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Title: Discovery and Dynamical Analysis of an Extreme Trans-Neptunian Object with a High Orbital Inclination

Abstract

We report the discovery and dynamical analysis of 2015 BP519, an extreme trans-Neptunian object (TNO) detected by the Dark Energy Survey at a heliocentric distance of 55 au, perihelion of ~36 au, and absolute magnitude H r = 4.3. The current orbit, determined from a 1110 day observational arc, has a semimajor axis a ≈ 450 au, eccentricity e ≈ 0.92, and inclination i ≈ 54°. With these orbital elements, 2015 BP519 is the most extreme TNO discovered to date, as quantified by the reduced Kozai action, $${\eta }_{0}={(1-{e}^{2})}^{1/2}\cos i$$, which is a conserved quantity at fixed semimajor axis a for axisymmetric perturbations. We discuss the orbital stability and evolution of this object and find that, under the influence of the four known giant planets, 2015 BP519 displays rich dynamical behavior, including rapid diffusion in semimajor axis and more constrained variations in eccentricity and inclination. We also consider the long-term orbital stability and evolutionary behavior within the context of the Planet Nine hypothesis and find that 2015 BP519 adds to the circumstantial evidence for the existence of this proposed new member of the solar system, as it would represent the first member of the population of high-i, piv-shepherded TNOs.

Authors:
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Publication Date:
Research Org.:
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR)
Contributing Org.:
DES Collaboration
OSTI Identifier:
1462215
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1468020
Report Number(s):
arXiv:1805.05355; FERMILAB-PUB-18-135-AE
Journal ID: ISSN 1538-3881; 1674863; TRN: US1902121
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-07CH11359; AC05-00OR22725
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
The Astronomical Journal (Online)
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: The Astronomical Journal (Online); Journal Volume: 156; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 1538-3881
Publisher:
IOP Publishing - AAAS
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS

Citation Formats

Becker, J. C., Khain, T., Hamilton, S. J., Adams, F. C., Gerdes, D. W., Zullo, L., Franson, K., Millholland, S., Bernstein, G. M., Sako, M., Bernardinelli, P., Napier, K., Markwardt, L., Lin, Hsing Wen, Wester, W., Abdalla, F. B., Allam, S., Annis, J., Avila, S., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Cunha, C. E., D’Andrea, C. B., Costa, L. N. da, Davis, C., Vicente, J. De, Diehl, H. T., Doel, P., Eifler, T. F., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., Hartley, W. G., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Maia, M. A. G., March, M., Marshall, J. L., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Ogando, R. L. C., Plazas, A. A., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schindler, R., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, M., Smith, R. C., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., and Walker, A. R. Discovery and Dynamical Analysis of an Extreme Trans-Neptunian Object with a High Orbital Inclination. United States: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aad042.
Becker, J. C., Khain, T., Hamilton, S. J., Adams, F. C., Gerdes, D. W., Zullo, L., Franson, K., Millholland, S., Bernstein, G. M., Sako, M., Bernardinelli, P., Napier, K., Markwardt, L., Lin, Hsing Wen, Wester, W., Abdalla, F. B., Allam, S., Annis, J., Avila, S., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Cunha, C. E., D’Andrea, C. B., Costa, L. N. da, Davis, C., Vicente, J. De, Diehl, H. T., Doel, P., Eifler, T. F., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., Hartley, W. G., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Maia, M. A. G., March, M., Marshall, J. L., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Ogando, R. L. C., Plazas, A. A., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schindler, R., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, M., Smith, R. C., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., & Walker, A. R. Discovery and Dynamical Analysis of an Extreme Trans-Neptunian Object with a High Orbital Inclination. United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/aad042
Becker, J. C., Khain, T., Hamilton, S. J., Adams, F. C., Gerdes, D. W., Zullo, L., Franson, K., Millholland, S., Bernstein, G. M., Sako, M., Bernardinelli, P., Napier, K., Markwardt, L., Lin, Hsing Wen, Wester, W., Abdalla, F. B., Allam, S., Annis, J., Avila, S., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Cunha, C. E., D’Andrea, C. B., Costa, L. N. da, Davis, C., Vicente, J. De, Diehl, H. T., Doel, P., Eifler, T. F., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., Hartley, W. G., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Maia, M. A. G., March, M., Marshall, J. L., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Ogando, R. L. C., Plazas, A. A., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schindler, R., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, M., Smith, R. C., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., and Walker, A. R. Fri . "Discovery and Dynamical Analysis of an Extreme Trans-Neptunian Object with a High Orbital Inclination". United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/aad042. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1462215.
@article{osti_1462215,
title = {Discovery and Dynamical Analysis of an Extreme Trans-Neptunian Object with a High Orbital Inclination},
author = {Becker, J. C. and Khain, T. and Hamilton, S. J. and Adams, F. C. and Gerdes, D. W. and Zullo, L. and Franson, K. and Millholland, S. and Bernstein, G. M. and Sako, M. and Bernardinelli, P. and Napier, K. and Markwardt, L. and Lin, Hsing Wen and Wester, W. and Abdalla, F. B. and Allam, S. and Annis, J. and Avila, S. and Bertin, E. and Brooks, D. and Rosell, A. Carnero and Kind, M. Carrasco and Carretero, J. and Cunha, C. E. and D’Andrea, C. B. and Costa, L. N. da and Davis, C. and Vicente, J. De and Diehl, H. T. and Doel, P. and Eifler, T. F. and Flaugher, B. and Fosalba, P. and Frieman, J. and García-Bellido, J. and Gaztanaga, E. and Gruen, D. and Gruendl, R. A. and Gschwend, J. and Gutierrez, G. and Hartley, W. G. and Hollowood, D. L. and Honscheid, K. and James, D. J. and Kuehn, K. and Kuropatkin, N. and Maia, M. A. G. and March, M. and Marshall, J. L. and Menanteau, F. and Miquel, R. and Ogando, R. L. C. and Plazas, A. A. and Sanchez, E. and Scarpine, V. and Schindler, R. and Sevilla-Noarbe, I. and Smith, M. and Smith, R. C. and Soares-Santos, M. and Sobreira, F. and Suchyta, E. and Swanson, M. E. C. and Walker, A. R.},
abstractNote = {We report the discovery and dynamical analysis of 2015 BP519, an extreme trans-Neptunian object (TNO) detected by the Dark Energy Survey at a heliocentric distance of 55 au, perihelion of ~36 au, and absolute magnitude H r = 4.3. The current orbit, determined from a 1110 day observational arc, has a semimajor axis a ≈ 450 au, eccentricity e ≈ 0.92, and inclination i ≈ 54°. With these orbital elements, 2015 BP519 is the most extreme TNO discovered to date, as quantified by the reduced Kozai action, ${\eta }_{0}={(1-{e}^{2})}^{1/2}\cos i$, which is a conserved quantity at fixed semimajor axis a for axisymmetric perturbations. We discuss the orbital stability and evolution of this object and find that, under the influence of the four known giant planets, 2015 BP519 displays rich dynamical behavior, including rapid diffusion in semimajor axis and more constrained variations in eccentricity and inclination. We also consider the long-term orbital stability and evolutionary behavior within the context of the Planet Nine hypothesis and find that 2015 BP519 adds to the circumstantial evidence for the existence of this proposed new member of the solar system, as it would represent the first member of the population of high-i, piv-shepherded TNOs.},
doi = {10.3847/1538-3881/aad042},
journal = {The Astronomical Journal (Online)},
number = 2,
volume = 156,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Aug 03 00:00:00 EDT 2018},
month = {Fri Aug 03 00:00:00 EDT 2018}
}

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text, January 2011


Supernova Simulations and Strategies For the Dark Energy Survey
text, January 2011


Discovery of a New Member of the Inner Oort Cloud from The Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey
text, January 2013


De-biased Populations of Kuiper Belt Objects from the Deep Ecliptic Survey
text, January 2013


The Absolute Magnitude Distribution of Kuiper Belt Objects
text, January 2014


Automated Transient Identification in the Dark Energy Survey
text, January 2015


The Outer Solar System Origins Survey: I. Design and First-Quarter Discoveries
text, January 2015


The Dark Energy Survey: more than dark energy - an overview
text, January 2016


Is there an exoplanet in the Solar System?
text, January 2016


Making Planet Nine: A Scattered Giant in the Outer Solar System
text, January 2016


Observational Constraints on Planet Nine: Cassini Range Observations
text, January 2016


Solar Obliquity Induced by Planet Nine
text, January 2016


The Pan-STARRS 1 Discoveries of five new Neptune Trojans
text, January 2016


Generation of Highly Inclined Trans-Neptunian Objects by Planet Nine
text, January 2016


Discovery and Physical Characterization of a Large Scattered Disk Object at 92 AU
text, January 2017


OSSOS VI. Striking Biases in the detection of large semimajor axis Trans-Neptunian Objects
text, January 2017


Col-OSSOS: z Band Photometry Reveals Three Distinct TNO Surface Types
text, January 2017


Was Planet 9 captured in the Sun's natal star-forming region?
text, January 2017


Dynamical Evolution Induced by Planet Nine
text, January 2017


Producing Distant Planets by Mutual Scattering of Planetary Embryos
text, January 2017


Chaotic Dynamics of Trans-Neptunian Objects Perturbed by Planet Nine
text, January 2017


The Generation of the Distant Kuiper Belt by Planet Nine from an Initially Broad Perihelion Distribution
text, January 2018


A Catalog of Young Stellar Groups and Clusters Within 1kpc of the Sun
text, January 2003


Works referencing / citing this record:

The fate of planetesimal discs in young open clusters: implications for 1I/’Oumuamua, the Kuiper belt, the Oort cloud, and more
journal, April 2019

  • Hands, T. O.; Dehnen, W.; Gration, A.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 490, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz1069

Two temperate sub-Neptunes transiting the star EPIC 212737443
journal, June 2019

  • Herath, Mahesh; Hinse, Tobias C.; Livingston, John H.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 488, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz1641

A New High Perihelion Trans-Plutonian Inner Oort Cloud Object: 2015 TG387
journal, March 2019

  • Sheppard, Scott S.; Trujillo, Chadwick A.; Tholen, David J.
  • The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 157, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-3881/ab0895

A Pluto–Charon Sonata: Dynamical Limits on the Masses of the Small Satellites
journal, July 2019


A Fruit of a Different Kind: 2015 BP 519 as an Outlier Among the Extreme Trans-neptunian Objects
journal, July 2018

  • de la Fuente Marcos, Carlos; de la Fuente Marcos, Raúl
  • Research Notes of the AAS, Vol. 2, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.3847/2515-5172/aadfec

A Fruit of a Different Kind: 2015 BP519 as an Outlier among the Extreme Trans-Neptunian Objects
text, January 2018