Process-Induced Fiber Orientation in Fused Filament Fabrication
Abstract
As the applications for additive manufacturing have continued to grow, so too has the range of available materials, with more functional or better performing materials constantly under development. This work characterizes a copper-filled polyamide 6 (PA6) thermoplastic composite designed to enhance the thermal conductivity of fused filament fabrication (FFF) parts, especially for heat transfer applications. The composite was mixed and extruded into filament using twin screw extrusion. Because the fiber orientation within the material governs the thermal conductivity of the material, the orientation was measured in the filament, through the nozzle, and in printed parts using micro-computed tomography. The thermal conductivity of the material was measured and achieved 4.95, 2.38, and 0.75 W/(m·K) at 70 °C in the inflow, crossflow, and thickness directions, respectively. The implications of this anisotropy are discussed using the example of an air-to-water crossflow heat exchanger. In conclusion, the lower conductivity in the crossflow direction reduces thermal performance due to the orientation in thin-walled parts.
- Authors:
-
[1];
- Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI (United States)
- AREVO, Inc., Santa Clara, CA (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy (ARPA-E)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1462765
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1462961
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AR0000573
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Composites Science
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 2; Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 2504-477X
- Publisher:
- MDPI
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; thermal conductivity; fiber orientation; composite; filler; heat exchanger; copper
Citation Formats
Mulholland, Tom, Goris, Sebastian, Boxleitner, Jake, Osswald, Tim A., and Rudolph, Natalie. Process-Induced Fiber Orientation in Fused Filament Fabrication. United States: N. p., 2018.
Web. doi:10.3390/jcs2030045.
Mulholland, Tom, Goris, Sebastian, Boxleitner, Jake, Osswald, Tim A., & Rudolph, Natalie. Process-Induced Fiber Orientation in Fused Filament Fabrication. United States. doi:10.3390/jcs2030045.
Mulholland, Tom, Goris, Sebastian, Boxleitner, Jake, Osswald, Tim A., and Rudolph, Natalie. Thu .
"Process-Induced Fiber Orientation in Fused Filament Fabrication". United States. doi:10.3390/jcs2030045.
@article{osti_1462765,
title = {Process-Induced Fiber Orientation in Fused Filament Fabrication},
author = {Mulholland, Tom and Goris, Sebastian and Boxleitner, Jake and Osswald, Tim A. and Rudolph, Natalie},
abstractNote = {As the applications for additive manufacturing have continued to grow, so too has the range of available materials, with more functional or better performing materials constantly under development. This work characterizes a copper-filled polyamide 6 (PA6) thermoplastic composite designed to enhance the thermal conductivity of fused filament fabrication (FFF) parts, especially for heat transfer applications. The composite was mixed and extruded into filament using twin screw extrusion. Because the fiber orientation within the material governs the thermal conductivity of the material, the orientation was measured in the filament, through the nozzle, and in printed parts using micro-computed tomography. The thermal conductivity of the material was measured and achieved 4.95, 2.38, and 0.75 W/(m·K) at 70 °C in the inflow, crossflow, and thickness directions, respectively. The implications of this anisotropy are discussed using the example of an air-to-water crossflow heat exchanger. In conclusion, the lower conductivity in the crossflow direction reduces thermal performance due to the orientation in thin-walled parts.},
doi = {10.3390/jcs2030045},
journal = {Journal of Composites Science},
number = 3,
volume = 2,
place = {United States},
year = {2018},
month = {8}
}
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
DOI: 10.3390/jcs2030045
DOI: 10.3390/jcs2030045
Other availability
Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.
Works referenced in this record:
The Use of Tensors to Describe and Predict Fiber Orientation in Short Fiber Composites
journal, November 1987
- Advani, Suresh G.; Tucker, Charles L.
- Journal of Rheology, Vol. 31, Issue 8
Determination of the fibre orientation in composites using the structure tensor and local X-ray transform
journal, February 2010
- Krause, M.; Hausherr, J. M.; Burgeth, B.
- Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 45, Issue 4
The Motion of Ellipsoidal Particles Immersed in a Viscous Fluid
journal, November 1922
- Jeffery, G. B.
- Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 102, Issue 715
A Metallographic Review of 3D Printing/Additive Manufacturing of Metal and Alloy Products and Components
journal, March 2018
- Murr, L. E.
- Metallography, Microstructure, and Analysis, Vol. 7, Issue 2
Measurement and quantitative analysis of fiber orientation distribution in long fiber reinforced part by injection molding
journal, April 2015
- Sun, Xianjun; Lasecki, John; Zeng, Danielle
- Polymer Testing, Vol. 42
A review on polymer heat exchangers for HVAC&R applications
journal, August 2009
- T'Joen, C.; Park, Y.; Wang, Q.
- International Journal of Refrigeration, Vol. 32, Issue 5
Unambiguous orientation in short fiber composites over small sampling area in a center-gated disk
journal, January 2012
- Vélez-García, Gregorio M.; Wapperom, Peter; Baird, Donald G.
- Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, Vol. 43, Issue 1
Thermal conductivity of polymer filled with carbon materials: Effect of conductive particle chains on thermal conductivity
journal, May 1985
- Agari, Y.; Uno, T.
- Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 30, Issue 5
Prediction of fiber orientation distribution in injection molded parts using Moldex3D simulation
journal, October 2013
- Foss, Peter H.; Tseng, Huan-Chang; Snawerdt, John
- Polymer Composites, Vol. 35, Issue 4
Analysis of fibre orientation distribution in short fibre reinforced polymers: A comparison between optical and tomographic methods
journal, November 2012
- Bernasconi, A.; Cosmi, F.; Hine, P. J.
- Composites Science and Technology, Vol. 72, Issue 16
Orientation Behavior of Fibers in Concentrated Suspensions
journal, April 1984
- Folgar, Fransisco; Tucker, Charles L.
- Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, Vol. 3, Issue 2
Method to measure orientation of discontinuous fiber embedded in the polymer matrix from computerized tomography scan data
journal, May 2015
- Gandhi, Umesh; Sebastian, De Boodt; Kunc, Vlastimil
- Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 12
Thermo-mechanical properties of a highly filled polymeric composites for Fused Deposition Modeling
journal, June 2011
- Nikzad, M.; Masood, S. H.; Sbarski, I.
- Materials & Design, Vol. 32, Issue 6