Large-area synthesis of high-quality monolayer 1T’-WTe 2 flakes
Abstract
Large-area growth of monolayer films of the transition metal dichalcogenides is of the utmost importance in this rapidly advancing research area. The mechanical exfoliation method offers high quality monolayer material but it is a problematic approach when applied to materials that are not air stable. One important example is 1T’-WTe2, which in multilayer form is reported to possess a large non saturating magnetoresistance, pressure induced superconductivity, and a weak antilocalization effect, but electrical data for the monolayer is yet to be reported due to its rapid degradation in air. Here we report a reliable and reproducible large-area growth process for obtaining many monolayer 1T’-WTe2 flakes. We confirmed the composition and structure of monolayer 1T’-WTe2 flakes using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and aberration corrected transmission electron microscopy. We studied the time dependent degradation of monolayer 1T’-WTe2 under ambient conditions, and we used first-principles calculations to identify reaction with oxygen as the degradation mechanism. Finally we investigated the electrical properties of monolayer 1T’-WTe2 and found metallic conduction at low temperature along with a weak antilocalization effect that is evidence for strong spin–orbit coupling.
- Authors:
-
- Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (United States)
- Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (United States); Hong Kong Univ. of Science and Technology, Kowloon (Hong Kong)
- Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (United States); Seoul National Univ. (Korea, Republic of)
- Hong Kong Univ. of Science and Technology, Kowloon (Hong Kong)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1463108
- Grant/Contract Number:
- FG02-07ER15920
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- 2D Materials
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 4; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 2053-1583
- Publisher:
- IOP Publishing
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
Citation Formats
Naylor, Carl H., Parkin, William M., Gao, Zhaoli, Kang, Hojin, Noyan, Mehmet, Wexler, Robert B., Tan, Liang Z., Kim, Youngkuk, Kehayias, Christopher E., Streller, Frank, Zhou, Yu Ren, Carpick, Robert, Luo, Zhengtang, Park, Yung Woo, Rappe, Andrew M., Drndić, Marija, Kikkawa, James M., and Johnson, A. T. Charlie. Large-area synthesis of high-quality monolayer 1T’-WTe 2 flakes. United States: N. p., 2017.
Web. doi:10.1088/2053-1583/aa5921.
Naylor, Carl H., Parkin, William M., Gao, Zhaoli, Kang, Hojin, Noyan, Mehmet, Wexler, Robert B., Tan, Liang Z., Kim, Youngkuk, Kehayias, Christopher E., Streller, Frank, Zhou, Yu Ren, Carpick, Robert, Luo, Zhengtang, Park, Yung Woo, Rappe, Andrew M., Drndić, Marija, Kikkawa, James M., & Johnson, A. T. Charlie. Large-area synthesis of high-quality monolayer 1T’-WTe 2 flakes. United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1583/aa5921
Naylor, Carl H., Parkin, William M., Gao, Zhaoli, Kang, Hojin, Noyan, Mehmet, Wexler, Robert B., Tan, Liang Z., Kim, Youngkuk, Kehayias, Christopher E., Streller, Frank, Zhou, Yu Ren, Carpick, Robert, Luo, Zhengtang, Park, Yung Woo, Rappe, Andrew M., Drndić, Marija, Kikkawa, James M., and Johnson, A. T. Charlie. Wed .
"Large-area synthesis of high-quality monolayer 1T’-WTe 2 flakes". United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1583/aa5921. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1463108.
@article{osti_1463108,
title = {Large-area synthesis of high-quality monolayer 1T’-WTe 2 flakes},
author = {Naylor, Carl H. and Parkin, William M. and Gao, Zhaoli and Kang, Hojin and Noyan, Mehmet and Wexler, Robert B. and Tan, Liang Z. and Kim, Youngkuk and Kehayias, Christopher E. and Streller, Frank and Zhou, Yu Ren and Carpick, Robert and Luo, Zhengtang and Park, Yung Woo and Rappe, Andrew M. and Drndić, Marija and Kikkawa, James M. and Johnson, A. T. Charlie},
abstractNote = {Large-area growth of monolayer films of the transition metal dichalcogenides is of the utmost importance in this rapidly advancing research area. The mechanical exfoliation method offers high quality monolayer material but it is a problematic approach when applied to materials that are not air stable. One important example is 1T’-WTe2, which in multilayer form is reported to possess a large non saturating magnetoresistance, pressure induced superconductivity, and a weak antilocalization effect, but electrical data for the monolayer is yet to be reported due to its rapid degradation in air. Here we report a reliable and reproducible large-area growth process for obtaining many monolayer 1T’-WTe2 flakes. We confirmed the composition and structure of monolayer 1T’-WTe2 flakes using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and aberration corrected transmission electron microscopy. We studied the time dependent degradation of monolayer 1T’-WTe2 under ambient conditions, and we used first-principles calculations to identify reaction with oxygen as the degradation mechanism. Finally we investigated the electrical properties of monolayer 1T’-WTe2 and found metallic conduction at low temperature along with a weak antilocalization effect that is evidence for strong spin–orbit coupling.},
doi = {10.1088/2053-1583/aa5921},
journal = {2D Materials},
number = 2,
volume = 4,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Feb 01 00:00:00 EST 2017},
month = {Wed Feb 01 00:00:00 EST 2017}
}
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Figures / Tables:
Figure 1: 1T’-WTe2 growth. (a) Ball and stick diagrams for the 1H, 1T and 1T’ phases of WTe2. (b) Schematic of the growth process. (c) Optical micrograph of 1T’-WTe2 flakes grown by the evaporation method. Monolayer 1T’-WTe2 material appears as light gray ‘webs’ on the growth substrate. Darker multilayer regionsmore »
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