Observation of Fine Time Structures in the Cosmic Proton and Helium Fluxes with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station
Abstract
We present the precision measurement from May 2011 to May 2017 (79 Bartels rotations) of the proton fluxes at rigidities from 1 to 60 GV and the helium fluxes from 1.9 to 60 GV based on a total of 1 × 10 9 events collected with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer aboard the International Space Station. This measurement is in solar cycle 24, which has the solar maximum in April 2014. We observed that, below 40 GV, the proton flux and the helium flux show nearly identical fine structures in both time and relative amplitude. The amplitudes of the flux structures decrease with increasing rigidity and vanish above 40 GV. The amplitudes of the structures are reduced during the time period, which started one year after solar maximum, when the proton and helium fluxes steadily increase. Above ~ 3 GV the $$p$$/He flux ratio is time independent. We observed that below ~ 3 GV the ratio has a long-term decrease coinciding with the period during which the fluxes start to rise.
- Authors:
- more »
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC)
- Contributing Org.:
- AMS Collaboration
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1462300
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1544240
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-06CH11357; 2014/19149-7; 2015/50378-5; 2016/10222-9; 707543-MAtISSE; 40361/01; 40518/03; 258963; 50OO1403; 2013-002-R.0; 2014-037-R.0; NRF-2009-0080142; NRF-2012-010226; NRF-2013-004883; PTDC/FIS/122567/2010; ESP2015-71662-C2-(1-P/2-P); SEV-2015-0548; MDM-2015-0509; RyC-2013-14660; 103-2112-M-006-018-MY3; 105-2112-M-001-003; CDA-105-M06; 2017TEAK(CERN)A5.H6.F2-15; 14255202; 1551980; AC02-05CH11231; JARA0052; HELIO15F-0005; 2014/T72497
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- Physical Review Letters
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Physical Review Letters Journal Volume: 121 Journal Issue: 5; Journal ID: ISSN 0031-9007
- Publisher:
- American Physical Society
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
Citation Formats
Aguilar, M., Ali Cavasonza, L., Alpat, B., Ambrosi, G., Arruda, L., Attig, N., Aupetit, S., Azzarello, P., Bachlechner, A., Barao, F., Barrau, A., Barrin, L., Bartoloni, A., Basara, L., Başeğmez-du Pree, S., Battarbee, M., Battiston, R., Becker, U., Behlmann, M., Beischer, B., Berdugo, J., Bertucci, B., Bindel, K. F., Bindi, V., de Boer, W., Bollweg, K., Bonnivard, V., Borgia, B., Boschini, M. J., Bourquin, M., Bueno, E. F., Burger, J., Cadoux, F., Cai, X. D., Capell, M., Caroff, S., Casaus, J., Castellini, G., Cervelli, F., Chae, M. J., Chang, Y. H., Chen, A. I., Chen, G. M., Chen, H. S., Chen, Y., Cheng, L., Chou, H. Y., Choumilov, E., Choutko, V., Chung, C. H., Clark, C., Clavero, R., Coignet, G., Consolandi, C., Contin, A., Corti, C., Creus, W., Crispoltoni, M., Cui, Z., Dadzie, K., Dai, Y. M., Datta, A., Delgado, C., Della Torre, S., Demirköz, M. B., Derome, L., Di Falco, S., Dimiccoli, F., Díaz, C., von Doetinchem, P., Dong, F., Donnini, F., Duranti, M., D’Urso, D., Egorov, A., Eline, A., Eronen, T., Feng, J., Fiandrini, E., Fisher, P., Formato, V., Galaktionov, Y., Gallucci, G., García-López, R. J., Gargiulo, C., Gast, H., Gebauer, I., Gervasi, M., Ghelfi, A., Giovacchini, F., Gómez-Coral, D. M., Gong, J., Goy, C., Grabski, V., Grandi, D., Graziani, M., Guo, K. H., Haino, S., Han, K. C., He, Z. H., Heil, M., Hoffman, J., Hsieh, T. H., Huang, H., Huang, Z. C., Huh, C., Incagli, M., Ionica, M., Jang, W. Y., Jia, Yi, Jinchi, H., Kang, S. C., Kanishev, K., Khiali, B., Kim, G. N., Kim, K. S., Kirn, Th., Konak, C., Kounina, O., Kounine, A., Koutsenko, V., Kulemzin, A., La Vacca, G., Laudi, E., Laurenti, G., Lazzizzera, I., Lebedev, A., Lee, H. T., Lee, S. C., Leluc, C., Li, H. S., Li, J. Q., Li, Q., Li, T. X., Li, Z. H., Li, Z. Y., Light, C., Lim, S., Lin, C. H., Lipari, P., Lippert, T., Liu, D., Liu, Hu, Lordello, V. D., Lu, S. Q., Lu, Y. S., Luebelsmeyer, K., Luo, F., Luo, J. Z., Luo, X., Lyu, S. S., Machate, F., Mañá, C., Marín, J., Martin, T., Martínez, G., Masi, N., Maurin, D., Menchaca-Rocha, A., Meng, Q., Mikuni, V. M., Mo, D. C., Mott, P., Nelson, T., Ni, J. Q., Nikonov, N., Nozzoli, F., Oliva, A., Orcinha, M., Palermo, M., Palmonari, F., Palomares, C., Paniccia, M., Pauluzzi, M., Pensotti, S., Perrina, C., Phan, H. D., Picot-Clemente, N., Pilo, F., Pizzolotto, C., Plyaskin, V., Pohl, M., Poireau, V., Popkow, A., Quadrani, L., Qi, X. M., Qin, X., Qu, Z. Y., Räihä, T., Rancoita, P. G., Rapin, D., Ricol, J. S., Rosier-Lees, S., Rozhkov, A., Rozza, D., Sagdeev, R., Schael, S., Schmidt, S. M., Schulz von Dratzig, A., Schwering, G., Seo, E. S., Shan, B. S., Shi, J. Y., Siedenburg, T., Son, D., Song, J. W., Tacconi, M., Tang, X. W., Tang, Z. C., Tescaro, D., Ting, Samuel C. C., Ting, S. M., Tomassetti, N., Torsti, J., Türkoğlu, C., Urban, T., Vagelli, V., Valente, E., Valtonen, E., Vázquez Acosta, M., Vecchi, M., Velasco, M., Vialle, J. P., Wang, L. Q., Wang, N. H., Wang, Q. L., Wang, X., Wang, X. Q., Wang, Z. X., Wei, C. C., Weng, Z. L., Whitman, K., Wu, H., Wu, X., Xiong, R. Q., Xu, W., Yan, Q., Yang, J., Yang, M., Yang, Y., Yi, H., Yu, Y. J., Yu, Z. Q., Zannoni, M., Zeissler, S., Zhang, C., Zhang, F., Zhang, J., Zhang, J. H., Zhang, S. W., Zhang, Z., Zheng, Z. M., Zhuang, H. L., Zhukov, V., Zichichi, A., Zimmermann, N., Zuccon, P., and AMS Collaboration. Observation of Fine Time Structures in the Cosmic Proton and Helium Fluxes with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station. United States: N. p., 2018.
Web. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.051101.
Aguilar, M., Ali Cavasonza, L., Alpat, B., Ambrosi, G., Arruda, L., Attig, N., Aupetit, S., Azzarello, P., Bachlechner, A., Barao, F., Barrau, A., Barrin, L., Bartoloni, A., Basara, L., Başeğmez-du Pree, S., Battarbee, M., Battiston, R., Becker, U., Behlmann, M., Beischer, B., Berdugo, J., Bertucci, B., Bindel, K. F., Bindi, V., de Boer, W., Bollweg, K., Bonnivard, V., Borgia, B., Boschini, M. J., Bourquin, M., Bueno, E. F., Burger, J., Cadoux, F., Cai, X. D., Capell, M., Caroff, S., Casaus, J., Castellini, G., Cervelli, F., Chae, M. J., Chang, Y. H., Chen, A. I., Chen, G. M., Chen, H. S., Chen, Y., Cheng, L., Chou, H. Y., Choumilov, E., Choutko, V., Chung, C. H., Clark, C., Clavero, R., Coignet, G., Consolandi, C., Contin, A., Corti, C., Creus, W., Crispoltoni, M., Cui, Z., Dadzie, K., Dai, Y. M., Datta, A., Delgado, C., Della Torre, S., Demirköz, M. B., Derome, L., Di Falco, S., Dimiccoli, F., Díaz, C., von Doetinchem, P., Dong, F., Donnini, F., Duranti, M., D’Urso, D., Egorov, A., Eline, A., Eronen, T., Feng, J., Fiandrini, E., Fisher, P., Formato, V., Galaktionov, Y., Gallucci, G., García-López, R. J., Gargiulo, C., Gast, H., Gebauer, I., Gervasi, M., Ghelfi, A., Giovacchini, F., Gómez-Coral, D. M., Gong, J., Goy, C., Grabski, V., Grandi, D., Graziani, M., Guo, K. H., Haino, S., Han, K. C., He, Z. H., Heil, M., Hoffman, J., Hsieh, T. H., Huang, H., Huang, Z. C., Huh, C., Incagli, M., Ionica, M., Jang, W. Y., Jia, Yi, Jinchi, H., Kang, S. C., Kanishev, K., Khiali, B., Kim, G. N., Kim, K. S., Kirn, Th., Konak, C., Kounina, O., Kounine, A., Koutsenko, V., Kulemzin, A., La Vacca, G., Laudi, E., Laurenti, G., Lazzizzera, I., Lebedev, A., Lee, H. T., Lee, S. C., Leluc, C., Li, H. S., Li, J. Q., Li, Q., Li, T. X., Li, Z. H., Li, Z. Y., Light, C., Lim, S., Lin, C. H., Lipari, P., Lippert, T., Liu, D., Liu, Hu, Lordello, V. D., Lu, S. Q., Lu, Y. S., Luebelsmeyer, K., Luo, F., Luo, J. Z., Luo, X., Lyu, S. S., Machate, F., Mañá, C., Marín, J., Martin, T., Martínez, G., Masi, N., Maurin, D., Menchaca-Rocha, A., Meng, Q., Mikuni, V. M., Mo, D. C., Mott, P., Nelson, T., Ni, J. Q., Nikonov, N., Nozzoli, F., Oliva, A., Orcinha, M., Palermo, M., Palmonari, F., Palomares, C., Paniccia, M., Pauluzzi, M., Pensotti, S., Perrina, C., Phan, H. D., Picot-Clemente, N., Pilo, F., Pizzolotto, C., Plyaskin, V., Pohl, M., Poireau, V., Popkow, A., Quadrani, L., Qi, X. M., Qin, X., Qu, Z. Y., Räihä, T., Rancoita, P. G., Rapin, D., Ricol, J. S., Rosier-Lees, S., Rozhkov, A., Rozza, D., Sagdeev, R., Schael, S., Schmidt, S. M., Schulz von Dratzig, A., Schwering, G., Seo, E. S., Shan, B. S., Shi, J. Y., Siedenburg, T., Son, D., Song, J. W., Tacconi, M., Tang, X. W., Tang, Z. C., Tescaro, D., Ting, Samuel C. C., Ting, S. M., Tomassetti, N., Torsti, J., Türkoğlu, C., Urban, T., Vagelli, V., Valente, E., Valtonen, E., Vázquez Acosta, M., Vecchi, M., Velasco, M., Vialle, J. P., Wang, L. Q., Wang, N. H., Wang, Q. L., Wang, X., Wang, X. Q., Wang, Z. X., Wei, C. C., Weng, Z. L., Whitman, K., Wu, H., Wu, X., Xiong, R. Q., Xu, W., Yan, Q., Yang, J., Yang, M., Yang, Y., Yi, H., Yu, Y. J., Yu, Z. Q., Zannoni, M., Zeissler, S., Zhang, C., Zhang, F., Zhang, J., Zhang, J. H., Zhang, S. W., Zhang, Z., Zheng, Z. M., Zhuang, H. L., Zhukov, V., Zichichi, A., Zimmermann, N., Zuccon, P., & AMS Collaboration. Observation of Fine Time Structures in the Cosmic Proton and Helium Fluxes with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station. United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.051101
Aguilar, M., Ali Cavasonza, L., Alpat, B., Ambrosi, G., Arruda, L., Attig, N., Aupetit, S., Azzarello, P., Bachlechner, A., Barao, F., Barrau, A., Barrin, L., Bartoloni, A., Basara, L., Başeğmez-du Pree, S., Battarbee, M., Battiston, R., Becker, U., Behlmann, M., Beischer, B., Berdugo, J., Bertucci, B., Bindel, K. F., Bindi, V., de Boer, W., Bollweg, K., Bonnivard, V., Borgia, B., Boschini, M. J., Bourquin, M., Bueno, E. F., Burger, J., Cadoux, F., Cai, X. D., Capell, M., Caroff, S., Casaus, J., Castellini, G., Cervelli, F., Chae, M. J., Chang, Y. H., Chen, A. I., Chen, G. M., Chen, H. S., Chen, Y., Cheng, L., Chou, H. Y., Choumilov, E., Choutko, V., Chung, C. H., Clark, C., Clavero, R., Coignet, G., Consolandi, C., Contin, A., Corti, C., Creus, W., Crispoltoni, M., Cui, Z., Dadzie, K., Dai, Y. M., Datta, A., Delgado, C., Della Torre, S., Demirköz, M. B., Derome, L., Di Falco, S., Dimiccoli, F., Díaz, C., von Doetinchem, P., Dong, F., Donnini, F., Duranti, M., D’Urso, D., Egorov, A., Eline, A., Eronen, T., Feng, J., Fiandrini, E., Fisher, P., Formato, V., Galaktionov, Y., Gallucci, G., García-López, R. J., Gargiulo, C., Gast, H., Gebauer, I., Gervasi, M., Ghelfi, A., Giovacchini, F., Gómez-Coral, D. M., Gong, J., Goy, C., Grabski, V., Grandi, D., Graziani, M., Guo, K. H., Haino, S., Han, K. C., He, Z. H., Heil, M., Hoffman, J., Hsieh, T. H., Huang, H., Huang, Z. C., Huh, C., Incagli, M., Ionica, M., Jang, W. Y., Jia, Yi, Jinchi, H., Kang, S. C., Kanishev, K., Khiali, B., Kim, G. N., Kim, K. S., Kirn, Th., Konak, C., Kounina, O., Kounine, A., Koutsenko, V., Kulemzin, A., La Vacca, G., Laudi, E., Laurenti, G., Lazzizzera, I., Lebedev, A., Lee, H. T., Lee, S. C., Leluc, C., Li, H. S., Li, J. Q., Li, Q., Li, T. X., Li, Z. H., Li, Z. Y., Light, C., Lim, S., Lin, C. H., Lipari, P., Lippert, T., Liu, D., Liu, Hu, Lordello, V. D., Lu, S. Q., Lu, Y. S., Luebelsmeyer, K., Luo, F., Luo, J. Z., Luo, X., Lyu, S. S., Machate, F., Mañá, C., Marín, J., Martin, T., Martínez, G., Masi, N., Maurin, D., Menchaca-Rocha, A., Meng, Q., Mikuni, V. M., Mo, D. C., Mott, P., Nelson, T., Ni, J. Q., Nikonov, N., Nozzoli, F., Oliva, A., Orcinha, M., Palermo, M., Palmonari, F., Palomares, C., Paniccia, M., Pauluzzi, M., Pensotti, S., Perrina, C., Phan, H. D., Picot-Clemente, N., Pilo, F., Pizzolotto, C., Plyaskin, V., Pohl, M., Poireau, V., Popkow, A., Quadrani, L., Qi, X. M., Qin, X., Qu, Z. Y., Räihä, T., Rancoita, P. G., Rapin, D., Ricol, J. S., Rosier-Lees, S., Rozhkov, A., Rozza, D., Sagdeev, R., Schael, S., Schmidt, S. M., Schulz von Dratzig, A., Schwering, G., Seo, E. S., Shan, B. S., Shi, J. Y., Siedenburg, T., Son, D., Song, J. W., Tacconi, M., Tang, X. W., Tang, Z. C., Tescaro, D., Ting, Samuel C. C., Ting, S. M., Tomassetti, N., Torsti, J., Türkoğlu, C., Urban, T., Vagelli, V., Valente, E., Valtonen, E., Vázquez Acosta, M., Vecchi, M., Velasco, M., Vialle, J. P., Wang, L. Q., Wang, N. H., Wang, Q. L., Wang, X., Wang, X. Q., Wang, Z. X., Wei, C. C., Weng, Z. L., Whitman, K., Wu, H., Wu, X., Xiong, R. Q., Xu, W., Yan, Q., Yang, J., Yang, M., Yang, Y., Yi, H., Yu, Y. J., Yu, Z. Q., Zannoni, M., Zeissler, S., Zhang, C., Zhang, F., Zhang, J., Zhang, J. H., Zhang, S. W., Zhang, Z., Zheng, Z. M., Zhuang, H. L., Zhukov, V., Zichichi, A., Zimmermann, N., Zuccon, P., and AMS Collaboration. Tue .
"Observation of Fine Time Structures in the Cosmic Proton and Helium Fluxes with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station". United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.051101.
@article{osti_1462300,
title = {Observation of Fine Time Structures in the Cosmic Proton and Helium Fluxes with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station},
author = {Aguilar, M. and Ali Cavasonza, L. and Alpat, B. and Ambrosi, G. and Arruda, L. and Attig, N. and Aupetit, S. and Azzarello, P. and Bachlechner, A. and Barao, F. and Barrau, A. and Barrin, L. and Bartoloni, A. and Basara, L. and Başeğmez-du Pree, S. and Battarbee, M. and Battiston, R. and Becker, U. and Behlmann, M. and Beischer, B. and Berdugo, J. and Bertucci, B. and Bindel, K. F. and Bindi, V. and de Boer, W. and Bollweg, K. and Bonnivard, V. and Borgia, B. and Boschini, M. J. and Bourquin, M. and Bueno, E. F. and Burger, J. and Cadoux, F. and Cai, X. D. and Capell, M. and Caroff, S. and Casaus, J. and Castellini, G. and Cervelli, F. and Chae, M. J. and Chang, Y. H. and Chen, A. I. and Chen, G. M. and Chen, H. S. and Chen, Y. and Cheng, L. and Chou, H. Y. and Choumilov, E. and Choutko, V. and Chung, C. H. and Clark, C. and Clavero, R. and Coignet, G. and Consolandi, C. and Contin, A. and Corti, C. and Creus, W. and Crispoltoni, M. and Cui, Z. and Dadzie, K. and Dai, Y. M. and Datta, A. and Delgado, C. and Della Torre, S. and Demirköz, M. B. and Derome, L. and Di Falco, S. and Dimiccoli, F. and Díaz, C. and von Doetinchem, P. and Dong, F. and Donnini, F. and Duranti, M. and D’Urso, D. and Egorov, A. and Eline, A. and Eronen, T. and Feng, J. and Fiandrini, E. and Fisher, P. and Formato, V. and Galaktionov, Y. and Gallucci, G. and García-López, R. J. and Gargiulo, C. and Gast, H. and Gebauer, I. and Gervasi, M. and Ghelfi, A. and Giovacchini, F. and Gómez-Coral, D. M. and Gong, J. and Goy, C. and Grabski, V. and Grandi, D. and Graziani, M. and Guo, K. H. and Haino, S. and Han, K. C. and He, Z. H. and Heil, M. and Hoffman, J. and Hsieh, T. H. and Huang, H. and Huang, Z. C. and Huh, C. and Incagli, M. and Ionica, M. and Jang, W. Y. and Jia, Yi and Jinchi, H. and Kang, S. C. and Kanishev, K. and Khiali, B. and Kim, G. N. and Kim, K. S. and Kirn, Th. and Konak, C. and Kounina, O. and Kounine, A. and Koutsenko, V. and Kulemzin, A. and La Vacca, G. and Laudi, E. and Laurenti, G. and Lazzizzera, I. and Lebedev, A. and Lee, H. T. and Lee, S. C. and Leluc, C. and Li, H. S. and Li, J. Q. and Li, Q. and Li, T. X. and Li, Z. H. and Li, Z. Y. and Light, C. and Lim, S. and Lin, C. H. and Lipari, P. and Lippert, T. and Liu, D. and Liu, Hu and Lordello, V. D. and Lu, S. Q. and Lu, Y. S. and Luebelsmeyer, K. and Luo, F. and Luo, J. Z. and Luo, X. and Lyu, S. S. and Machate, F. and Mañá, C. and Marín, J. and Martin, T. and Martínez, G. and Masi, N. and Maurin, D. and Menchaca-Rocha, A. and Meng, Q. and Mikuni, V. M. and Mo, D. C. and Mott, P. and Nelson, T. and Ni, J. Q. and Nikonov, N. and Nozzoli, F. and Oliva, A. and Orcinha, M. and Palermo, M. and Palmonari, F. and Palomares, C. and Paniccia, M. and Pauluzzi, M. and Pensotti, S. and Perrina, C. and Phan, H. D. and Picot-Clemente, N. and Pilo, F. and Pizzolotto, C. and Plyaskin, V. and Pohl, M. and Poireau, V. and Popkow, A. and Quadrani, L. and Qi, X. M. and Qin, X. and Qu, Z. Y. and Räihä, T. and Rancoita, P. G. and Rapin, D. and Ricol, J. S. and Rosier-Lees, S. and Rozhkov, A. and Rozza, D. and Sagdeev, R. and Schael, S. and Schmidt, S. M. and Schulz von Dratzig, A. and Schwering, G. and Seo, E. S. and Shan, B. S. and Shi, J. Y. and Siedenburg, T. and Son, D. and Song, J. W. and Tacconi, M. and Tang, X. W. and Tang, Z. C. and Tescaro, D. and Ting, Samuel C. C. and Ting, S. M. and Tomassetti, N. and Torsti, J. and Türkoğlu, C. and Urban, T. and Vagelli, V. and Valente, E. and Valtonen, E. and Vázquez Acosta, M. and Vecchi, M. and Velasco, M. and Vialle, J. P. and Wang, L. Q. and Wang, N. H. and Wang, Q. L. and Wang, X. and Wang, X. Q. and Wang, Z. X. and Wei, C. C. and Weng, Z. L. and Whitman, K. and Wu, H. and Wu, X. and Xiong, R. Q. and Xu, W. and Yan, Q. and Yang, J. and Yang, M. and Yang, Y. and Yi, H. and Yu, Y. J. and Yu, Z. Q. and Zannoni, M. and Zeissler, S. and Zhang, C. and Zhang, F. and Zhang, J. and Zhang, J. H. and Zhang, S. W. and Zhang, Z. and Zheng, Z. M. and Zhuang, H. L. and Zhukov, V. and Zichichi, A. and Zimmermann, N. and Zuccon, P. and AMS Collaboration},
abstractNote = {We present the precision measurement from May 2011 to May 2017 (79 Bartels rotations) of the proton fluxes at rigidities from 1 to 60 GV and the helium fluxes from 1.9 to 60 GV based on a total of 1 × 10 9 events collected with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer aboard the International Space Station. This measurement is in solar cycle 24, which has the solar maximum in April 2014. We observed that, below 40 GV, the proton flux and the helium flux show nearly identical fine structures in both time and relative amplitude. The amplitudes of the flux structures decrease with increasing rigidity and vanish above 40 GV. The amplitudes of the structures are reduced during the time period, which started one year after solar maximum, when the proton and helium fluxes steadily increase. Above ~ 3 GV the $p$/He flux ratio is time independent. We observed that below ~ 3 GV the ratio has a long-term decrease coinciding with the period during which the fluxes start to rise.},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.051101},
journal = {Physical Review Letters},
number = 5,
volume = 121,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Jul 31 00:00:00 EDT 2018},
month = {Tue Jul 31 00:00:00 EDT 2018}
}
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.051101
Web of Science
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