Excitation functions for (p,x) reactions of niobium in the energy range of Ep = 40–90 MeV

Voyles, Andrew S.; Bernstein, Lee A.; Birnbaum, Eva R.; Engle, Jonathan W.; Graves, Stephen A.; Kawano, Toshihiko; Lewis, Amanda M.; Nortier, Francois M.

doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2018.05.028

Title: Excitation functions for (p,x) reactions of niobium in the energy range of E_p = 40–90 MeV

Journal Article · 31 May 2018 · Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section B, Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2018.05.028 · OSTI ID:1459841

Voyles, Andrew S. ^[1]; Bernstein, Lee A. ^[2]; Birnbaum, Eva R. ^[3]; Engle, Jonathan W. ^[4]; Graves, Stephen A. ^[5]; Kawano, Toshihiko ^[3]; Lewis, Amanda M. ^[1]; Nortier, Francois M. ^[3]

Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Dept. of Nuclear Engineering
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Dept. of Nuclear Engineering; Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Nuclear Science Division
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States). Dept. of Medical Physics
Univ. of Iowa, Iowa City, IA (United States). Dept. of Radiation Oncology

In this paper, a stack of thin Nb foils was irradiated with the 100 MeV proton beam at Los Alamos National Laboratory’s Isotope Production Facility, to investigate the ⁹³Nb(p,4n)⁹⁰Mo nuclear reaction as a monitor for intermediate energy proton experiments and to benchmark state-of-the-art reaction model codes. A set of 38 measured cross sections for ^natNb(p,x) and ^natCu(p,x) reactions between 40–90 MeV, as well as 5 independent measurements of isomer branching ratios, are reported. These are useful in medical and basic science radionuclide productions at intermediate energies. The ^natCu(p,x)⁵⁶Co, ^natCu(p,x)⁶²Zn, and ^natCu(p,x)⁶⁵Zn reactions were used to determine proton fluence, and all activities were quantified using HPGe spectrometry. Variance minimization techniques were employed to reduce systematic uncertainties in proton energy and fluence, improving the reliability of these measurements. The measured cross sections are shown to be in excellent agreement with literature values, and have been measured with improved precision compared with previous measurements. This work also reports the first measurement of the ^natNb(p,x)^82mRb reaction, and of the independent cross sections for ^natCu(p,x)^52gMn and ^natNb(p,x)^85gY in the 40–90 MeV region. The effects of ^natSi(p,x)^22,24Na contamination, arising from silicone adhesive in the Kapton tape used to encapsulate the aluminum monitor foils, is also discussed as a cautionary note to future stacked-target cross section measurements. Finally, a priori predictions of the reaction modeling codes CoH, EMPIRE, and TALYS are compared with experimentally measured values and used to explore the differences between codes for the ^natNb(p,x) and ^natCu(p,x) reactions.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) (United States); USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), Office of Naval Reactors; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), Office of Naval Reactors (NA-30); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP) (SC-26)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; AC52-06NA25396

OSTI ID:: 1459841

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-18-22980

Journal Information:: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section B, Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, Journal Name: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section B, Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms Vol. 429; ISSN 0168-583X

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: Excitation functions for (p,x) reactions of niobium in the energy range of Ep = 40–90 MeV

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Title: Excitation functions for (p,x) reactions of niobium in the energy range of E_p = 40–90 MeV