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Title: Studies of uniformity of 50  μ m low-gain avalanche detectors at the Fermilab test beam

Abstract

In this study, we report measurements of the uniformity of time resolution, signal amplitude, and charged particle detection efficiency across the sensor surface of low-gain avalanche detectors (LGAD). Comparisons of the performance of sensors with different doping concentrations and different active thicknesses are presented, as well as their temperature dependence and radiation tolerance up to 6 x 1014 n/cm2. Results were obtained at the Fermilab test beam facility using 120 GeV proton beams, and a high precision pixel tracking detector. LGAD sensors manufactured by the Centro Nacional de Microelectrónica (CNM) and Hamamatsu Photonics (HPK) were studied. The uniformity of the sensor response in pulse height before irradiation was found to have a 2% spread. The signal detection efficiency and timing resolution in the sensitive areas before irradiation were found to be 100% and 30–40 ps, respectively. A “no-response” area between pads was measured to be about 130 μm for CNM and 170μm for HPK sensors. After a neutron fluence of 6 x 1014 n/cm2 the CNM sensor exhibits a large gain variation of up to a factor of 2.5 when comparing metalized and non-metalized sensor areas. An irradiated CNM sensor achieved a time resolution of 30 ps for the metalizedmore » area and 40 ps for the non-metalized area, while a HPK sensor irradiated to the same fluence achieved a 30 ps time resolution.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [1];  [4];  [5];  [6];  [6];  [7];  [8];  [1];  [5];  [7];  [1];  [4];  [5];  [8] more »;  [5];  [5];  [1];  [8];  [6];  [6];  [4];  [2];  [4];  [1];  [7];  [7] « less
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)
  2. California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)
  3. INFN, Torino (Italy); Univ. del Piemonte Orientale (Italy)
  4. INFN, Torino (Italy)
  5. Centro Nacional de Microelectronica (IMB-CNM-CSIC), Barcelona (Spain)
  6. Univ. of California, Santa Cruz, CA (United States)
  7. Hamamatsu Photonics (HPK), Hamamatsu (Japan)
  8. Univ. of Kansas, Lawrence, KS (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)
OSTI Identifier:
1457537
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1525527
Report Number(s):
FERMILAB-PUB-18-299-PPD
Journal ID: ISSN 0168-9002; 1679871; TRN: US1901383
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-07CH11359; 2017.027; FG02-04ER41286; SC0011925
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 895; Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0168-9002
Publisher:
Elsevier
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY; Silicon; Timing; LGAD; Test beam

Citation Formats

Apresyan, A., Xie, S., Pena, C., Arcidiacono, R., Cartiglia, N., Carulla, M., Derylo, G., Ferrero, M., Flores, D., Freeman, P., Galloway, Z., Ghassemi, A., Al Ghoul, H., Gray, L., Hidalgo, S., Kamada, S., Los, S., Mandurrino, M., Merlos, A., Minafra, N., Pellegrini, G., Quirion, D., Ronzhin, A., Royon, C., Sadrozinski, H., Seiden, A., Sola, V., Spiropulu, M., Staiano, A., Uplegger, L., Yamamoto, K., and Yamamura, K. Studies of uniformity of 50  μm low-gain avalanche detectors at the Fermilab test beam. United States: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2018.03.074.
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Apresyan, A., Xie, S., Pena, C., Arcidiacono, R., Cartiglia, N., Carulla, M., Derylo, G., Ferrero, M., Flores, D., Freeman, P., Galloway, Z., Ghassemi, A., Al Ghoul, H., Gray, L., Hidalgo, S., Kamada, S., Los, S., Mandurrino, M., Merlos, A., Minafra, N., Pellegrini, G., Quirion, D., Ronzhin, A., Royon, C., Sadrozinski, H., Seiden, A., Sola, V., Spiropulu, M., Staiano, A., Uplegger, L., Yamamoto, K., & Yamamura, K. Studies of uniformity of 50  μm low-gain avalanche detectors at the Fermilab test beam. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2018.03.074
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Apresyan, A., Xie, S., Pena, C., Arcidiacono, R., Cartiglia, N., Carulla, M., Derylo, G., Ferrero, M., Flores, D., Freeman, P., Galloway, Z., Ghassemi, A., Al Ghoul, H., Gray, L., Hidalgo, S., Kamada, S., Los, S., Mandurrino, M., Merlos, A., Minafra, N., Pellegrini, G., Quirion, D., Ronzhin, A., Royon, C., Sadrozinski, H., Seiden, A., Sola, V., Spiropulu, M., Staiano, A., Uplegger, L., Yamamoto, K., and Yamamura, K. Sun . "Studies of uniformity of 50  μm low-gain avalanche detectors at the Fermilab test beam". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2018.03.074. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1457537.
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@article{osti_1457537,
title = {Studies of uniformity of 50  μm low-gain avalanche detectors at the Fermilab test beam},
author = {Apresyan, A. and Xie, S. and Pena, C. and Arcidiacono, R. and Cartiglia, N. and Carulla, M. and Derylo, G. and Ferrero, M. and Flores, D. and Freeman, P. and Galloway, Z. and Ghassemi, A. and Al Ghoul, H. and Gray, L. and Hidalgo, S. and Kamada, S. and Los, S. and Mandurrino, M. and Merlos, A. and Minafra, N. and Pellegrini, G. and Quirion, D. and Ronzhin, A. and Royon, C. and Sadrozinski, H. and Seiden, A. and Sola, V. and Spiropulu, M. and Staiano, A. and Uplegger, L. and Yamamoto, K. and Yamamura, K.},
abstractNote = {In this study, we report measurements of the uniformity of time resolution, signal amplitude, and charged particle detection efficiency across the sensor surface of low-gain avalanche detectors (LGAD). Comparisons of the performance of sensors with different doping concentrations and different active thicknesses are presented, as well as their temperature dependence and radiation tolerance up to 6 x 1014 n/cm2. Results were obtained at the Fermilab test beam facility using 120 GeV proton beams, and a high precision pixel tracking detector. LGAD sensors manufactured by the Centro Nacional de Microelectrónica (CNM) and Hamamatsu Photonics (HPK) were studied. The uniformity of the sensor response in pulse height before irradiation was found to have a 2% spread. The signal detection efficiency and timing resolution in the sensitive areas before irradiation were found to be 100% and 30–40 ps, respectively. A “no-response” area between pads was measured to be about 130 μm for CNM and 170μm for HPK sensors. After a neutron fluence of 6 x 1014 n/cm2 the CNM sensor exhibits a large gain variation of up to a factor of 2.5 when comparing metalized and non-metalized sensor areas. An irradiated CNM sensor achieved a time resolution of 30 ps for the metalized area and 40 ps for the non-metalized area, while a HPK sensor irradiated to the same fluence achieved a 30 ps time resolution.},
doi = {10.1016/j.nima.2018.03.074},
journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment},
number = C,
volume = 895,
place = {United States},
year = {Sun Apr 08 00:00:00 EDT 2018},
month = {Sun Apr 08 00:00:00 EDT 2018}
}
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Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2018.03.074
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Works referenced in this record:

Test beam studies of silicon timing for use in calorimetry
journal, July 2016

  • Apresyan, A.; Bolla, G.; Bornheim, A.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 825
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Investigation of fast timing capabilities of silicon sensors for the CMS high granularity calorimeter at HL-LHC
conference, October 2016

  • Apresyan, Artur
  • 2016 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Medical Imaging Conference and Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop (NSS/MIC/RTSD)
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On the timing performance of thin planar silicon sensors
journal, July 2017

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  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 859
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2017.03.065

Beam test results of a 16 ps timing system based on ultra-fast silicon detectors
journal, April 2017

  • Cartiglia, N.; Staiano, A.; Sola, V.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 850
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2017.01.021

Technology developments and first measurements of Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGAD) for high energy physics applications
journal, November 2014

  • Pellegrini, G.; Fernández-Martínez, P.; Baselga, M.
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The pixel tracking telescope at the Fermilab Test Beam Facility
journal, March 2016

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  • DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2015.12.003

On timing properties of LYSO-based calorimeters
journal, September 2015

  • Anderson, D.; Apresyan, A.; Bornheim, A.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 794
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Development of a new fast shower maximum detector based on microchannel plates photomultipliers (MCP-PMT) as an active element
journal, September 2014

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Study of the timing performance of micro-channel plate photomultiplier for use as an active layer in a shower maximum detector
journal, September 2015

  • Ronzhin, A.; Los, S.; Ramberg, E.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 795
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2015.06.006

Direct tests of micro channel plates as the active element of a new shower maximum detector
journal, September 2015

  • Ronzhin, A.; Los, S.; Ramberg, E.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 795
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2015.05.029

A new time calibration method for switched-capacitor-array-based waveform samplers
journal, December 2014

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  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 767
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2014.08.025

Computational analysis of irradiation facilities at the JSI TRIGA reactor
journal, March 2012

4D tracking with ultra-fast silicon detectors
journal, December 2017

  • Sadrozinski, Hartmut F-W; Seiden, Abraham; Cartiglia, Nicolò
  • Reports on Progress in Physics, Vol. 81, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa94d3

Radiation effects in Low Gain Avalanche Detectors after hadron irradiations
journal, July 2015

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