Ecogenomics of virophages and their giant virus hosts assessed through time series metagenomics

Roux, Simon; Chan, Leong-Keat; Egan, Rob; Malmstrom, Rex R.; McMahon, Katherine D.; Sullivan, Matthew B.

doi:10.1038/s41467-017-01086-2

Title: Ecogenomics of virophages and their giant virus hosts assessed through time series metagenomics

Journal Article · 11 October 2017 · Nature Communications

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01086-2 · OSTI ID:1459396

Roux, Simon ^[1]; Chan, Leong-Keat ^[2]; Egan, Rob ^[2]; Malmstrom, Rex R. ^[2]; McMahon, Katherine D. ^[3]; Sullivan, Matthew B. ^[4]

The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States). Dept. of Microbiology
USDOE Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, CA (United States)
Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States). Dept. of Bacteriology. Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering
The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States). Dept. of Microbiology. Dept. of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering

Virophages are small viruses that co-infect eukaryotic cells alongside giant viruses (Mimiviridae) and hijack their machinery to replicate. While two types of virophages have been isolated, their genomic diversity and ecology remain largely unknown. Here we use time series metagenomics to identify and study the dynamics of 25 uncultivated virophage populations, 17 of which represented by complete or near-complete genomes, in two North American freshwater lakes. Taxonomic analysis suggests that these freshwater virophages represent at least three new candidate genera. Ecologically, virophage populations are repeatedly detected over years and evolutionary stable, yet their distinct abundance profiles and gene content suggest that virophage genera occupy different ecological niches. Co-occurrence analyses reveal 11 virophages strongly associated with uncultivated Mimiviridae, and three associated with eukaryotes among the Dinophyceae, Rhizaria, Alveolata, and Cryptophyceae groups. Together, these findings significantly augment virophage databases, help refine virophage taxonomy, and establish baseline ecological hypotheses and tools to study virophages in nature.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC); National Science Foundation (NSF) (United States); Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (United States)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1459396

Journal Information:: Nature Communications, Journal Name: Nature Communications Vol. 8; ISSN 2041-1723

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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