication Date:: Tue Aug 07 00:00:00 EDT 2018

Research Org.:: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (United States); Duke Univ., Durham, NC (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)

OSTI Identifier:: 1600493

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1463216

Grant/Contract Number:: FG02-97ER41041; FG02-97ER41033

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Review of Scientific Instruments

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 89; Journal Issue: 8; Journal ID: ISSN 0034-6748

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS; nuclear astrophysics accelerators

Citation Formats


                    Cooper, Andrew L., Kelly, K. J., Machado, E., Pogrebnyak, I., Surbrook, J., Tysor, C., Thompson, P., Emamian, M., Walsh, B., Carlin, B., Dermigny, J. R., Champagne, A. E., and Clegg, T. B. Development of a variable-energy, high-intensity, pulsed-mode ion source for low-energy nuclear astrophysics studies.  United States: N. p., 2018. 
Web.  doi:10.1063/1.5024938.

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                    Cooper, Andrew L., Kelly, K. J., Machado, E., Pogrebnyak, I., Surbrook, J., Tysor, C., Thompson, P., Emamian, M., Walsh, B., Carlin, B., Dermigny, J. R., Champagne, A. E., & Clegg, T. B. Development of a variable-energy, high-intensity, pulsed-mode ion source for low-energy nuclear astrophysics studies.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5024938

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                    Cooper, Andrew L., Kelly, K. J., Machado, E., Pogrebnyak, I., Surbrook, J., Tysor, C., Thompson, P., Emamian, M., Walsh, B., Carlin, B., Dermigny, J. R., Champagne, A. E., and Clegg, T. B. Tue .  
"Development of a variable-energy, high-intensity, pulsed-mode ion source for low-energy nuclear astrophysics studies".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5024938.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1600493.

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@article{osti_1600493,

  title        = {Development of a variable-energy, high-intensity, pulsed-mode ion source for low-energy nuclear astrophysics studies},

  author       = {Cooper, Andrew L. and Kelly, K. J. and Machado, E. and Pogrebnyak, I. and Surbrook, J. and Tysor, C. and Thompson, P. and Emamian, M. and Walsh, B. and Carlin, B. and Dermigny, J. R. and Champagne, A. E. and Clegg, T. B.},

  abstractNote = {The primary challenge in directly measuring nuclear reaction rates near stellar energies is their small cross sections. The signal-to-background ratio in these complex experiments can be significantly improved by employing high-current (mA-range) beams and novel detection techniques. Therefore, the electron cyclotron resonance ion source at the Laboratory for Experimental Nuclear Astrophysics underwent a complete upgrade of its acceleration column and microwave system to obtain high-intensity, pulsed proton beams. The new column uses a compression design with O-ring seals for vacuum integrity. Its voltage gradient between electrode sections is produced by the parallel resistance of channels of chilled, deionized water. It also incorporates alternating, transverse magnetic fields for electron suppression and an axially adjustable beam extraction system. Following this upgrade, the operational bremsstrahlung radiation levels and high-voltage stability of the source were vastly improved, over 3.5 mA of target beam current was achieved, and an order-of-magnitude increase in normalized brightness was measured. Beam optics calculations, structural design, and further performance results for this source are presented.},

  doi          = {10.1063/1.5024938},

  journal      = {Review of Scientific Instruments},

  number       = 8,

  volume       = 89,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Tue Aug 07 00:00:00 EDT 2018},

  month        = {Tue Aug 07 00:00:00 EDT 2018}

}

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Works referenced in this record:

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Title: Development of a variable-energy, high-intensity, pulsed-mode ion source for low-energy nuclear astrophysics studies

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