Excitation functions for (p,x) reactions of niobium in the energy range of Ep = 40–90 MeV

Voyles, Andrew S.; Bernstein, Lee A.; Birnbaum, Eva R.; Engle, Jonathan W.; Graves, Stephen A.; Kawano, Toshihiko; Lewis, Amanda M.; Nortier, Francois M.

doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2018.05.028

Title: Excitation functions for (p,x) reactions of niobium in the energy range of E_p = 40–90 MeV

Abstract

In this paper, a stack of thin Nb foils was irradiated with the 100 MeV proton beam at Los Alamos National Laboratory’s Isotope Production Facility, to investigate the ⁹³Nb(p,4n)⁹⁰Mo nuclear reaction as a monitor for intermediate energy proton experiments and to benchmark state-of-the-art reaction model codes. A set of 38 measured cross sections for ^natNb(p,x) and ^natCu(p,x) reactions between 40–90 MeV, as well as 5 independent measurements of isomer branching ratios, are reported. These are useful in medical and basic science radionuclide productions at intermediate energies. The ^natCu(p,x)⁵⁶Co, ^natCu(p,x)⁶²Zn, and ^natCu(p,x)⁶⁵Zn reactions were used to determine proton fluence, and all activities were quantified using HPGe spectrometry. Variance minimization techniques were employed to reduce systematic uncertainties in proton energy and fluence, improving the reliability of these measurements. The measured cross sections are shown to be in excellent agreement with literature values, and have been measured with improved precision compared with previous measurements. This work also reports the first measurement of the ^natNb(p,x)^82mRb reaction, and of the independent cross sections for ^natCu(p,x)^52gMn and ^natNb(p,x)^85gY in the 40–90 MeV region. The effects of ^natSi(p,x)^22,24Na contamination, arising from silicone adhesive in the Kapton tape used to encapsulate the aluminum monitor foils, is also discussedmore »« less

Authors:

Voyles, Andrew S. ^[1]; Bernstein, Lee A. ^[2]; Birnbaum, Eva R. ^[3]; Engle, Jonathan W. ^[4]; Graves, Stephen A. ^[5]; Kawano, Toshihiko ^[3]; Lewis, Amanda M. ^[1]; Nortier, Francois M. ^[3]

Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Dept. of Nuclear Engineering
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Dept. of Nuclear Engineering; Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Nuclear Science Division
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States). Dept. of Medical Physics
Univ. of Iowa, Iowa City, IA (United States). Dept. of Radiation Oncology

Publication Date:: 2018-06-01

Research Org.:: Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP); USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), Office of Naval Reactors; Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) (United States)

OSTI Identifier:: 1459841

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1528901; OSTI ID: 1582958

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-18-22980
Journal ID: ISSN 0168-583X; TRN: US1901814

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-06NA25396; AC02-05CH11231

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section B, Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 429; Journal ID: ISSN 0168-583X

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS; Nb + p; Cu + p; niobium; 90Mo; nuclear cross sections; stacked target activation; monitor reactions; medical isotope production; isomer branching ratios; MCNP; LANL

Citation Formats


                    Voyles, Andrew S., Bernstein, Lee A., Birnbaum, Eva R., Engle, Jonathan W., Graves, Stephen A., Kawano, Toshihiko, Lewis, Amanda M., and Nortier, Francois M. Excitation functions for (p,x) reactions of niobium in the energy range of Ep = 40–90 MeV.  United States: N. p., 2018. 
Web.  doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2018.05.028.

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                    Voyles, Andrew S., Bernstein, Lee A., Birnbaum, Eva R., Engle, Jonathan W., Graves, Stephen A., Kawano, Toshihiko, Lewis, Amanda M., & Nortier, Francois M. Excitation functions for (p,x) reactions of niobium in the energy range of Ep = 40–90 MeV.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2018.05.028

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                    Voyles, Andrew S., Bernstein, Lee A., Birnbaum, Eva R., Engle, Jonathan W., Graves, Stephen A., Kawano, Toshihiko, Lewis, Amanda M., and Nortier, Francois M. Fri .  
"Excitation functions for (p,x) reactions of niobium in the energy range of Ep = 40–90 MeV".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2018.05.028.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1459841.

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@article{osti_1459841,

  title        = {Excitation functions for (p,x) reactions of niobium in the energy range of Ep = 40–90 MeV},

  author       = {Voyles, Andrew S. and Bernstein, Lee A. and Birnbaum, Eva R. and Engle, Jonathan W. and Graves, Stephen A. and Kawano, Toshihiko and Lewis, Amanda M. and Nortier, Francois M.},

  abstractNote = {In this paper, a stack of thin Nb foils was irradiated with the 100 MeV proton beam at Los Alamos National Laboratory’s Isotope Production Facility, to investigate the 93Nb(p,4n)90Mo nuclear reaction as a monitor for intermediate energy proton experiments and to benchmark state-of-the-art reaction model codes. A set of 38 measured cross sections for natNb(p,x) and natCu(p,x) reactions between 40–90 MeV, as well as 5 independent measurements of isomer branching ratios, are reported. These are useful in medical and basic science radionuclide productions at intermediate energies. The natCu(p,x)56Co, natCu(p,x)62Zn, and natCu(p,x)65Zn reactions were used to determine proton fluence, and all activities were quantified using HPGe spectrometry. Variance minimization techniques were employed to reduce systematic uncertainties in proton energy and fluence, improving the reliability of these measurements. The measured cross sections are shown to be in excellent agreement with literature values, and have been measured with improved precision compared with previous measurements. This work also reports the first measurement of the natNb(p,x)82mRb reaction, and of the independent cross sections for natCu(p,x)52gMn and natNb(p,x)85gY in the 40–90 MeV region. The effects of natSi(p,x)22,24Na contamination, arising from silicone adhesive in the Kapton tape used to encapsulate the aluminum monitor foils, is also discussed as a cautionary note to future stacked-target cross section measurements. Finally, a priori predictions of the reaction modeling codes CoH, EMPIRE, and TALYS are compared with experimentally measured values and used to explore the differences between codes for the natNb(p,x) and natCu(p,x) reactions.},

  doi          = {10.1016/j.nimb.2018.05.028},

  journal      = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section B, Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms},

  number       = ,

  volume       = 429,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2018},

  month        = {6}

}

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Experimental studies and nuclear model calculations on the formation of radioactive products in interactions of medium energy protons with copper, zinc and brass: Estimation of collimator activation in proton therapy facilities
journal, September 1997

Faßbender, M.; Shubin, Yu. N.; Lunev, V. P.
Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Vol. 48, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1016/S0969-8043(97)00102-4

Excitation functions of proton induced nuclear reactions on natRb from 30 to 70 MeV. Implication for the production of 82Sr and other medically important Rb and Sr radioisotopes
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Ido, Tatsuo; Hermanne, Alex; Ditrói, Ferenc
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, Vol. 194, Issue 4
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Measurement and calculation of radioactivities of spallation products by high-energy heavy ions
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Yashima, H.; Uwamino, Y.; Iwase, H.
Radiochimica Acta, Vol. 91, Issue 12
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Excitation functions of proton induced nuclear reactions on natural copper using a medium-sized cyclotron
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Study of proton induced reactions on niobium targets up to 70MeV
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Investigation of proton induced reactions on niobium at low and medium energies
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Measurement of excitation functions in proton induced reactions on natural copper from their threshold to 43MeV
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Title: Excitation functions for (p,x) reactions of niobium in the energy range of Ep = 40–90 MeV

Abstract

Citation Formats

Status of and Trends in Nuclear Medicine in the United States journal, December 2011

Nuclear data for production and medical application of radionuclides: Present status and future needs journal, January 2017

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 48 journal, July 2006

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 90 journal, November 1997

Cross sections for the formation of Hg 195 m , g , Hg 197 m , g , and Au 196 m , g in α and He 3 -particle induced reactions on Pt: Effect of level density parameters on the calculated isomeric cross-section ratio journal, March 2006

Pre-equilibrium emission effects in the measured isomeric yield ratios in alpha-induced reactions on Au 197 journal, March 1992

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 52 journal, September 2015

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 58 journal, April 2010

Nuclear Data Sheets for journal, February 2014

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 87 journal, November 2015

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 89 journal, January 2013

Nuclear excitation functions of proton-induced reactions (Ep= 35–90 MeV) from Fe, Cu, and Al journal, November 2016

Monitor Reactions for High Energy Proton Beams journal, December 1963

Synthetic spectra for radioactive strontium production QA/QC journal, April 2014

General solution of Bateman equations for nuclear transmutations journal, May 2006

Production of 52Fe via proton-induced reactions on manganese and nickel journal, January 1990

Experimental studies on the proton-induced activation reactions of molybdenum in the energy range 22–67MeV journal, June 2004

Experimental and theoretical excitation functions of radionuclides produced in proton bombardment of copper up to 200 MeV journal, August 1992

Stopping of energetic light ions in elemental matter journal, February 1999

Initial MCNP6 Release Overview journal, December 2012

Experimental and computational techniques for the analysis of proton beam propagation through a target stack journal, February 2015

Towards a More Complete and Accurate Experimental Nuclear Reaction Data Library (EXFOR): International Collaboration Between Nuclear Reaction Data Centres (NRDC) journal, June 2014

Synthesis and biological evaluation of copper-64 radiolabeled [DUPA-6-Ahx-(NODAGA)-5-Ava-BBN(7-14)NH2], a novel bivalent targeting vector having affinity for two distinct biomarkers (GRPr/PSMA) of prostate cancer journal, April 2014

Copper-64 Labeled Macrobicyclic Sarcophagine Coupled to a GRP Receptor Antagonist Shows Great Promise for PET Imaging of Prostate Cancer journal, July 2015

Excitation functions of proton induced nuclear reactions on enriched 61Ni and 64Ni: Possibility of production of no-carrier-added 61Cu and 64Cu at a small cyclotron journal, March 1993

Charged particle induced reaction cross section data for production of the emerging medically important positron emitter 64 Cu: A comprehensive evaluation journal, December 2009

Cross-section measurements of the nuclear reactions natZn(d,x)64Cu, 66Zn(d,α)64Cu and 68Zn(p,αn)64Cu for production of 64Cu and technical developments for small-scale production of 67Cu via the 70Zn(p,α)67Cu process journal, November 2003

Investigation of the 66Zn(p,2pn)64Cu and 68Zn(p,x)64Cu nuclear processes up to 100 MeV: Production of 64Cu journal, November 2005

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Simplified and reproducible radiochemical separations for the production of high specific activity 61Cu, 64Cu, 86Y and 55Co conference, January 2017

The production of a broader palette of PET tracers journal, January 2003

Development of novel positron emitters for medical applications: nuclear and radiochemical aspects journal, June 2011

Production of the positron emitting radioisotope 86Y for nuclear medical application journal, April 1993

Reactions of 88 Sr with protons of energies7–85 MeV journal, May 1967

A comparative study on the separation of radioyttrium from Sr- and Rb-targets via ion-exchange and solvent extraction techniques, with special reference to the production of no-carrier-added 86Y, 87Y and 88Y using a cyclotron journal, March 2009

Development and Characterization of Clinical-Grade 89 Zr-Trastuzumab for HER2/ neu ImmunoPET Imaging journal, May 2009

Biodistribution of 89Zr-trastuzumab and PET Imaging of HER2-Positive Lesions in Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer journal, March 2010

Measurements and a direct-reaction – plus – Hauser-Feshbach analysis of Y 89 ( p , n ) 89 Zr, Y 89 ( p ,2 n ) 88 , and Y 89 ( p , pn ) 88 Y reactions up to 40 MeV journal, October 1988

Proton induced reactions on 89Y with particular reference to the production of the medically interesting radionuclide 89Zr journal, January 2009

Cross section data for the production of the positron emitting niobium isotope 90 Nb via the 90 Zr( p , n )-reaction journal, January 2002

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Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 57 journal, November 1998

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Global optical potentials for emitted alpha particles journal, April 1994

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Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 24 journal, November 2007

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 51 journal, September 2017

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 54 journal, September 2014

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 55 journal, April 2008

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 56 journal, June 2011

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 59 journal, February 2002

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 60 journal, December 2013

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 61 journal, March 2015

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 62 journal, April 2012

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 64 journal, February 2007

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 65 journal, September 2010

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 82 journal, February 2003

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 83 journal, March 2015

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 86 journal, February 2015

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 88 journal, January 2014

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 91 journal, October 2013

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 92 journal, October 2012

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 93 journal, May 2011

Réactions (p, 3p3n) entre 30 et 150 MeV journal, January 1963

Excitation Functions for Radioactive Isotopes Produced by Protons below 60 MeV on Al, Fe, and Cu journal, October 1967

Thin-Target Cross Sections for Some Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Zn Nuclides Produced in Copper by 82- to 416-MeV Protons journal, October 1972

Excitation functions for radioactive isotopes produced by proton bombardment of Cu and Al in the energy range of 16 to 70 MeV journal, July 1982

Production cross section of radionuclides in (p, x) reactions at copper and nickel nuclei journal, June 1987

Title: Excitation functions for (p,x) reactions of niobium in the energy range of E_p = 40–90 MeV

Status of and Trends in Nuclear Medicine in the United States
journal, December 2011

Nuclear data for production and medical application of radionuclides: Present status and future needs
journal, January 2017

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 48
journal, July 2006

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 90
journal, November 1997

Cross sections for the formation of ${}^{195}{Hg}$ $^{m, g}$ , ${}^{197}{Hg}$ $^{m, g}$ , and ${}^{196}{Au}$ $^{m, g}$ in α and ${}^{3}{He}$ -particle induced reactions on Pt: Effect of level density parameters on the calculated isomeric cross-section ratio
journal, March 2006

Pre-equilibrium emission effects in the measured isomeric yield ratios in alpha-induced reactions on ${}^{197}{Au}$
journal, March 1992

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 52
journal, September 2015

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 58
journal, April 2010

Nuclear Data Sheets for
journal, February 2014

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 87
journal, November 2015

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 89
journal, January 2013

Nuclear excitation functions of proton-induced reactions (Ep= 35–90 MeV) from Fe, Cu, and Al
journal, November 2016

Monitor Reactions for High Energy Proton Beams
journal, December 1963

Synthetic spectra for radioactive strontium production QA/QC
journal, April 2014

General solution of Bateman equations for nuclear transmutations
journal, May 2006

Production of 52Fe via proton-induced reactions on manganese and nickel
journal, January 1990

Experimental studies on the proton-induced activation reactions of molybdenum in the energy range 22–67MeV
journal, June 2004

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journal, August 1992

Stopping of energetic light ions in elemental matter
journal, February 1999

Initial MCNP6 Release Overview
journal, December 2012

Experimental and computational techniques for the analysis of proton beam propagation through a target stack
journal, February 2015

Towards a More Complete and Accurate Experimental Nuclear Reaction Data Library (EXFOR): International Collaboration Between Nuclear Reaction Data Centres (NRDC)
journal, June 2014

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journal, April 2014

Copper-64 Labeled Macrobicyclic Sarcophagine Coupled to a GRP Receptor Antagonist Shows Great Promise for PET Imaging of Prostate Cancer
journal, July 2015

Excitation functions of proton induced nuclear reactions on enriched 61Ni and 64Ni: Possibility of production of no-carrier-added 61Cu and 64Cu at a small cyclotron
journal, March 1993

Charged particle induced reaction cross section data for production of the emerging medically important positron emitter ⁶⁴ Cu: A comprehensive evaluation
journal, December 2009

Cross-section measurements of the nuclear reactions natZn(d,x)64Cu, 66Zn(d,α)64Cu and 68Zn(p,αn)64Cu for production of 64Cu and technical developments for small-scale production of 67Cu via the 70Zn(p,α)67Cu process
journal, November 2003

Investigation of the 66Zn(p,2pn)64Cu and 68Zn(p,x)64Cu nuclear processes up to 100 MeV: Production of 64Cu
journal, November 2005

Measurement of the 64Zn,47Ti(n,p) cross sections using a DD neutron generator for medical isotope studies
journal, November 2017

Simplified and reproducible radiochemical separations for the production of high specific activity 61Cu, 64Cu, 86Y and 55Co
conference, January 2017

The production of a broader palette of PET tracers
journal, January 2003

Development of novel positron emitters for medical applications: nuclear and radiochemical aspects
journal, June 2011

Production of the positron emitting radioisotope 86Y for nuclear medical application
journal, April 1993

Reactions of ⁸⁸ Sr with protons of energies7–85 MeV
journal, May 1967

A comparative study on the separation of radioyttrium from Sr- and Rb-targets via ion-exchange and solvent extraction techniques, with special reference to the production of no-carrier-added 86Y, 87Y and 88Y using a cyclotron
journal, March 2009

Development and Characterization of Clinical-Grade ⁸⁹ Zr-Trastuzumab for HER2/ neu ImmunoPET Imaging
journal, May 2009

Biodistribution of 89Zr-trastuzumab and PET Imaging of HER2-Positive Lesions in Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer
journal, March 2010

Measurements and a direct-reaction – plus – Hauser-Feshbach analysis of ${}^{89}Y$ ( p , n $)^{89}$ Zr, ${}^{89}Y$ ( p ,2 n $)^{88}$ , and ${}^{89}Y$ ( p , pn $)^{88}$ Y reactions up to 40 MeV
journal, October 1988

Proton induced reactions on 89Y with particular reference to the production of the medically interesting radionuclide 89Zr
journal, January 2009

Cross section data for the production of the positron emitting niobium isotope ⁹⁰ Nb via the ⁹⁰ Zr( p , n )-reaction
journal, January 2002

⁹⁰ Nb – a potential PET nuclide: production and labeling of monoclonal antibodies
journal, April 2012

Production of 6.5 h 82mRb via the 82Kr(p, n)-process at a low-energy cyclotron—A potential substitute for 82Rb
journal, January 1991

Measurement and simulation of the cross sections for nuclide production in 93Nb and natNi targets irradiated with 0.04- to 2.6-GeV protons
journal, April 2011

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 57
journal, November 1998

Cross sections for the production of residual nuclides by low- and medium-energy protons from the target elements C, N, O, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba and Au
journal, July 1997

Activation cross-sections of longer lived products of proton induced nuclear reactions on cobalt up to 70 MeV
journal, June 2013

RIPL – Reference Input Parameter Library for Calculation of Nuclear Reactions and Nuclear Data Evaluations
journal, December 2009

EMPIRE: Nuclear Reaction Model Code System for Data Evaluation
journal, December 2007

Local and global nucleon optical models from 1 keV to 200 MeV
journal, January 2003

Complementary optical-potential analysis of -particle elastic scattering and induced reactions at low energies
journal, July 2009

Modern Nuclear Data Evaluation with the TALYS Code System
journal, December 2012

Monte Carlo Simulation for Particle and γ-Ray Emissions in Statistical Hauser-Feshbach Model
journal, May 2010

Global optical potentials for emitted alpha particles
journal, April 1994

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 22
journal, July 2015

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 24
journal, November 2007

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 51
journal, September 2017

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 54
journal, September 2014

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 55
journal, April 2008

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 56
journal, June 2011

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 59
journal, February 2002

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 60
journal, December 2013

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 61
journal, March 2015

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 62
journal, April 2012

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 64
journal, February 2007

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 65
journal, September 2010

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 82
journal, February 2003

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 83
journal, March 2015

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 86
journal, February 2015

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 88
journal, January 2014

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 91
journal, October 2013

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 92
journal, October 2012

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 93
journal, May 2011

Réactions (p, 3p3n) entre 30 et 150 MeV
journal, January 1963

Excitation Functions for Radioactive Isotopes Produced by Protons below 60 MeV on Al, Fe, and Cu
journal, October 1967

Thin-Target Cross Sections for Some Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Zn Nuclides Produced in Copper by 82- to 416-MeV Protons
journal, October 1972

Excitation functions for radioactive isotopes produced by proton bombardment of Cu and Al in the energy range of 16 to 70 MeV
journal, July 1982

Production cross section of radionuclides in (p, x) reactions at copper and nickel nuclei
journal, June 1987

Experimental studies and nuclear model calculations on the formation of radioactive products in interactions of medium energy protons with copper, zinc and brass: Estimation of collimator activation in proton therapy facilities
journal, September 1997

Excitation functions of proton induced nuclear reactions on natRb from 30 to 70 MeV. Implication for the production of 82Sr and other medically important Rb and Sr radioisotopes
journal, October 2002