Rationalization of solidification mechanism of Nd–Fe–B magnets during laser directed-energy deposition [Rationalization of solidification mechanism of neodymium-iron-boron magnets obtained after laser directed-energy deposition process]

Sridharan, Niyanth; Cakmak, Ercan; List, Fred A.; Ucar, Huseyin; Constantinides, Steve; Babu, S. S.; McCall, S. K.; Paranthaman, M. Parans

doi:10.1007/s10853-018-2178-7

Title: Rationalization of solidification mechanism of Nd–Fe–B magnets during laser directed-energy deposition [Rationalization of solidification mechanism of neodymium-iron-boron magnets obtained after laser directed-energy deposition process]

Abstract

Near-net fabrication techniques are highly beneficial to minimize rare earth metal usage to fabricate dense fully functional magnets. In this study, feasibility of using the directed-energy deposition technique for fabrication of magnets is evaluated. The results show that despite the ability to fabricate highly reactive materials in the laser deposition process, the magnetic coercivity and remanence of the hard magnets is significantly reduced. X-ray powder diffraction in conjunction with electron microscopy showed that the material experienced a primary Nd2Fe17Bx solidification. Consequently, the absence of the hard magnetic phase resulted in deterioration of the build properties.

Authors:

^[1];

^[2];

^[2]; Ucar, Huseyin ^[3]; Constantinides, Steve ^[4]; Babu, S. S. ^[1]; McCall, S. K. ^[5];

^[2]

Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Florida Polytechnic Univ., Lakeland, FL (United States)
Arnold Magnetic Technologies Corp., Rochester, NY (United States); Magnetics & Materials LLC, Honeoye, NY (United States)
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Publication Date:: Wed Mar 07 00:00:00 EST 2018

Research Org.:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

OSTI Identifier:: 1461738

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1830150

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL-692689
Journal ID: ISSN 0022-2461; 820445

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344; AC05-00OR22725

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Journal of Materials Science

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 53; Journal Issue: 11; Journal ID: ISSN 0022-2461

Publisher:: Springer

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; Nd-Fe-B hard magnets; Laser additive manufacturing; Nd2Fe14B

Citation Formats


                    Sridharan, Niyanth, Cakmak, Ercan, List, Fred A., Ucar, Huseyin, Constantinides, Steve, Babu, S. S., McCall, S. K., and Paranthaman, M. Parans. Rationalization of solidification mechanism of Nd–Fe–B magnets during laser directed-energy deposition [Rationalization of solidification mechanism of neodymium-iron-boron magnets obtained after laser directed-energy deposition process].  United States: N. p., 2018. 
Web.  doi:10.1007/s10853-018-2178-7.

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                    Sridharan, Niyanth, Cakmak, Ercan, List, Fred A., Ucar, Huseyin, Constantinides, Steve, Babu, S. S., McCall, S. K., & Paranthaman, M. Parans. Rationalization of solidification mechanism of Nd–Fe–B magnets during laser directed-energy deposition [Rationalization of solidification mechanism of neodymium-iron-boron magnets obtained after laser directed-energy deposition process].  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-018-2178-7

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                    Sridharan, Niyanth, Cakmak, Ercan, List, Fred A., Ucar, Huseyin, Constantinides, Steve, Babu, S. S., McCall, S. K., and Paranthaman, M. Parans. Wed .  
"Rationalization of solidification mechanism of Nd–Fe–B magnets during laser directed-energy deposition [Rationalization of solidification mechanism of neodymium-iron-boron magnets obtained after laser directed-energy deposition process]".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-018-2178-7.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1461738.

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@article{osti_1461738,

  title        = {Rationalization of solidification mechanism of Nd–Fe–B magnets during laser directed-energy deposition [Rationalization of solidification mechanism of neodymium-iron-boron magnets obtained after laser directed-energy deposition process]},

  author       = {Sridharan, Niyanth and Cakmak, Ercan and List, Fred A. and Ucar, Huseyin and Constantinides, Steve and Babu, S. S. and McCall, S. K. and Paranthaman, M. Parans},

  abstractNote = {Near-net fabrication techniques are highly beneficial to minimize rare earth metal usage to fabricate dense fully functional magnets. In this study, feasibility of using the directed-energy deposition technique for fabrication of magnets is evaluated. The results show that despite the ability to fabricate highly reactive materials in the laser deposition process, the magnetic coercivity and remanence of the hard magnets is significantly reduced. X-ray powder diffraction in conjunction with electron microscopy showed that the material experienced a primary Nd2Fe17Bx solidification. Consequently, the absence of the hard magnetic phase resulted in deterioration of the build properties.},

  doi          = {10.1007/s10853-018-2178-7},

  journal      = {Journal of Materials Science},

  number       = 11,

  volume       = 53,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Wed Mar 07 00:00:00 EST 2018},

  month        = {Wed Mar 07 00:00:00 EST 2018}

}

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Journal Article:

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https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-018-2178-7

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Cited by: 18 works

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Figures / Tables:

Figure 1: Shows the magnetization curve of the powder and the sample. Note the sharp drop in coercivity and remanence of the magnets after processing.

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Works referenced in this record:

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Sagawa, M.; Fujimura, S.; Togawa, N.
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Li, J.; Liu, Y.; Gao, S. J.
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Overview of Nd–Fe–B magnets and coercivity (invited)
journal, January 1996

Fidler, J.; Schrefl, T.
Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 79, Issue 8
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Thermodynamic and kinetic models for describing microstructure evolution during joining of metals and alloys
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Additional ferromagnetic phases in the FeNdB system and the effect of a 600°C annealing
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Works referencing / citing this record:

Refining the Microstructure of Fe-Nd-B by Selective Laser Melting
journal, November 2018

Goll, Dagmar; Vogelgsang, David; Pflanz, Ulrich
physica status solidi (RRL) - Rapid Research Letters, Vol. 13, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1002/pssr.201800536

Figures / Tables found in this record:

Figures/Tables have been extracted from DOE-funded journal article accepted manuscripts.

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Similar Records

Title: Rationalization of solidification mechanism of Nd–Fe–B magnets during laser directed-energy deposition [Rationalization of solidification mechanism of neodymium-iron-boron magnets obtained after laser directed-energy deposition process]

Abstract

Citation Formats

Figures / Tables:

Undercooling-dependent solidification behavior of levitated Nd14Fe79B7 alloy droplets journal, June 2002

Phase selection during solidification of peritectic alloys journal, October 1996

Heat treatment of metastable Nd2Fe17Bx phase formed from undercooled melt of Nd–Fe–B alloys journal, December 2006

Observation of a metastable phase during solidification of undercooled Nd–Fe–B alloy melts by in situ diffraction experiments using synchrotron radiation journal, September 2004

Metastable solidification of NdFeB alloys by drop-tube processing journal, September 2001

Big Area Additive Manufacturing of High Performance Bonded NdFeB Magnets journal, October 2016

Phase formation in undercooled NdFeB alloy droplets journal, September 2001

Pr‐Fe and Nd‐Fe‐based materials: A new class of high‐performance permanent magnets (invited) journal, March 1984

New material for permanent magnets on a base of Nd and Fe (invited) journal, March 1984

Effect of process on the magnetic properties of bonded NdFeB magnet journal, April 2006

Overview of Nd–Fe–B magnets and coercivity (invited) journal, January 1996

Thermodynamic and kinetic models for describing microstructure evolution during joining of metals and alloys journal, November 2009

Additional ferromagnetic phases in the FeNdB system and the effect of a 600°C annealing journal, July 1989

Recent development in bonded NdFeB magnets journal, February 2002

Net Shape 3D Printed NdFeB Permanent Magnet : Net Shape 3D Printed NdFeB Permanent Magnet journal, April 2017

Additive Manufacturing Technologies book, January 2010

Summary of magnet development in the past two years journal, September 1990

Laser additive manufacturing of metallic components: materials, processes and mechanisms journal, May 2012

Additive manufacturing of near-net-shape bonded magnets: Prospects and challenges journal, July 2017

Perspectives on Permanent Magnetic Materials for Energy Conversion and Power Generation journal, July 2012

Crystallization of Nd2Fe17Bx from stoichiometric melt composition journal, May 2007

Correlation between solidification parameters and weld microstructures journal, January 1989

Refining the Microstructure of Fe-Nd-B by Selective Laser Melting journal, November 2018

Undercooling-dependent solidification behavior of levitated Nd14Fe79B7 alloy droplets
journal, June 2002

Phase selection during solidification of peritectic alloys
journal, October 1996

Heat treatment of metastable Nd2Fe17Bx phase formed from undercooled melt of Nd–Fe–B alloys
journal, December 2006

Observation of a metastable phase during solidification of undercooled Nd–Fe–B alloy melts by in situ diffraction experiments using synchrotron radiation
journal, September 2004

Metastable solidification of NdFeB alloys by drop-tube processing
journal, September 2001

Big Area Additive Manufacturing of High Performance Bonded NdFeB Magnets
journal, October 2016

Phase formation in undercooled NdFeB alloy droplets
journal, September 2001

Pr‐Fe and Nd‐Fe‐based materials: A new class of high‐performance permanent magnets (invited)
journal, March 1984

New material for permanent magnets on a base of Nd and Fe (invited)
journal, March 1984

Effect of process on the magnetic properties of bonded NdFeB magnet
journal, April 2006

Overview of Nd–Fe–B magnets and coercivity (invited)
journal, January 1996

Thermodynamic and kinetic models for describing microstructure evolution during joining of metals and alloys
journal, November 2009

Additional ferromagnetic phases in the FeNdB system and the effect of a 600°C annealing
journal, July 1989

Recent development in bonded NdFeB magnets
journal, February 2002

Net Shape 3D Printed NdFeB Permanent Magnet : Net Shape 3D Printed NdFeB Permanent Magnet
journal, April 2017

Additive Manufacturing Technologies
book, January 2010

Summary of magnet development in the past two years
journal, September 1990

Laser additive manufacturing of metallic components: materials, processes and mechanisms
journal, May 2012

Additive manufacturing of near-net-shape bonded magnets: Prospects and challenges
journal, July 2017

Perspectives on Permanent Magnetic Materials for Energy Conversion and Power Generation
journal, July 2012

Crystallization of Nd2Fe17Bx from stoichiometric melt composition
journal, May 2007

Correlation between solidification parameters and weld microstructures
journal, January 1989

Refining the Microstructure of Fe-Nd-B by Selective Laser Melting
journal, November 2018