A Brief Review of Metallothermic Reduction Reactions for Materials Preparation
Abstract
Abstract Metallothermic reduction reactions (MRRs) are displacement reactions that use reactive metals to reduce compounds so that metals, alloys, nonmetal elementary substances, and composites are produced, often in a scalable manner. In recent years, nonmetal materials, mainly silicon and carbon, particularly in their nanostructured forms obtained using an MRR with magnesium as the reductant, have started to attract much attention. However, reactions using other metals as the reductant have not been widely investigated yet. Furthermore, the reaction mechanisms and their controlling factors remain unclear, and much more effort is needed to advance this emerging field. Here, MRR preparation methods for metals, alloys, nanoporous silicon, nanoporous carbon, and composites are discussed as an introduction for new researchers in this field.
- Authors:
-
- Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR (United States)
- Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1543135
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1463211
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-06CH11357; DE‐EE0008194
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Small Methods
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 2; Journal Issue: 12; Journal ID: ISSN 2366-9608
- Publisher:
- Wiley
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; lithiothermic; magnesiothermic; metallothermic; nanoporous graphene; nanoporous silicon
Citation Formats
Xing, Zhenyu, Lu, Jun, and Ji, Xiulei. A Brief Review of Metallothermic Reduction Reactions for Materials Preparation. United States: N. p., 2018.
Web. doi:10.1002/smtd.201800062.
Xing, Zhenyu, Lu, Jun, & Ji, Xiulei. A Brief Review of Metallothermic Reduction Reactions for Materials Preparation. United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.201800062
Xing, Zhenyu, Lu, Jun, and Ji, Xiulei. Tue .
"A Brief Review of Metallothermic Reduction Reactions for Materials Preparation". United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.201800062. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1543135.
@article{osti_1543135,
title = {A Brief Review of Metallothermic Reduction Reactions for Materials Preparation},
author = {Xing, Zhenyu and Lu, Jun and Ji, Xiulei},
abstractNote = {Abstract Metallothermic reduction reactions (MRRs) are displacement reactions that use reactive metals to reduce compounds so that metals, alloys, nonmetal elementary substances, and composites are produced, often in a scalable manner. In recent years, nonmetal materials, mainly silicon and carbon, particularly in their nanostructured forms obtained using an MRR with magnesium as the reductant, have started to attract much attention. However, reactions using other metals as the reductant have not been widely investigated yet. Furthermore, the reaction mechanisms and their controlling factors remain unclear, and much more effort is needed to advance this emerging field. Here, MRR preparation methods for metals, alloys, nanoporous silicon, nanoporous carbon, and composites are discussed as an introduction for new researchers in this field.},
doi = {10.1002/smtd.201800062},
journal = {Small Methods},
number = 12,
volume = 2,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Aug 07 00:00:00 EDT 2018},
month = {Tue Aug 07 00:00:00 EDT 2018}
}
Web of Science
Works referenced in this record:
Effective strategies for improving the electrochemical properties of highly porous Si foam anodes in lithium-ion batteries
journal, January 2014
- Bok, Taesoo; Choi, Sinho; Lee, Jeongchan
- J. Mater. Chem. A, Vol. 2, Issue 34
Characteristics of Niobium Powder Used Capacitors Produced by Metallothermic Reduction in Molten Salt
journal, February 2014
- Yoon, Jae-sik; Lee, Gae-hang; Hong, Soon-jik
- Current Nanoscience, Vol. 10, Issue 1
Transition Metal-Depleted Graphenes for Electrochemical Applications via Reduction of CO 2 by Lithium
journal, December 2013
- Poh, Hwee Ling; Sofer, Zdenek; Luxa, Jan
- Small, Vol. 10, Issue 8
Influence of enhanced carbon crystallinity of nanoporous graphite on the cathode performance of microbial fuel cells
journal, May 2017
- Xing, Zhenyu; Gao, Ningshengjie; Qi, Yitong
- Carbon, Vol. 115
Open aluminothermic reduction of vanadium oxides
journal, May 1972
- Mukherjee, T. K.; Gupta, C. K.
- Journal of the Less Common Metals, Vol. 27, Issue 2
Jules Horowitz Reactor: a high performance material testing reactor
journal, April 2008
- Iracane, Daniel; Chaix, Pascal; Alamo, Ana
- Comptes Rendus Physique, Vol. 9, Issue 3-4
Conversion of diatomite to porous Si/C composites as promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries
journal, December 2012
- Wang, Ming-Shan; Fan, Li-Zhen; Huang, Mian
- Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 219
Platinum nanocrystals supported by silica, alumina and ceria: metal–support interaction due to high-temperature reduction in hydrogen
journal, June 2003
- Penner, S.; Wang, D.; Su, D. S.
- Surface Science, Vol. 532-535
Alkali Reduction of Graphene Oxide in Molten Halide Salts: Production of Corrugated Graphene Derivatives for High-Performance Supercapacitors
journal, November 2014
- Abdelkader, Amr M.; Vallés, Cristina; Cooper, Adam J.
- ACS Nano, Vol. 8, Issue 11
Closure to “Discussion of ‘Preparation and Properties of Iodide Vanadium’ [Julian W. Nash, H. R. Ogden, Richard E. Durtschi, and I. E. Campell (pp. 272–275)]”
journal, January 1953
- Nash, Julian W.
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 100, Issue 12
Combustion synthesis of TiFe by utilizing magnesiothermic reduction
journal, February 2015
- Deguchi, Masaya; Yasuda, Naoto; Zhu, Chunyu
- Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 622
The reduction of graphene oxide
journal, August 2012
- Pei, Songfeng; Cheng, Hui-Ming
- Carbon, Vol. 50, Issue 9
Structural preparation and biocompatibility evaluation of highly porous Tantalum scaffolds
journal, June 2013
- Yang, Hailin; Li, Jing; Zhou, Zhongcheng
- Materials Letters, Vol. 100
Recovery of silicon from silica fume
journal, January 2011
- Barati, M.; Sarder, S.; McLean, A.
- Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, Vol. 357, Issue 1
Bio-derived calcite as a sustainable source for graphene as high-performance electrode material for energy storage
journal, January 2014
- Tang, Huang; Gao, Peibo; Liu, Xianmin
- J. Mater. Chem. A, Vol. 2, Issue 38
Preparation of Ductile Vanadium by Calcium Reduction
journal, January 1950
- Mckechnie, R. K.; Seybolt, A. U.
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 97, Issue 10
Lithium Storage Properties of Porous Carbon Formed Through the Reaction of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide with Alkali Metals: Lithium Storage Properties of Porous Carbon
journal, April 2011
- Wei, Lingzhi; Chen, Qianwang; Kong, Xiangkai
- Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 94, Issue 9
Friedrich W�hler (1800?1882), on the Bicentennial of His Birth
journal, April 2001
- Kauffman, George B.; Chooljian, Steven H.
- The Chemical Educator, Vol. 6, Issue 2
Shape-controlled synthesis of nanocarbons through direct conversion of carbon dioxide
journal, December 2013
- Zhang, Haitao; Zhang, Xiong; Sun, Xianzhong
- Scientific Reports, Vol. 3, Issue 1
Hierarchical nanofibrous silicon as replica of natural cellulose substance
journal, January 2011
- Zhang, Yanhua; Huang, Jianguo
- Journal of Materials Chemistry, Vol. 21, Issue 20
Cerium extraction by metallothermic reduction using cerium oxide powder injection
journal, January 2011
- Luna A., J. S.; Flores V., A.; Muñiz V., R.
- Journal of Rare Earths, Vol. 29, Issue 1
Prospects for SiC electronics and sensors
journal, January 2008
- Wright, Nick G.; Horsfall, Alton B.; Vassilevski, Konstantin
- Materials Today, Vol. 11, Issue 1-2
Direct fabrication of nanoporous graphene from graphene oxide by adding a gasification agent to a magnesiothermic reaction
journal, January 2015
- Xing, Zhenyu; Wang, Bao; Halsted, Joshua Kane
- Chemical Communications, Vol. 51, Issue 10
Rational Design of Void-Involved Si@TiO 2 Nanospheres as High-Performance Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries
journal, April 2014
- Fang, Shan; Shen, Laifa; Xu, Guiyin
- ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 6, Issue 9
A magnesiothermic reaction process for the scalable production of mesoporous silicon for rechargeable lithium batteries
journal, January 2013
- Xing, An; Zhang, Jing; Bao, Zhihao
- Chemical Communications, Vol. 49, Issue 60
Synthesis and Kinetics for Nanocrystalline Titanium Carbide upon Metallothermic Reduction of Liquid Chlorides
journal, July 2005
- Lee, D. W.; Alexandrovskii, S. V.; Tolochko, O. V.
- Glass Physics and Chemistry, Vol. 31, Issue 4
Metallothermic Reduction and Direct Synthesis Techniques in Production of Chromium Disilicide
journal, November 2014
- Molotovska, L. A.; Shakhnin, D. B.; Malyshev, V. V.
- Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics, Vol. 53, Issue 7-8
Hierarchical nanotubular titanium nitride derived from natural cellulose substance and its electrochemical properties
journal, January 2012
- Liu, Xiaoyan; Zhang, Yanhua; Wu, Tao
- Chemical Communications, Vol. 48, Issue 80
Preparation and characterization of high purity calcium, strontium and barium
journal, September 1981
- Evers, J.; Oehlinger, G.; Weiss, A.
- Journal of the Less Common Metals, Vol. 81, Issue 1
Three-dimensional porous silicon–MWNT heterostructure with superior lithium storage performance
journal, January 2011
- Gao, Pengfei; Jia, Haiping; Yang, Jun
- Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 13, Issue 45
Functionalized Single Graphene Sheets Derived from Splitting Graphite Oxide
journal, May 2006
- Schniepp, Hannes C.; Li, Je-Luen; McAllister, Michael J.
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 110, Issue 17
Low temperature synthesis of carbon nanospheres by reducing supercritical carbon dioxide with bimetallic lithium and potassium
journal, June 2006
- Qian, Wen; Wei, Lingzhi; Cao, Fangyu
- Carbon, Vol. 44, Issue 7
Thermodynamics of the Si-C-O system for the production of silicon carbide and metallic silicon
journal, September 1986
- Nagamori, M.; Malinsky, I.; Claveau, A.
- Metallurgical Transactions B, Vol. 17, Issue 3
Freestanding monolithic silicon aerogels
journal, January 2012
- Chen, Ke; Bao, Zhihao; Shen, Jun
- Journal of Materials Chemistry, Vol. 22, Issue 32
Henri Étienne Sainte-Claire Deville: A Physician Turned Metallurgist
journal, April 2004
- Wisniak, Jaime
- Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, Vol. 13, Issue 2
Synthesis of carbon nanotube composites with size-controlled silicon nanoparticles
journal, September 2010
- Zhu, Xingfu; Xia, Baiying; Guo, Mingyi
- Carbon, Vol. 48, Issue 11
Synthesis of carbon nanotubes by reduction of carbon dioxide with metallic lithium
journal, January 2003
- Lou, Zhengsong; Chen, Qianwang; Wang, Wei
- Carbon, Vol. 41, Issue 15
Mesoporous Silicon Anodes Prepared by Magnesiothermic Reduction for Lithium Ion Batteries
journal, January 2011
- Chen, Wei; Fan, Zhongli; Dhanabalan, Abirami
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 158, Issue 9
Reduction smelting of bursa-uludag tungsten concentrates by the aluminothermic process
journal, June 2000
- Yucel, Onuralp; Ozcelebi, M. Abdulnafi
- Scandinavian Journal of Metallurgy, Vol. 29, Issue 3
Preparation of carbon spheres consisting of amorphous carbon cores and graphene shells
journal, January 2004
- Lou, Zhengsong; Chen, Qianwang; Gao, Jin
- Carbon, Vol. 42, Issue 1
Metals, nitrides, and carbides via solar carbothermal reduction of metal oxides
journal, July 1995
- Murray, J.
- Energy, Vol. 20, Issue 7
Metallothermic reduction of MoO3 through making Ni–Mo alloys by the ESR method
journal, November 2004
- Jamshidi, K.; Abdizadeh, H.; Seyyed Ebrahimi, S. A.
- International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, Vol. 22, Issue 6
Synthesis of Ultrathin Silicon Nanosheets by Using Graphene Oxide as Template
journal, December 2011
- Lu, Ziyang; Zhu, Jixin; Sim, Daohao
- Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 23, Issue 24
Hollow nano silicon prepared by a controlled template direction and magnesiothermic reduction reaction as anode for lithium ion batteries
journal, January 2014
- Xie, Jian; Wang, Guoqing; Huo, Ying
- New Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 38, Issue 9
Template confined synthetic strategy for three-dimensional free-standing hierarchical porous nanocrystalline tantalum
journal, February 2014
- Chen, Ke; Xu, Weiwei; Du, Ai
- Materials Letters, Vol. 116
The interpretation of intensity distributions from disordered binary alloys
journal, May 1971
- Borie, B.; Sparks, C. J.
- Acta Crystallographica Section A, Vol. 27, Issue 3
REACTION SYNTHESIS MECHANISM IN DYNAMICALLY DENSIFIED Ti + C POWDER COMPACTS
journal, December 1997
- Lee, Jong-Heon; Thadhani, Naresh N.
- Scripta Materialia, Vol. 37, Issue 12
Julia B. Hall and aluminum
journal, January 1977
- Trescott, Martha M.
- Journal of Chemical Education, Vol. 54, Issue 1
Low-Temperature Pseudomorphic Transformation of Ordered Hierarchical Macro-mesoporous SiO 2 /C Nanocomposite to SiC via Magnesiothermic Reduction
journal, April 2010
- Shi, Yifeng; Zhang, Fan; Hu, Yong-Sheng
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 132, Issue 16
Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films
journal, October 2004
- Novoselov, K. S.
- Science, Vol. 306, Issue 5696, p. 666-669
Controlled fabrication of Si nanoparticles on graphene sheets for Li-ion batteries
journal, January 2013
- Zhu, Shenmin; Zhu, Chengling; Ma, Jun
- RSC Advances, Vol. 3, Issue 17
Challenges in light metals production
journal, March 2007
- Brooks, G.; Cooksey, M.; Wellwood, G.
- Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy, Vol. 116, Issue 1
Vanadium 1
journal, July 1927
- Marden, J. W.; Rich, M. N.
- Industrial & Engineering Chemistry, Vol. 19, Issue 7
Fundamental study on magnesiothermic reduction of titanium dichloride
journal, October 2006
- Takeda, Osamu; Okabe, Toru H.
- Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, Vol. 37, Issue 5
Preparation of nanodispersed silicon powder for implementing anodic composite matrices based on C-Si systems
journal, October 2008
- Popovich, A. A.; Nikiforov, P. A.; Onishchenko, D. V.
- Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering, Vol. 42, Issue 5
Efficient Fabrication of Nanoporous Si and Si/Ge Enabled by a Heat Scavenger in Magnesiothermic Reactions
journal, July 2013
- Luo, Wei; Wang, Xingfeng; Meyers, Colin
- Scientific Reports, Vol. 3, Issue 1
Silicon-Based Thermoelectrics Made from a Boron-Doped Silicon Dioxide Nanocomposite
journal, December 2013
- Snedaker, Matthew L.; Zhang, Yichi; Birkel, Christina S.
- Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 25, Issue 24
The history of copper cementation on iron — The world's first hydrometallurgical process from medieval China
journal, November 1986
- Lung, T. N.
- Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 17, Issue 1
Combustion synthesis-derived tantalum powder for solid-electrolyte capacitors
journal, June 2009
- Won, H. I.; Nersisyan, H. H.; Won, C. W.
- Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 478, Issue 1-2
Preparation of High-Purity Vanadium Metalb by the Iodide Refining Process
journal, January 1961
- Carlson, O. N.; Owen, C. V.
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 108, Issue 1
Fabrication of high surface area mesoporous silicon via magnesiothermic reduction for drug delivery
journal, June 2011
- Guo, Mingyi; Zou, Xiaoqin; Ren, Hao
- Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, Vol. 142, Issue 1
Electrospun Three-Dimensional Mesoporous Silicon Nanofibers as an Anode Material for High-Performance Lithium Secondary Batteries
journal, November 2013
- Lee, Dong Jin; Lee, Hongkyung; Ryou, Myung-Hyun
- ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 5, Issue 22
Conversion of isotope compounds to metals by reduction-distillation methods
journal, December 1979
- Kobisk, E. H.; Adair, H. L.
- Nuclear Instruments and Methods, Vol. 167, Issue 1
Scalable Fabrication of Silicon Nanotubes and their Application to Energy Storage
journal, July 2012
- Yoo, Jung-Keun; Kim, Jongsoon; Jung, Yeon Sik
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 24, Issue 40
The discovery of the elements. XI. Some elements isolated with the aid of potassium and sodium: Zirconium, titanium, cerium, and thorium
journal, July 1932
- Weeks, Mary Elvira
- Journal of Chemical Education, Vol. 9, Issue 7
Structure and Capacitive Properties of Porous Nanocrystalline VN Prepared by Temperature-Programmed Ammonia Reduction of V 2 O 5 †
journal, February 2010
- Glushenkov, Alexey M.; Hulicova-Jurcakova, Denisa; Llewellyn, David
- Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 22, Issue 3
High‐energy product Nd‐Fe‐B permanent magnets
journal, January 1984
- Croat, J. J.; Herbst, J. F.; Lee, R. W.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 44, Issue 1
Synthesis of amorphous silicon/magnesia based direct opals with tunable optical properties
journal, January 2011
- Pallavidino, Luca; Liscidini, Marco; Virga, Alessandro
- Optical Materials, Vol. 33, Issue 3
Facile preparation of silicon hollow spheres and their use in electrochemical capacitive energy storage
journal, January 2012
- Liu, Mei-Pin; Li, Cheng-Hui; Du, Hong-Bin
- Chemical Communications, Vol. 48, Issue 41
Speculation and Experiment in the Background of Oersted's Discovery of Electromagnetism
journal, March 1957
- Stauffer, Robert C.
- Isis, Vol. 48, Issue 1
Characterization of U-2 wt% Mo and U-10 wt% Mo alloy powders prepared by centrifugal atomization
journal, June 1997
- Kim, Ki Hwan; Lee, Don Bac; Kim, Chang Kyu
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 245, Issue 2-3
Room temperature coherent control of defect spin qubits in silicon carbide
journal, November 2011
- Koehl, William F.; Buckley, Bob B.; Heremans, F. Joseph
- Nature, Vol. 479, Issue 7371
Production of graphene by reduction using a magnesiothermic reaction
journal, January 2013
- Luo, Wei; Wang, Bao; Wang, Xingfeng
- Chemical Communications, Vol. 49, Issue 91
Manufacturing of U–10wt% Mo powder by hydride–dehydride processing
journal, December 2010
- Xiong, Yi-Fu; Chen, Miao; Jing, Wen-Yong
- Fusion Engineering and Design, Vol. 85, Issue 7-9
Synthesis of nanocrystalline silicon carbide powder by carbothermal reduction
journal, November 1998
- Martin, Hans-Peter; Ecke, Ramona; Müller, Eberhard
- Journal of the European Ceramic Society, Vol. 18, Issue 12
Low temperature chemical reduction of fusional sodium metasilicate nonahydrate into a honeycomb porous silicon nanostructure
journal, January 2014
- Liang, Jianwen; Wei, Denghu; Lin, Ning
- Chemical Communications, Vol. 50, Issue 52
Chemically activated graphene/porous Si@SiOx composite as anode for lithium ion batteries
journal, October 2014
- Tao, Hua-Chao; Yang, Xue-Lin; Zhang, Lu-Lu
- Materials Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 147, Issue 3
Magnesiothermic Reduction Process Applied to the Powder Production of U(Mo) Fissile Particles
journal, September 2012
- Champion, Guillaume; Allenou, Jérôme; Pasturel, Mathieu
- Advanced Engineering Materials, Vol. 15, Issue 4
Nanostructured silicon spheres prepared by a controllable magnesiothermic reduction as anode for lithium ion batteries
journal, July 2014
- Xie, Jian; Wang, Guoqing; Huo, Ying
- Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 135
Burning lithium in CS2 for high-performing compact Li2S–graphene nanocapsules for Li–S batteries
journal, June 2017
- Tan, Guoqiang; Xu, Rui; Xing, Zhenyu
- Nature Energy, Vol. 2, Issue 7
Mesoporous silicon microspheres fabricated via in situ magnesiothermic reduction of silicon oxide as a high-performance anode material for lithium–ion batteries
journal, December 2014
- Qiu, Danfeng; Bu, Gang; Zhao, Bin
- Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, Vol. 19, Issue 3
Emerging SOM technology for the green synthesis of metals from oxides
journal, October 2001
- Pal, Uday B.; Woolley, David E.; Kenney, George B.
- JOM, Vol. 53, Issue 10
Synthesis of Large-Size Diamonds by Reduction of Dense Carbon Dioxide with Alkali Metals (K, Li)
journal, April 2004
- Lou, Zhengsong; Chen, Qianwang; Zhang, Yufeng
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 108, Issue 14
Formation of variously shaped carbon nanotubes in carbon dioxide–alkali metal (Li, Na) system
journal, January 2005
- Lou, Zhengsong; Chen, Changle; Chen, Qianwang
- Carbon, Vol. 43, Issue 5
Titanium carbide based composites for high temperature applications
journal, October 1999
- Durlu, Nuri
- Journal of the European Ceramic Society, Vol. 19, Issue 13-14
Mechanism of carbothermal reduction of iron, cobalt, nickel and copper oxides
journal, September 2000
- L’vov, Boris V.
- Thermochimica Acta, Vol. 360, Issue 2
Preparation of V–Ti–Fe master alloys by metallothermic reduction method
journal, June 2012
- Wang, Bin; Liu, Kui-ren; Chen, Jian-she
- Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, Vol. 22, Issue 6
The effect of different sources of porous carbon on the synthesis of nanostructured boron carbide by magnesiothermic reduction
journal, December 2014
- Asgarian, Parvaneh; Nourbakhsh, Amirabbas; Amin, Parinaz
- Ceramics International, Vol. 40, Issue 10
Current and Alternative Routes in the Production of Rare Earth Elements
journal, June 2017
- Davris, P.; Balomenos, E.; Taxiarchou, M.
- BHM Berg- und Hüttenmännische Monatshefte, Vol. 162, Issue 7
Metallothermic Reduction of Nd[sub 2]O[sub 3] with Ca in CaCl[sub 2]-NaCl Melts
journal, January 1988
- Sharma, R. A.
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 135, Issue 1
Conversion of carbon dioxide to few-layer graphene
journal, January 2011
- Chakrabarti, Amartya; Lu, Jun; Skrabutenas, Jennifer C.
- Journal of Materials Chemistry, Vol. 21, Issue 26
Vanadium-based BCC alloys: phase-structural characteristics and hydrogen sorption properties
journal, December 2005
- Lototsky, M. V.; Yartys, V. A.; Zavaliy, I. Yu.
- Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 404-406
Si/mesoporous carbon composite as an anode material for lithium ion batteries
journal, March 2013
- Shen, Xueyang; Mu, Daobin; Chen, Shi
- Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 552
Niobium powder production by reducing electrochemically dissolved niobium ions in molten salt
journal, April 2008
- Yuan, Boyan; Okabe, Toru H.
- Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 454, Issue 1-2
Silicon carbide UV photodiodes
journal, January 1993
- Brown, D. M.; Downey, E. T.; Ghezzo, M.
- IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, Vol. 40, Issue 2
Synthesis of silicon carbide nanorods by catalyst-assisted pyrolysis of polymeric precursor
journal, January 2004
- Yang, Weiyou; Miao, Hezhuo; Xie, Zhipeng
- Chemical Physics Letters, Vol. 383, Issue 5-6
Enhanced powder sintering of near-equiatomic NiTi shape-memory alloys using Ca reductant vapor
journal, January 2005
- Bertheville, B.; Bidaux, J. -E.
- Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 387, Issue 1-2
Porous Si spheres encapsulated in carbon shells with enhanced anodic performance in lithium-ion batteries
journal, July 2014
- Wang, Hui; Wu, Ping; Shi, Huimin
- Materials Research Bulletin, Vol. 55
Reducing CO2 to dense nanoporous graphene by Mg/Zn for high power electrochemical capacitors
journal, January 2015
- Xing, Zhenyu; Wang, Bao; Gao, Wenyang
- Nano Energy, Vol. 11
Novel mesoporous Si@C microspheres as anodes for lithium-ion batteries
journal, January 2014
- Ma, Xiaomei; Liu, Mingxian; Gan, Lihua
- Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 16, Issue 9
Facile synthesis of ordered porous Si@C nanorods as anode materials for Li-ion batteries
journal, June 2012
- Tao, Hua-Chao; Fan, Li-Zhen; Qu, Xuanhui
- Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 71
General Recyclable Redox-Metallothermic Reaction Route to Hierarchically Porous Carbon/Metal Composites
journal, June 2016
- Lee, Kyung Joo; Choi, Sinho; Park, Soojin
- Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 12
Templated magnesiothermic synthesis of silicon nanotube bundles and their electrochemical performances in lithium ion batteries
journal, January 2014
- Chen, Jingjing; Liu, Miaomiao; Sun, Jing
- RSC Adv., Vol. 4, Issue 77
A graphene-wrapped silver–porous silicon composite with enhanced electrochemical performance for lithium-ion batteries
journal, January 2013
- Du, Fei-Hu; Wang, Kai-Xue; Fu, Wei
- Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 1, Issue 43
A magnesiothermic route to multicomponent nanocomposites of FeSi2@Si@graphene and FeSi2@Si with promising anode performance
journal, August 2014
- Adpakpang, Kanyaporn; Park, Ji-eun; Oh, Seung Mi
- Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 136
Honeycomb Carbon: A Review of Graphene
journal, January 2010
- Allen, Matthew J.; Tung, Vincent C.; Kaner, Richard B.
- Chemical Reviews, Vol. 110, Issue 1, p. 132-145
Pinpoint and bulk electrochemical reduction of insulating silicon dioxide to silicon
journal, May 2003
- Nohira, Toshiyuki; Yasuda, Kouji; Ito, Yasuhiko
- Nature Materials, Vol. 2, Issue 6
Ueber das Beryllium und Yttrium
journal, January 1828
- Wöhler, F.
- Annalen der Physik und Chemie, Vol. 89, Issue 8
Production of fine tantalum powder by preform reduction process using Mg–Ag alloy reductant
journal, September 2007
- Yuan, Boyan; Okabe, Toru H.
- Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 443, Issue 1-2
The Hotter the Engine, the Better
journal, November 2009
- Perepezko, J. H.
- Science, Vol. 326, Issue 5956
Production of titanium alloys for advanced aerospace systems by powder metallurgy
journal, December 2005
- Henriques, Vinicius André Rodrigues; Campos, Pedro Paulo de; Cairo, Carlos Alberto Alves
- Materials Research, Vol. 8, Issue 4
Temperature dependence of graphene oxide reduced by hydrazine hydrate
journal, December 2010
- Ren, Peng-Gang; Yan, Ding-Xiang; Ji, Xu
- Nanotechnology, Vol. 22, Issue 5
Emerging molten salt technologies for metals production
journal, October 2001
- Fray, Derek J.
- JOM, Vol. 53, Issue 10
Rational design of carbon network cross-linked Si–SiC hollow nanosphere as anode of lithium-ion batteries
journal, January 2014
- Wen, Zhenhai; Lu, Ganhua; Cui, Shumao
- Nanoscale, Vol. 6, Issue 1
Nanosized TiC and TiCN Powders Prepared by Magensiothermic Reduction
journal, July 2013
- Lee, Dong Won; Baek, Youn Kyoung; Seo, In Seok
- Journal of Nano Research, Vol. 23
Binder-free rice husk-based silicon–graphene composite as energy efficient Li-ion battery anodes
journal, January 2014
- Wong, Deniz P.; Suriyaprabha, Rangaraj; Yuvakumar, Rathinam
- J. Mater. Chem. A, Vol. 2, Issue 33
Facile synthesis of uniform MWCNT@Si nanocomposites as high-performance anode materials for lithium-ion batteries
journal, February 2015
- Chen, Yifan; Du, Ning; Zhang, Hui
- Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 622
Modification of Al–Si alloys by metallothermic reduction using submerged SrO powders injection
journal, April 2009
- Molina, C. Moreno; Valdés, A. Flores; Valdez, R. Muñiz
- Materials Letters, Vol. 63, Issue 9-10
Novel Three-Dimensional Mesoporous Silicon for High Power Lithium-Ion Battery Anode Material
journal, October 2011
- Jia, Haiping; Gao, Pengfei; Yang, Jun
- Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 1, Issue 6
Facile fabrication of yolk–shell structured porous Si–C microspheres as effective anode materials for Li-ion batteries
journal, January 2014
- Ru, Yachao; Evans, David G.; Zhu, Hong
- RSC Adv., Vol. 4, Issue 1
Rigid bolaform surfactant templated mesoporous silicon nanofibers as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries
journal, January 2014
- Xu, Dongpo; Huang, Zhehao; Miao, Rongrong
- J. Mater. Chem. A, Vol. 2, Issue 46
Silicon Carbide as a Platform for Power Electronics
journal, June 2009
- Eddy, C. R.; Gaskill, D. K.
- Science, Vol. 324, Issue 5933
Synthesis of resorcinol–formaldehyde/silica composite aerogels and their low-temperature conversion to mesoporous silicon carbide
journal, February 2012
- Chen, Ke; Bao, Zhihao; Du, Ai
- Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, Vol. 149, Issue 1
Revisit of metallothermic reduction for macroporous Si: compromise between capacity and volume expansion for practical Li-ion battery
journal, March 2015
- Choi, Sinho; Bok, Taesoo; Ryu, Jaegeon
- Nano Energy, Vol. 12
Scalable synthesis of silicon nanosheets from sand as an anode for Li-ion batteries
journal, January 2014
- Kim, Won-Sik; Hwa, Yoon; Shin, Jung-Hoo
- Nanoscale, Vol. 6, Issue 8
From Phenylsiloxane Polymer Composition to Size-Controlled Silicon Carbide Nanocrystals
journal, January 2009
- Henderson, Eric J.; Veinot, Jonathan G. C.
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 131, Issue 2
Synthesis and characterization of nickel nanoparticles by hydrazine reduction in ethylene glycol
journal, March 2003
- Wu, Szu-Han; Chen, Dong-Hwang
- Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 259, Issue 2
Chemical reduction of three-dimensional silica micro-assemblies into microporous silicon replicas
journal, March 2007
- Bao, Zhihao; Weatherspoon, Michael R.; Shian, Samuel
- Nature, Vol. 446, Issue 7132, p. 172-175
Facile fabrication of Si mesoporous nanowires for high-capacity and long-life lithium storage
journal, January 2013
- Chen, Jizhang; Yang, Li; Rousidan, Saibihai
- Nanoscale, Vol. 5, Issue 21
Interweaved Si@SiOx/C nanoporous spheres as anode materials for Li-ion batteries
journal, July 2012
- Tao, Hua-Chao; Huang, Mian; Fan, Li-Zhen
- Solid State Ionics, Vol. 220, p. 1-6
Preparation of enriched rare-earth metals by hydrofluorination and reduction
journal, December 1999
- Brashear, D. R.; Zevenbergen, L. A.
- Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 438, Issue 1
Heat-treatment effects of V-based solid solution alloy with TiNi-based network structure on hydrogen storage and electrode properties
journal, October 1996
- Tsukahara, M.; Takahashi, K.; Mishima, T.
- Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 243, Issue 1-2
Highly-active direct Z-scheme Si/TiO 2 photocatalyst for boosted CO 2 reduction into value-added methanol
journal, January 2014
- Liu, Yousong; Ji, Guangbin; Dastageer, Mohammed Abdulkader
- RSC Adv., Vol. 4, Issue 100
Mesoporous silicon engineered by the reduction of biosilica from rice husk as a high-performance anode for lithium-ion batteries
journal, January 2013
- Xing, An; Tian, Shuang; Tang, Huang
- RSC Advances, Vol. 3, Issue 26
Growth of Conical Carbon Nanotubes by Chemical Reduction of MgCO 3
journal, June 2005
- Lou, Zhengsong; Chen, Changle; Chen, Qianwang
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 109, Issue 21
Titanium Silicide Coated Porous Silicon Nanospheres as Anode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries
journal, January 2015
- Kim, Young Min; Ahn, Jihoon; Yu, Seung-Ho
- Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 151
Ion beam synthesis of diamond-SiC-heterostructures
journal, March 2003
- Weishart, H.; Heera, V.; Eichhorn, F.
- Diamond and Related Materials, Vol. 12, Issue 3-7
Preparation of porous zirconium microspheres by magnesiothermic reduction and their microstructural characteristics
journal, August 2011
- Park, Kyung-Tae; Nersisyan, Hayk H.; Chun, Byong-Sun
- Journal of Materials Research, Vol. 26, Issue 16
Manufacturing low enriched uranium metal by magnesiothermic reduction of UF4
journal, December 2017
- Durazzo, M.; Saliba-Silva, A. M.; Martins, I. C.
- Annals of Nuclear Energy, Vol. 110
Reduction of molybdenum oxide from steelmaking slags by pure liquid iron
journal, January 2012
- Gao, Y. M.; Jiang, Y.; Huang, S.
- Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy, Vol. 48, Issue 1
The Production of Ductile Titanium
journal, January 1940
- Kroll, W.
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 78, Issue 1, p. 35-47
Nitrogen-Doped Nanoporous Graphenic Carbon: An Efficient Conducting Support for O 2 Cathode
journal, May 2016
- Xing, Zhenyu; Luo, Xiangyi; Qi, Yitong
- ChemNanoMat, Vol. 2, Issue 7
Novel mesoporous silicon nanorod as an anode material for lithium ion batteries
journal, May 2014
- Zhou, Yanli; Jiang, Xiaolei; Chen, Liang
- Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 127
Production of Metallic Vanadium by Preform Reduction Process
journal, January 2010
- Miyauchi, Akihiko; Okabe, Toru H.
- MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS, Vol. 51, Issue 6
Studies on the Carbothermal Preparation of Titanium Carbide from Different Gel Precursors
journal, February 1999
- Preiss, Henry; Berger, Lutz-Michael; Schultze, Dietrich
- Journal of the European Ceramic Society, Vol. 19, Issue 2
Patterned growth of nanocrystalline silicon thin films through magnesiothermic reduction of soda lime glass
journal, January 2012
- Wong, Deniz P.; Lien, Hsiang-Ting; Chen, Yit-Tsong
- Green Chemistry, Vol. 14, Issue 4
Three-Dimensional Interconnected Network of Graphene-Wrapped Porous Silicon Spheres: In Situ Magnesiothermic-Reduction Synthesis and Enhanced Lithium-Storage Capabilities
journal, February 2014
- Wu, Ping; Wang, Hui; Tang, Yawen
- ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 6, Issue 5
Production of Aluminum-Titanium-Boron Master Alloy by Aluminothermic Process
journal, May 2001
- Yücel,, Onuralp; Şahin,, Filiz Çinar
- High Temperature Materials and Processes, Vol. 20, Issue 2
Chapter 2 Preparation and basic properties of the rare earth metals
book, January 1978
- Beaudry, B. J.; Gschneidner, K. A.
- Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, Vol. 1, p. 173-232
Production of Fine Tantalum Powder by Preform Reduction Process Using Mg—Ag Alloy Reductant.
journal, October 2007
- Yuan, Boyan; Okabe, Toru H.
- ChemInform, Vol. 38, Issue 40
Nanosized TiC and TiCN Powders Prepared by Magensiothermic Reduction
journal, October 2013
- Lee, Dong Won; Baek, Youn Kyoung; Seo, In Seok
- Journal of Nano Research, Vol. 25
Closure to “Discussion of ‘Preparation and Properties of Iodide Vanadium’ [Julian W. Nash, H. R. Ogden, Richard E. Durtschi, and I. E. Campell (pp. 272–275)]”
journal, January 1953
- Nash, Julian W.
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 100, Issue 12
Synthesis of Large-Size Diamonds by Reduction of Dense Carbon Dioxide with Alkali Metals (K, Li).
journal, July 2004
- Lou, Zhengsong; Chen, Qianwang; Zhang, Yufeng
- ChemInform, Vol. 35, Issue 27
Enhanced Powder Sintering of Near-Equiatomic NiTi Shape-Memory Alloys Using Ca Reductant Vapor.
journal, April 2005
- Bertheville, B.; Bidaux, J. -E.
- ChemInform, Vol. 36, Issue 16
Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films
text, January 2004
- Novoselov, K. S.; Geim, A. K.; Morozov, S. V.
- arXiv
Works referencing / citing this record:
Gas‐solid displacement reactions in the Ti–W–C system
journal, December 2019
- Dempsey, Ryan D.; Lipke, David W.
- Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 103, Issue 4
Scalable Solid-State Synthesis of Self-Assembled Si Nanoparticles in Spherical Carbons through Relative Miscibility for Li-Ion Batteries
journal, January 2019
- Park, Yuwon; Lim, Jaewoong; Mok, Duckgyun
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 6