Search Menu
DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Search Scholarly Publications

Title: In the grass species Brachypodium distachyon, the production of mixed-linkage (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan (MLG) occurs in the Golgi apparatus

Journal Article · · The Plant Journal
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.13830 · OSTI ID:1459435
ORCiD logo [1];  [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5]
  1. Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States). Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center
  2. Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States). Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center; Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States). Dept. of Plant Biology
  3. Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States). Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center; Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States). Dept. of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States). Dept. of Plant Biology
  4. Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States). Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center; Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States). MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab.; Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States). Dept. of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
  5. Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States). Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center; Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States). MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab.; Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States). Dept. of Plant Biology
+ Show Author Affiliations

Summary Mixed‐linkage (1,3;1,4)‐β‐glucan ( MLG ) is a glucose polymer with beneficial effects on human health and high potential for the agricultural industry. MLG is present predominantly in the cell wall of grasses and is synthesized by cellulose synthase‐like F or H families of proteins, with CSLF 6 being the best‐characterized MLG synthase. Although the function of this enzyme in MLG production has been established, the site of MLG synthesis in the cell is debated. It has been proposed that MLG is synthesized at the plasma membrane, as occurs for cellulose and callose; in contrast, it has also been proposed that MLG is synthesized in the Golgi apparatus, as occurs for other matrix polysaccharides of the cell wall. Testing these conflicting possibilities is fundamentally important in the general understanding of the biosynthesis of the plant cell wall. Using immuno‐localization analyses with MLG ‐specific antibody in Brachypodium and in barley, we found MLG present in the Golgi, in post‐Golgi structures and in the cell wall. Accordingly, analyses of a functional fluorescent protein fusion of CSLF 6 stably expressed in Brachypodium demonstrated that the enzyme is localized in the Golgi. We also established that overproduction of MLG causes developmental and growth defects in Brachypodium as also occur in barley. Our results indicated that MLG production occurs in the Golgi similarly to other cell wall matrix polysaccharides, and supports the broadly applicable model in grasses that tight mechanisms control optimal MLG accumulation in the cell wall during development and growth. This work addresses the fundamental question of where mixed linkage (1,3;1,4)‐β‐glucan (MLG) is synthesized in plant cells. By analyzing the subcellular localization of MLG and MLG synthase in an endogenous system, we demonstrated that MLG synthesis occurs at the Golgi in Brachypodium and barley. A growth inhibition due to overproduced MLG in Brachypodium supports the general applicability of the model that a tight control of the cell wall polysaccharides accumulation is needed to maintain growth homeostasis during development.

Research Organization:
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States). Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
Grant/Contract Number:
SC0018409; FC02-07ER64494; FG02-91ER20021; DE‐FG02‐91ER20021
OSTI ID:
1459435
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1424806
Journal Information:
The Plant Journal, Vol. 93, Issue 6; ISSN 0960-7412
Publisher:
Society for Experimental BiologyCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 16 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (45)

Reevaluation of the Effects of Brefeldin A on Plant Cells Using Tobacco Bright Yellow 2 Cells Expressing Golgi-Targeted Green Fluorescent Protein and COPI Antisera journal January 2002
Redistribution of membrane proteins between the Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum in plants is reversible and not dependent on cytoskeletal networks journal March 2002
Generation and Characterization of the Western Regional Research Center Brachypodium T-DNA Insertional Mutant Collection journal September 2012
The Cell Biology of Cellulose Synthesis journal April 2014
Secretion of cell wall polysaccharides in Vicia root hairs journal February 1994
Hemicelluloses journal June 2010
Monoclonal Antibodies to Plant Cell Wall Xylans and Arabinoxylans journal April 2005
Xylan biosynthesis journal April 2014
ARC-1, a sequence element complementary to an internal 18S rRNA segment, enhances translation efficiency in plants when present in the leader or intercistronic region of mRNAs journal January 2004
The Arabidopsis GNOM ARF-GEF Mediates Endosomal Recycling, Auxin Transport, and Auxin-Dependent Plant Growth journal January 2003
Secretory Bulk Flow of Soluble Proteins Is Efficient and COPII Dependent journal September 2001
Functional Compartmentation of the Golgi Apparatus of Plant Cells: Immunocytochemical Analysis of High-Pressure Frozen- and Freeze-Substituted Sycamore Maple Suspension Culture Cells journal July 1992
Golgi Traffic and Integrity Depend on N-Myristoyl Transferase-1 in Arabidopsis journal May 2013
The Maize Mixed-Linkage (1→3),(1→4)- β -d-Glucan Polysaccharide Is Synthesized at the Golgi Membrane journal May 2010
Membrane pore architecture of the CslF6 protein controls (1-3,1-4)-β-glucan structure journal June 2015
Temporal and spatial appearance of wall polysaccharides during cellularization of barley (Hordeum vulgare) endosperm journal March 2006
Cell Wall and Membrane-Associated Exo-β-d-Glucanases from Developing Maize Seedlings journal June 2000
A (13,14)-beta-glucan-specific monoclonal antibody and its use in the quantitation and immunocytochemical location of (13,14)-beta-glucans journal January 1994
Functional characterization of barley betaglucanless mutants demonstrates a unique role for CslF6 in (1,3;1,4)-β-D-glucan biosynthesis journal September 2011
A barley cellulose synthase-like CSLH gene mediates (1,3;1,4)- -D-glucan synthesis in transgenic Arabidopsis journal March 2009
Topology of the Maize Mixed Linkage (1→3),(1→4)-β-D-Glucan Synthase at the Golgi Membrane journal January 2004
Evolving Views of Pectin Biosynthesis journal April 2013
Turning on ARF: the Sec7 family of guanine-nucleotide-exchange factors journal February 2000
Journey to the cell surface—the central role of the trans-Golgi network in plants journal September 2014
The Integrity of the Plant Golgi Apparatus Depends on Cell Growth-Controlled Activity of GNL1 journal May 2013
Comparison of the Acetyl Bromide Spectrophotometric Method with Other Analytical Lignin Methods for Determining Lignin Concentration in Forage Samples journal June 2004
Structural characterization of a mixed-linkage glucan deficient mutant reveals alteration in cellulose microfibril orientation in rice coleoptile mesophyll cell walls journal August 2015
Cellulose Synthase-Like CslF Genes Mediate the Synthesis of Cell Wall (1,3;1,4)- -D-Glucans journal March 2006
A novel mutant gene for (1-3, 1-4)-β-D-glucanless grain on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) chromosome 7H journal January 2009
(1,3;1,4)-β-Glucan Biosynthesis by the CSLF6 Enzyme: Position and Flexibility of Catalytic Residues Influence Product Fine Structure journal March 2016
Loss of Cellulose Synthase - Like F6 Function Affects Mixed-Linkage Glucan Deposition, Cell Wall Mechanical Properties, and Defense Responses in Vegetative Tissues of Rice journal March 2012
A protocol for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Brachypodium distachyon community standard line Bd21 journal April 2009
Down-Regulation of the CSLF6 Gene Results in Decreased (1,3;1,4)- β -d-Glucan in Endosperm of Wheat journal January 2010
Effect of the sequence context of the AUG initiation codon on the rate of translation in dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plant cells journal February 2010
Ethylene Regulates Differential Growth via BIG ARF-GEF-Dependent Post-Golgi Secretory Trafficking in Arabidopsis journal April 2017
Determining the Subcellular Location of Synthesis and Assembly of the Cell Wall Polysaccharide (1,3; 1,4)-β-d-Glucan in Grasses journal March 2015
Synthesis of (1-->3), (1-->4)-beta-D-glucan in the Golgi apparatus of maize coleoptiles. journal May 1993
Over-expression of specific HvCslF cellulose synthase-like genes in transgenic barley increases the levels of cell wall (1,3;1,4)-β-d-glucans and alters their fine structure: Over-expression of CslF genes in barley journal January 2011
The cytoplasmic localization of the catalytic site of CSLF6 supports a channeling model for the biosynthesis of mixed-linkage glucan journal February 2015
High-efficiency Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Brachypodium distachyon inbred line Bd21-3 journal November 2007
Cell Wall Architecture of the Elongating Maize Coleoptile journal October 2001
Changes in cell wall polysaccharides in developing barley (Hordeum vulgare) coleoptiles journal April 2005
In Brachypodium a complex signaling is actuated to protect cells from proteotoxic stress and facilitate seed filling journal March 2017
The Plant Secretory Pathway: An Essential Factory for Building the Plant Cell Wall journal January 2014
Grain development in Brachypodium and other grasses: possible interactions between cell expansion, starch deposition, and cell-wall synthesis journal September 2013

Cited By (1)

Post-Golgi Trafficking and Transport of Cell Wall Components journal December 2018

Linked Research (1)

Figures / Tables (13)

Table 1(p. 26)table Table 1
Table 2(p. 27)table Table 2
Figure 1(p. 31)figure Figure 1
Figure 2(p. 32)figure Figure 2
Figure 3(p. 33)figure Figure 3
Figure 4(p. 34)figure Figure 4
Figure 5(p. 35)figure Figure 5
Table 1(p. 36)table Table 1
Figure S1(p. 37)figure Figure S1
Figure S2(p. 38)figure Figure S2
Figure S3(p. 40)figure Figure S3
Table 2(p. 41)table Table 2
Table S1(p. 42)table Table S1

Similar Records

Related Subjects

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
CSLF6
mixed-linkage glucan
Golgi
Brachypodium distachyon
Brefeldin A