Discovery and Dynamical Analysis of an Extreme Trans-Neptunian Object with a High Orbital Inclination

Becker, J. C.; Khain, T.; Hamilton, S. J.; Adams, F. C.; Gerdes, D. W.; Zullo, L.; Franson, K.; Millholland, S.; Bernstein, G. M.; Sako, M.; Bernardinelli, P.; Napier, K.; Markwardt, L.; Lin, Hsing Wen; Wester, W.; Abdalla, F. B.; Allam, S.; Annis, J.; Avila, S.; Bertin, E.; Brooks, D.; Rosell, A. Carnero; Kind, M. Carrasco; Carretero, J.; Cunha, C. E.; D’Andrea, C. B.; Costa, L. N.  da; Davis, C.; Vicente, J. De; Diehl, H. T.; Doel, P.; Eifler, T. F.; Flaugher, B.; Fosalba, P.; Frieman, J.; García-Bellido, J.; Gaztanaga, E.; Gruen, D.; Gruendl, R. A.; Gschwend, J.; Gutierrez, G.; Hartley, W. G.; Hollowood, D. L.; Honscheid, K.; James, D. J.; Kuehn, K.; Kuropatkin, N.; Maia, M. A.  G.; March, M.; Marshall, J. L.; Menanteau, F.; Miquel, R.; Ogando, R. L.  C.; Plazas, A. A.; Sanchez, E.; Scarpine, V.; Schindler, R.; Sevilla-Noarbe, I.; Smith, M.; Smith, R. C.; Soares-Santos, M.; Sobreira, F.; Suchyta, E.; Swanson, M. E.  C.; Walker, A. R.

doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aad042

Title: Discovery and Dynamical Analysis of an Extreme Trans-Neptunian Object with a High Orbital Inclination

Journal Article · 03 August 2018 · The Astronomical Journal (Online)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/aad042 · OSTI ID:1462215

;

; Zullo, L.; Franson, K.;

; Bernstein, G. M.; Sako, M.; Bernardinelli, P.; Napier, K.; Markwardt, L.;

; Wester, W.; Abdalla, F. B.; Allam, S.;

; Avila, S.; Bertin, E. more »

We report the discovery and dynamical analysis of 2015 BP$$_{519}$$, an extreme Trans-Neptunian Object detected detected by the Dark Energy Survey at a heliocentric distance of 55 AU and absolute magnitude Hr= 4.3. The current orbit, determined from a 1110-day observational arc, has semi-major axis $$a\approx$$ 450 AU, eccentricity $$e\approx$$ 0.92 and inclination $$i\approx$$ 54 degrees. With these orbital elements, 2015 BP$$_{519}$$ is the most extreme TNO discovered to date, as quantified by the reduced Kozai action, which is is a conserved quantity at fixed semi-major axis $$a$$ for axisymmetric perturbations. We discuss the orbital stability and evolution of this object in the context of the known Solar System, and find that 2015 BP$$_{519}$$ displays rich dynamical behavior, including rapid diffusion in semi-major axis and more constrained variations in eccentricity and inclination. We also consider the long term orbital stability and evolutionary behavior within the context of the Planet Nine Hypothesis, and find that BP$$_{519}$$ adds to the circumstantial evidence for the existence of this proposed new member of the Solar System, as it would represent the first member of the population of high-i, $$\varpi$$-shepherded TNOs.

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Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP) (SC-25)

Contributing Organization:: DES Collaboration

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-07CH11359

OSTI ID:: 1462215

Report Number(s):: arXiv:1805.05355; FERMILAB--PUB-18-135-AE; 1674863

Journal Information:: The Astronomical Journal (Online), Journal Name: The Astronomical Journal (Online) Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 156; ISSN 1538-3881

Publisher:: IOP Publishing - AAASCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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A Dwarf Planet Class Object in the 21:5 Resonance with Neptune Holman, Matthew J.; Payne, Matthew J.; Fraser, Wesley The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 855, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aaadb3	journal	February 2018
Origin of the Structure of the Kuiper Belt during a Dynamical Instability in the Orbits of Uranus and Neptune Levison, Harold F.; Morbidelli, Alessandro; Van Laerhoven, Christa arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0712.0553	text	January 2007
Reassessing the formation of the inner Oort cloud in an embedded star cluster Brasser, R.; Duncan, M. J.; Levison, H. F. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1110.5114	text	January 2011
Supernova Simulations and Strategies For the Dark Energy Survey Bernstein, J. P.; Kessler, R.; Kuhlmann, S. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1111.1969	text	January 2011
Discovery of a New Member of the Inner Oort Cloud from The Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey Chen, Ying-Tung; Kavelaars, J. J.; Gwyn, Stephen arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1308.6041	text	January 2013
De-biased Populations of Kuiper Belt Objects from the Deep Ecliptic Survey Adams, E. R.; Gulbis, A. A. S.; Elliot, J. L. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1311.3250	text	January 2013
The Absolute Magnitude Distribution of Kuiper Belt Objects Fraser, Wesley C.; Brown, Michael E.; Morbidelli, Alessandro arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1401.2157	text	January 2014
Automated Transient Identification in the Dark Energy Survey Goldstein, D. A.; D'Andrea, C. B.; Fischer, J. A. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1504.02936	text	January 2015
A new inclination instability reshapes Keplerian disks into cones: application to the outer Solar System Madigan, Ann-Marie; McCourt, Michael arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1509.08920	text	January 2015
The Outer Solar System Origins Survey: I. Design and First-Quarter Discoveries Bannister, Michele T.; Kavelaars, J. J.; Petit, Jean-Marc arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1511.02895	text	January 2015
The Dark Energy Survey: more than dark energy - an overview Collaboration, Dark Energy Survey; Abbott, T.; Abdalla, F. B. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1601.00329	text	January 2016
Interaction Cross Sections and Survival Rates for Proposed Solar System Member Planet Nine Li, Gongjie; Adams, Fred C. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1602.08496	text	January 2016
Is there an exoplanet in the Solar System? Mustill, Alexander J.; Raymond, Sean N.; Davies, Melvyn B. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1603.07247	text	January 2016
Making Planet Nine: Pebble Accretion at 250--750 AU in a Gravitationally Unstable Ring Kenyon, Scott J.; Bromley, Benjamin C. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1603.08008	text	January 2016
Making Planet Nine: A Scattered Giant in the Outer Solar System Bromley, Benjamin C.; Kenyon, Scott J. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1603.08010	text	January 2016
Observational Constraints on Planet Nine: Astrometry of Pluto and Other Trans-Neptunian Objects Holman, Matthew J.; Payne, Matthew J. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1603.09008	text	January 2016
Observational Constraints on Planet Nine: Cassini Range Observations Holman, Matthew J.; Payne, Matthew J. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1604.03180	text	January 2016
Solar Obliquity Induced by Planet Nine Bailey, Elizabeth; Batygin, Konstantin; Brown, Michael E. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1607.03963	text	January 2016
New Extreme Trans-Neptunian Objects: Towards a Super-Earth in the Outer Solar System Sheppard, Scott S.; Trujillo, Chad arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1608.08772	text	January 2016
The Pan-STARRS 1 Discoveries of five new Neptune Trojans Lin, Hsing Wen; Chen, Ying-Tung; Holman, Matthew J. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1609.04677	text	January 2016
Consequences of a Distant Massive Planet on the Large Semi-major Axis Trans-Neptunian Objects Shankman, C.; Kavelaars, Jj; Lawler, S. M. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1610.04251	text	January 2016
Generation of Highly Inclined Trans-Neptunian Objects by Planet Nine Batygin, Konstantin; Brown, Michael E. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1610.04992	text	January 2016
Constraints on Planet Nine's Orbit and Sky Position within a Framework of Mean Motion Resonances Millholland, Sarah; Laughlin, Gregory arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1612.07774	text	January 2016
Discovery and Physical Characterization of a Large Scattered Disk Object at 92 AU Gerdes, David; Sako, Masao; Hamilton, Stephanie arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1702.00731	text	January 2017
OSSOS VI. Striking Biases in the detection of large semimajor axis Trans-Neptunian Objects Shankman, Cory; Kavelaars, Jj; Bannister, Michele arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1706.05348	text	January 2017
Evaluating the Dynamical Stability of Outer Solar System Objects in the Presence of Planet Nine Becker, Juliette; Adams, Fred; Khain, Tali arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1706.06609	text	January 2017
Col-OSSOS: z Band Photometry Reveals Three Distinct TNO Surface Types Pike, Rosemary E.; Fraser, Wesley C.; Schwamb, Megan E. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1708.03079	text	January 2017
Was Planet 9 captured in the Sun's natal star-forming region? Parker, Richard J.; Lichtenberg, Tim; Quanz, Sascha P. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1709.00418	text	January 2017
Dynamical Evolution Induced by Planet Nine Batygin, Konstantin; Morbidelli, Alessandro arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1710.01804	text	January 2017
Producing Distant Planets by Mutual Scattering of Planetary Embryos Silsbee, Kedron; Tremaine, Scott arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1712.03961	text	January 2017
Chaotic Dynamics of Trans-Neptunian Objects Perturbed by Planet Nine Hadden, Sam; Li, Gongjie; Payne, Matthew J. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1712.06547	text	January 2017
OSSOS IX: two objects in Neptune's 9:1 resonance -- implications for resonance sticking in the scattering population Volk, Kathryn; Murray-Clay, Ruth A.; Gladman, Brett J. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1802.05805	text	January 2018
The Generation of the Distant Kuiper Belt by Planet Nine from an Initially Broad Perihelion Distribution Khain, Tali; Batygin, Konstantin; Brown, Michael E. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1804.11281	text	January 2018
A Catalog of Young Stellar Groups and Clusters Within 1kpc of the Sun Porras, Alicia; Christopher, Micol; Allen, Lori arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0307510	text	January 2003
Early Evolution of Stellar Groups and Clusters: Environmental Effects on Forming Planetary Systems Adams, Fred C.; Proszkow, Eva M.; Fatuzzo, Marco arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0512330	text	January 2005
Effect of different stellar galactic environments on planetary discs I. The solar neighbourhood and the birth cloud of the sun J., Jiménez-Torres, J.; B., Pichardo,; G., Lake, Wiley-Blackwell https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-54350	text	January 2011

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Two temperate sub-Neptunes transiting the star EPIC 212737443 Herath, Mahesh; Hinse, Tobias C.; Livingston, John H. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 488, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1641	journal	June 2019
A New High Perihelion Trans-Plutonian Inner Oort Cloud Object: 2015 TG387 Sheppard, Scott S.; Trujillo, Chadwick A.; Tholen, David J. The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 157, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ab0895	journal	March 2019
A Pluto–Charon Sonata: Dynamical Limits on the Masses of the Small Satellites Kenyon, Scott J.; Bromley, Benjamin C. The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 158, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ab2890	journal	July 2019
A Fruit of a Different Kind: 2015 BP ₅₁₉ as an Outlier Among the Extreme Trans-neptunian Objects de la Fuente Marcos, Carlos; de la Fuente Marcos, Raúl Research Notes of the AAS, Vol. 2, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.3847/2515-5172/aadfec	journal	July 2018
A Fruit of a Different Kind: 2015 BP519 as an Outlier among the Extreme Trans-Neptunian Objects Marcos, C. de la Fuente; Marcos, R. de la Fuente arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1809.02571	text	January 2018
The fate of planetesimal discs in young open clusters: implications for 1I/’Oumuamua, the Kuiper belt, the Oort cloud, and more Hands, T. O.; Dehnen, W.; Gration, A. Oxford University Press https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-182770	text	January 2019

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