DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Description and Evaluation of the MIT Earth System Model (MESM)

Abstract

The Massachusetts Institute of Technology Integrated Global System Model (IGSM) is designed for analyzing the global environmental changes that may result from anthropogenic causes, quantifying the uncertainties associated with the projected changes, and assessing the costs and environmental effectiveness of proposed policies to mitigate climate risk. The IGSM consists of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Earth System Model (MESM) of intermediate complexity and the Economic Projections and Policy Analysis model. This paper documents the current version of the MESM, which includes a two-dimensional (zonally averaged) atmospheric model with interactive chemistry coupled to the zonally averaged version of Global Land System model and an anomaly-diffusing ocean model.

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [2];  [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [3];  [1]; ORCiD logo [4];  [1];  [4]; ORCiD logo [5]
  1. Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA USA
  2. The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole MA USA
  3. Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA USA, Now at Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Lexington MA USA
  4. Department of Meteorology and Earth and Environmental Systems Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park PA USA
  5. Laboratory for Aviation and the Environment, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA USA
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC)
OSTI Identifier:
1463176
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1463177; OSTI ID: 1511580
Grant/Contract Number:  
FG02-94ER61937
Resource Type:
Published Article
Journal Name:
Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems Journal Volume: 10 Journal Issue: 8; Journal ID: ISSN 1942-2466
Publisher:
American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
58 GEOSCIENCES

Citation Formats

Sokolov, Andrei, Kicklighter, David, Schlosser, Adam, Wang, Chien, Monier, Erwan, Brown-Steiner, Benjamin, Prinn, Ronald, Forest, Chris, Gao, Xiang, Libardoni, Alex, and Eastham, Sebastian. Description and Evaluation of the MIT Earth System Model (MESM). United States: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.1029/2018MS001277.
Sokolov, Andrei, Kicklighter, David, Schlosser, Adam, Wang, Chien, Monier, Erwan, Brown-Steiner, Benjamin, Prinn, Ronald, Forest, Chris, Gao, Xiang, Libardoni, Alex, & Eastham, Sebastian. Description and Evaluation of the MIT Earth System Model (MESM). United States. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018MS001277
Sokolov, Andrei, Kicklighter, David, Schlosser, Adam, Wang, Chien, Monier, Erwan, Brown-Steiner, Benjamin, Prinn, Ronald, Forest, Chris, Gao, Xiang, Libardoni, Alex, and Eastham, Sebastian. Fri . "Description and Evaluation of the MIT Earth System Model (MESM)". United States. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018MS001277.
@article{osti_1463176,
title = {Description and Evaluation of the MIT Earth System Model (MESM)},
author = {Sokolov, Andrei and Kicklighter, David and Schlosser, Adam and Wang, Chien and Monier, Erwan and Brown-Steiner, Benjamin and Prinn, Ronald and Forest, Chris and Gao, Xiang and Libardoni, Alex and Eastham, Sebastian},
abstractNote = {The Massachusetts Institute of Technology Integrated Global System Model (IGSM) is designed for analyzing the global environmental changes that may result from anthropogenic causes, quantifying the uncertainties associated with the projected changes, and assessing the costs and environmental effectiveness of proposed policies to mitigate climate risk. The IGSM consists of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Earth System Model (MESM) of intermediate complexity and the Economic Projections and Policy Analysis model. This paper documents the current version of the MESM, which includes a two-dimensional (zonally averaged) atmospheric model with interactive chemistry coupled to the zonally averaged version of Global Land System model and an anomaly-diffusing ocean model.},
doi = {10.1029/2018MS001277},
journal = {Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems},
number = 8,
volume = 10,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Aug 03 00:00:00 EDT 2018},
month = {Fri Aug 03 00:00:00 EDT 2018}
}

Journal Article:
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1029/2018MS001277

Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 21 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

Save / Share:

Works referenced in this record:

Indirect Emissions from Biofuels: How Important?
journal, October 2009


The Land Surface Climatology of the Community Land Model Coupled to the NCAR Community Climate Model*
journal, November 2002


A modeling study on the climate impacts of black carbon aerosols: CLIMATE ASPECTS OF BLACK CARBON
journal, February 2004

  • Wang, Chien
  • Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 109, Issue D3
  • DOI: 10.1029/2003JD004084

On the contribution of local feedback mechanisms to the range of climate sensitivity in two GCM ensembles
journal, February 2006


Long-term economic modeling for climate change assessment
journal, January 2016


Climate Change and Economic Growth Prospects for Malawi: An Uncertainty Approach
journal, July 2014

  • Arndt, C.; Schlosser, A.; Strzepek, K.
  • Journal of African Economies, Vol. 23, Issue suppl 2
  • DOI: 10.1093/jae/eju013

Photosynthetic acclimation in trees to rising atmospheric CO2: A broader perspective
journal, March 1994

  • Gunderson, Carla A.; Wullschleger, Stan D.
  • Photosynthesis Research, Vol. 39, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1007/BF00014592

The last decade of global anthropogenic sulfur dioxide: 2000–2011 emissions
journal, January 2013


Forest response to elevated CO2 is conserved across a broad range of productivity
journal, December 2005

  • Norby, R. J.; DeLucia, E. H.; Gielen, B.
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 102, Issue 50
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0509478102

Potential Net Primary Productivity in South America: Application of a Global Model
journal, November 1991

  • Raich, J. W.; Rastetter, E. B.; Melillo, J. M.
  • Ecological Applications, Vol. 1, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.2307/1941899

An Overview of CMIP5 and the Experiment Design
journal, April 2012

  • Taylor, Karl E.; Stouffer, Ronald J.; Meehl, Gerald A.
  • Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 93, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00094.1

An Observationally Based Estimate of the Climate Sensitivity
journal, November 2002


Nitrous oxide emissions from soils: how well do we understand the processes and their controls?
journal, July 2013

  • Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus; Baggs, Elizabeth M.; Dannenmann, Michael
  • Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Vol. 368, Issue 1621
  • DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0122

Global Carbon Budget 2016
journal, January 2016

  • Le Quéré, Corinne; Andrew, Robbie M.; Canadell, Josep G.
  • Earth System Science Data, Vol. 8, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.5194/essd-8-605-2016

Evaluation of a component of the cloud response to climate change in an intercomparison of climate models
journal, December 2005


Climate simulations for 1880–2003 with GISS modelE
journal, June 2007


A soil moisture assimilation scheme based on the microwave Land Emissivity Model and the Community Land Model
journal, September 2011


Parameterization of urban subgrid scale processes in global atmospheric chemistry models
journal, February 1998

  • Calbó, Josep; Pan, Wenwei; Webster, Mort
  • Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 103, Issue D3
  • DOI: 10.1029/97JD02654

Emulating coupled atmosphere-ocean and carbon cycle models with a simpler model, MAGICC6 – Part 1: Model description and calibration
journal, January 2011

  • Meinshausen, M.; Raper, S. C. B.; Wigley, T. M. L.
  • Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 11, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.5194/acp-11-1417-2011

A global interactive chemistry and climate model: Formulation and testing
journal, February 1998

  • Wang, Chien; Prinn, Ronald G.; Sokolov, Andrei
  • Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 103, Issue D3
  • DOI: 10.1029/97JD03465

Correction to “Sensitivity of distributions of climate system properties to the surface temperature data set”: CORRECTION
journal, May 2013

  • Libardoni, Alex G.; Forest, Chris E.
  • Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 40, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1002/grl.50480

Modeling Air–Land–Sea Interactions Using the Integrated Regional Model System in Monterey Bay, California
journal, April 2012


Transient climate change and net ecosystem production of the terrestrial biosphere
journal, June 1998

  • Xiao, X.; Melillo, J. M.; Kicklighter, D. W.
  • Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Vol. 12, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1029/98GB01035

Long-Term Climate Change Commitment and Reversibility: An EMIC Intercomparison
journal, August 2013


Consequences of Considering Carbon–Nitrogen Interactions on the Feedbacks between Climate and the Terrestrial Carbon Cycle
journal, August 2008

  • Sokolov, Andrei P.; Kicklighter, David W.; Melillo, Jerry M.
  • Journal of Climate, Vol. 21, Issue 15
  • DOI: 10.1175/2008JCLI2038.1

Quantifying the Likelihood of Regional Climate Change: A Hybridized Approach
journal, May 2013


A flexible climate model for use in integrated assessments
journal, March 1998


Probabilistic climate change projections using neural networks
journal, September 2003


Robust comparison of climate models with observations using blended land air and ocean sea surface temperatures: ROBUST COMPARISON OF CLIMATE MODELS
journal, August 2015

  • Cowtan, Kevin; Hausfather, Zeke; Hawkins, Ed
  • Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 42, Issue 15
  • DOI: 10.1002/2015GL064888

Potential influence of climate-induced vegetation shifts on future land use and associated land carbon fluxes in Northern Eurasia
journal, March 2014


Systematic assessment of terrestrial biogeochemistry in coupled climate-carbon models
journal, October 2009


Response of the East Asian climate system to water and heat changes of global frozen soil using NCAR CAM model
journal, July 2012


Global Carbon Budget 2017
journal, January 2018

  • Le Quéré, Corinne; Andrew, Robbie M.; Friedlingstein, Pierre
  • Earth System Science Data, Vol. 10, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.5194/essd-10-405-2018

Protected areas’ role in climate-change mitigation
journal, October 2015


Global modeling of soil nitrous oxide emissions from natural processes: GLOBAL SOIL NITROUS OXIDE EMISSIONS
journal, September 2013

  • Saikawa, E.; Schlosser, C. A.; Prinn, R. G.
  • Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Vol. 27, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1002/gbc.20087

Greenhouse gas emissions from alternative futures of deforestation and agricultural management in the southern Amazon
journal, July 2010

  • Galford, G. L.; Melillo, J. M.; Kicklighter, D. W.
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 107, Issue 46
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1000780107

Anthropogenic sulfur dioxide emissions: 1850–2005
journal, January 2011

  • Smith, S. J.; van Aardenne, J.; Klimont, Z.
  • Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 11, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.5194/acp-11-1101-2011

Interactions between carbon and nitrogen dynamics in estimating net primary productivity for potential vegetation in North America
journal, June 1992

  • McGuire, A. D.; Melillo, J. M.; Joyce, L. A.
  • Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Vol. 6, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1029/92GB00219

Equilibrium responses of global net primary production and carbon storage to doubled atmospheric carbon dioxide: Sensitivity to changes in vegetation nitrogen concentration
journal, June 1997

  • McGuire, A. David; Melillo, Jerry M.; Kicklighter, David W.
  • Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Vol. 11, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1029/97GB00059

Climate sensitivity: Analysis of feedback mechanisms
book, January 1984

  • Hansen, J.; Lacis, A.; Rind, D.
  • Climate Processes and Climate Sensitivity, Vol. 29
  • DOI: 10.1029/GM029p0130

CMIP5 historical simulations (1850-2012) with GISS ModelE2
journal, June 2014

  • Miller, Ron L.; Schmidt, Gavin A.; Nazarenko, Larissa S.
  • Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol. 6, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1002/2013MS000266

Tree responses to rising CO 2 in field experiments: implications for the future forest
journal, June 1999


Carbon uptake experiments with a zonally-averaged global ocean circulation model
journal, April 1994


Climate–Carbon Cycle Feedback Analysis: Results from the C 4 MIP Model Intercomparison
journal, July 2006

  • Friedlingstein, P.; Cox, P.; Betts, R.
  • Journal of Climate, Vol. 19, Issue 14
  • DOI: 10.1175/JCLI3800.1

Uncertainty Analysis of Climate Change and Policy Response
journal, December 2003


Estimating Climatological Bias Errors for the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP)
journal, January 2012

  • Adler, Robert F.; Gu, Guojun; Huffman, George J.
  • Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, Vol. 51, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1175/JAMC-D-11-052.1

The Role of Nitrogen in the Response of Forest Net Primary Production to Elevated Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide
journal, November 1995


The future of global water stress: An integrated assessment: SCHLOSSER ET AL.
journal, August 2014

  • Schlosser, C. Adam; Strzepek, Kenneth; Gao, Xiang
  • Earth's Future, Vol. 2, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1002/2014EF000238

Long-Term Climate Commitments Projected with Climate–Carbon Cycle Models
journal, June 2008


Global economic effects of changes in crops, pasture, and forests due to changing climate, carbon dioxide, and ozone
journal, November 2007


The Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2)
journal, July 2017


Linking local air pollution to global chemistry and climate
journal, September 2000

  • Mayer, Monika; Wang, Chien; Webster, Mort
  • Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 105, Issue D18
  • DOI: 10.1029/2000JD900307

How Well Do We Understand and Evaluate Climate Change Feedback Processes?
journal, August 2006

  • Bony, Sandrine; Colman, Robert; Kattsov, Vladimir M.
  • Journal of Climate, Vol. 19, Issue 15
  • DOI: 10.1175/JCLI3819.1

Comparison of model estimates of the effects of aviation emissions on atmospheric ozone and methane: AVIATION EFFECTS ON OZONE AND METHANE
journal, November 2013

  • Olsen, Seth C.; Brasseur, Guy P.; Wuebbles, Donald J.
  • Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 40, Issue 22
  • DOI: 10.1002/2013GL057660

Hydrologic Sensitivities of Colorado River Runoff to Changes in Precipitation and Temperature
journal, June 2012

  • Vano, Julie A.; Das, Tapash; Lettenmaier, Dennis P.
  • Journal of Hydrometeorology, Vol. 13, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1175/JHM-D-11-069.1

Improved Reconstruction of Global Precipitation since 1900
journal, October 2012

  • Smith, Thomas M.; Arkin, Phillip A.; Ren, Li
  • Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, Vol. 29, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00001.1

Use of an upwelling-diffusion energy balance climate model to simulate and diagnose A/OGCM results
journal, May 2001

  • Raper, S. C. B.; Gregory, J. M.; Osborn, T. J.
  • Climate Dynamics, Vol. 17, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1007/PL00007931

Land carbon sequestration within the conterminous United States: Regional- and state-level analyses: Regional U.S. land sinks and legacies
journal, February 2015

  • Lu, Xiaoliang; Kicklighter, David W.; Melillo, Jerry M.
  • Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, Vol. 120, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1002/2014JG002818

The Version-2 Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) Monthly Precipitation Analysis (1979–Present)
journal, December 2003


Analysis of climate policy targets under uncertainty
journal, September 2011


An efficient method for parametric uncertainty analysis of numerical geophysical models
journal, September 1997

  • Tatang, Menner A.; Pan, Wenwei; Prinn, Ronald G.
  • Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 102, Issue D18
  • DOI: 10.1029/97JD01654

Efficient Three-Dimensional Global Models for Climate Studies: Models I and II
journal, April 1983


A meta-analysis of elevated CO 2 effects on woody plant mass, form, and physiology
journal, January 1998


Comparing Oceanic Heat Uptake in AOGCM Transient Climate Change Experiments
journal, May 2003


A comparison of climate feedbacks in general circulation models
journal, March 2003


Objective estimation of the probability density function for climate sensitivity
journal, October 2001

  • Andronova, Natalia G.; Schlesinger, Michael E.
  • Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 106, Issue D19
  • DOI: 10.1029/2000JD000259

Evaluating adjusted forcing and model spread for historical and future scenarios in the CMIP5 generation of climate models: FORCING IN CMIP5 CLIMATE MODELS
journal, February 2013

  • Forster, Piers M.; Andrews, Timothy; Good, Peter
  • Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 118, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1002/jgrd.50174

Seasonal oceanic heat transports computed from an atmospheric model
journal, August 1985

  • Russell, Gary L.; Miller, James R.; Tsang, Lie-Ching
  • Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans, Vol. 9, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1016/0377-0265(85)90022-3

Examining vegetation feedbacks on global warming in the Community Earth System Model: VEGETATION FEEDBACKS
journal, October 2012

  • Pu, Bing; Dickinson, Robert E.
  • Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 117, Issue D20
  • DOI: 10.1029/2012JD017623

Changing the Climate Sensitivity of an Atmospheric General Circulation Model through Cloud Radiative Adjustment
journal, October 2012


Constraining the Ratio of Global Warming to Cumulative CO 2 Emissions Using CMIP5 Simulations
journal, September 2013


A framework for modeling uncertainty in regional climate change
journal, June 2014


Quantifying uncertainties in global and regional temperature change using an ensemble of observational estimates: The HadCRUT4 data set: THE HADCRUT4 DATASET
journal, April 2012

  • Morice, Colin P.; Kennedy, John J.; Rayner, Nick A.
  • Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 117, Issue D8
  • DOI: 10.1029/2011JD017187

Reconciled climate response estimates from climate models and the energy budget of Earth
journal, June 2016

  • Richardson, Mark; Cowtan, Kevin; Hawkins, Ed
  • Nature Climate Change, Vol. 6, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1038/nclimate3066

Using Land To Mitigate Climate Change: Hitting the Target, Recognizing the Trade-offs
journal, May 2012

  • Reilly, John; Melillo, Jerry; Cai, Yongxia
  • Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 46, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1021/es2034729

Model structure in observational constraints on transient climate response
journal, March 2015


Biogeophysical effects of historical land cover changes simulated by six Earth system models of intermediate complexity
journal, March 2006


Global climate changes as forecast by Goddard Institute for Space Studies three-dimensional model
journal, January 1988


An efficient climate model with a 3D ocean and statistical-dynamical atmosphere*
journal, September 2002


Intercomparison and interpretation of climate feedback processes in 19 atmospheric general circulation models
journal, January 1990

  • Cess, R. D.; Potter, G. L.; Blanchet, J. P.
  • Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 95, Issue D10
  • DOI: 10.1029/JD095iD10p16601

Improved simulation of the terrestrial hydrological cycle in permafrost regions by the Community Land Model: IMPROVED CLM COLD-REGION HYDROLOGY
journal, March 2012

  • Swenson, S. C.; Lawrence, D. M.; Lee, Hanna
  • Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol. 4, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1029/2012MS000165

Projections of Water Stress Based on an Ensemble of Socioeconomic Growth and Climate Change Scenarios: A Case Study in Asia
journal, March 2016


Probabilistic Forecast for Twenty-First-Century Climate Based on Uncertainties in Emissions (Without Policy) and Climate Parameters
journal, October 2009

  • Sokolov, A. P.; Stone, P. H.; Forest, C. E.
  • Journal of Climate, Vol. 22, Issue 19
  • DOI: 10.1175/2009JCLI2863.1

Impact of Aviation on Climate: FAA’s Aviation Climate Change Research Initiative (ACCRI) Phase II
journal, April 2016

  • Brasseur, Guy P.; Gupta, Mohan; Anderson, Bruce E.
  • Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 97, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00089.1

Ozone database in support of CMIP5 simulations: results and corresponding radiative forcing
journal, January 2011

  • Cionni, I.; Eyring, V.; Lamarque, J. F.
  • Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 11, Issue 21
  • DOI: 10.5194/acp-11-11267-2011

Uncertainties in CMIP5 Climate Projections due to Carbon Cycle Feedbacks
journal, January 2014

  • Friedlingstein, Pierre; Meinshausen, Malte; Arora, Vivek K.
  • Journal of Climate, Vol. 27, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00579.1

Probabilistic projections of 21st century climate change over Northern Eurasia
journal, October 2013


The proportionality of global warming to cumulative carbon emissions
journal, June 2009

  • Matthews, H. Damon; Gillett, Nathan P.; Stott, Peter A.
  • Nature, Vol. 459, Issue 7248
  • DOI: 10.1038/nature08047

World ocean heat content and thermosteric sea level change (0-2000 m), 1955-2010: WORLD OCEAN HEAT CONTENT
journal, May 2012

  • Levitus, S.; Antonov, J. I.; Boyer, T. P.
  • Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 39, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1029/2012GL051106

Sensitivity of distributions of climate system properties to the surface temperature dataset: SENSITIVITY OF PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS
journal, November 2011

  • Libardoni, Alex G.; Forest, Chris E.
  • Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 38, Issue 22
  • DOI: 10.1029/2011GL049431

A new, lower value of total solar irradiance: Evidence and climate significance: FRONTIER
journal, January 2011

  • Kopp, Greg; Lean, Judith L.
  • Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 38, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1029/2010GL045777

Constraining climate model parameters from observed 20th century changes
journal, January 2008


Forcing, feedbacks and climate sensitivity in CMIP5 coupled atmosphere-ocean climate models: CLIMATE SENSITIVITY IN CMIP5 MODELS
journal, May 2012

  • Andrews, Timothy; Gregory, Jonathan M.; Webb, Mark J.
  • Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 39, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.1029/2012GL051607

Future Effects of Ozone on Carbon Sequestration and Climate Change Policy Using a Global Biogeochemical Model
journal, December 2005


Global climate change and terrestrial net primary production
journal, May 1993

  • Melillo, Jerry M.; McGuire, A. David; Kicklighter, David W.
  • Nature, Vol. 363, Issue 6426
  • DOI: 10.1038/363234a0

Stratospheric aerosol optical depths, 1850–1990
journal, January 1993

  • Sato, Makiko; Hansen, James E.; McCormick, M. Patrick
  • Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 98, Issue D12
  • DOI: 10.1029/93JD02553

Investigating the Causes of the Response of the Thermohaline Circulation to Past and Future Climate Changes
journal, April 2006

  • Stouffer, R. J.; Yin, J.; Gregory, J. M.
  • Journal of Climate, Vol. 19, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1175/JCLI3689.1

Does Model Sensitivity to Changes in CO 2 Provide a Measure of Sensitivity to Other Forcings?
journal, July 2006


Global warming under old and new scenarios using IPCC climate sensitivity range estimates
journal, February 2012

  • Rogelj, Joeri; Meinshausen, Malte; Knutti, Reto
  • Nature Climate Change, Vol. 2, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1038/nclimate1385

Present state of global wetland extent and wetland methane modelling: conclusions from a model inter-comparison project (WETCHIMP)
journal, January 2013


Permafrost degradation and methane: low risk of biogeochemical climate-warming feedback
journal, July 2013


Historical and idealized climate model experiments: an intercomparison of Earth system models of intermediate complexity
journal, January 2013


Parameterization improvements and functional and structural advances in Version 4 of the Community Land Model
journal, January 2011

  • Lawrence, David M.; Oleson, Keith W.; Flanner, Mark G.
  • Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol. 3, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1029/2011MS000045

Rising methane emissions in response to climate change in Northern Eurasia during the 21st century
journal, October 2011


Historical carbon emissions and uptake from the agricultural frontier of the Brazilian Amazon
journal, April 2011

  • Galford, Gillian L.; Melillo, Jerry M.; Kicklighter, David W.
  • Ecological Applications, Vol. 21, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1890/09-1957.1