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Title: Remote Sensing of Droplet Number Concentration in Warm Clouds: A Review of the Current State of Knowledge and Perspectives

Abstract

Abstract The cloud droplet number concentration ( N d ) is of central interest to improve the understanding of cloud physics and for quantifying the effective radiative forcing by aerosol‐cloud interactions. Current standard satellite retrievals do not operationally provide N d , but it can be inferred from retrievals of cloud optical depth ( τ c ) cloud droplet effective radius ( r e ) and cloud top temperature. This review summarizes issues with this approach and quantifies uncertainties. A total relative uncertainty of 78% is inferred for pixel‐level retrievals for relatively homogeneous, optically thick and unobscured stratiform clouds with favorable viewing geometry. The uncertainty is even greater if these conditions are not met. For averages over 1° ×1° regions the uncertainty is reduced to 54% assuming random errors for instrument uncertainties. In contrast, the few evaluation studies against reference in situ observations suggest much better accuracy with little variability in the bias. More such studies are required for a better error characterization. N d uncertainty is dominated by errors in r e , and therefore, improvements in r e retrievals would greatly improve the quality of the N d retrievals. Recommendations are made for how this might be achieved. Somemore » existing N d data sets are compared and discussed, and best practices for the use of N d data from current passive instruments (e.g., filtering criteria) are recommended. Emerging alternative N d estimates are also considered. First, new ideas to use additional information from existing and upcoming spaceborne instruments are discussed, and second, approaches using high‐quality ground‐based observations are examined.« less

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1];  [2]; ORCiD logo [3]; ORCiD logo [4];  [5];  [6]; ORCiD logo [7];  [4]; ORCiD logo [8];  [9];  [10]; ORCiD logo [11]; ORCiD logo [12]; ORCiD logo [4];  [10];  [13]; ORCiD logo [14]; ORCiD logo [15];  [1];  [10] more »; ORCiD logo [16];  [17]; ORCiD logo [18];  [19]; ORCiD logo [10];  [20]; ORCiD logo [21]; ORCiD logo [22]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [23]; ORCiD logo [11]; ORCiD logo [24]; ORCiD logo [2] « less
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. School of Earth and Environment University of Leeds Leeds UK
  2. Leipzig Institute for Meteorology Universität Leipzig Leipzig Germany
  3. Department of Atmospheric Sciences Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science Miami FL USA
  4. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies New York NY USA
  5. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies New York NY USA, Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics Columbia University New York NY USA
  6. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA, Space Science and Engineering Center University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USA
  7. Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute De Bilt The Netherlands
  8. Department of Atmospheric Science Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA
  9. Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Harwell UK, Department of Physics University of Oxford Oxford UK
  10. Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research Leipzig Germany
  11. Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Washington Seattle WA USA
  12. Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Boulder CO USA
  13. Deutscher Wetterdienst Lindenberg Germany
  14. School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY USA
  15. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD USA
  16. NASA Langley Research Center Hampton VA USA
  17. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA
  18. Institute of Earth Sciences The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel
  19. Department of Geoscience and Remote Sensing Delft University of Technology Delft The Netherlands
  20. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies New York NY USA, Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering Columbia University New York NY USA
  21. Department of Physics University of Oxford Oxford UK
  22. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies New York NY USA, Center for Climate Systems Research Columbia University New York NY USA
  23. Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology Baltimore MD USA
  24. Physics Department UMBC Baltimore MD USA
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); Federal Ministry for Education and Research in Germany (BMBF); European Research Council (ERC)
OSTI Identifier:
1457505
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1457507; OSTI ID: 1547362
Grant/Contract Number:  
SC0016237
Resource Type:
Published Article
Journal Name:
Reviews of Geophysics (1985)
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: Reviews of Geophysics (1985) Journal Volume: 56 Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 8755-1209
Publisher:
American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
58 GEOSCIENCES; cloud droplet concentrations; satellite; radar; lidar; remote sensing; passive retrievals

Citation Formats

Grosvenor, Daniel P., Sourdeval, Odran, Zuidema, Paquita, Ackerman, Andrew, Alexandrov, Mikhail D., Bennartz, Ralf, Boers, Reinout, Cairns, Brian, Chiu, J. Christine, Christensen, Matthew, Deneke, Hartwig, Diamond, Michael, Feingold, Graham, Fridlind, Ann, Hünerbein, Anja, Knist, Christine, Kollias, Pavlos, Marshak, Alexander, McCoy, Daniel, Merk, Daniel, Painemal, David, Rausch, John, Rosenfeld, Daniel, Russchenberg, Herman, Seifert, Patric, Sinclair, Kenneth, Stier, Philip, van Diedenhoven, Bastiaan, Wendisch, Manfred, Werner, Frank, Wood, Robert, Zhang, Zhibo, and Quaas, Johannes. Remote Sensing of Droplet Number Concentration in Warm Clouds: A Review of the Current State of Knowledge and Perspectives. United States: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.1029/2017RG000593.
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Grosvenor, Daniel P., Sourdeval, Odran, Zuidema, Paquita, Ackerman, Andrew, Alexandrov, Mikhail D., Bennartz, Ralf, Boers, Reinout, Cairns, Brian, Chiu, J. Christine, Christensen, Matthew, Deneke, Hartwig, Diamond, Michael, Feingold, Graham, Fridlind, Ann, Hünerbein, Anja, Knist, Christine, Kollias, Pavlos, Marshak, Alexander, McCoy, Daniel, Merk, Daniel, Painemal, David, Rausch, John, Rosenfeld, Daniel, Russchenberg, Herman, Seifert, Patric, Sinclair, Kenneth, Stier, Philip, van Diedenhoven, Bastiaan, Wendisch, Manfred, Werner, Frank, Wood, Robert, Zhang, Zhibo, & Quaas, Johannes. Remote Sensing of Droplet Number Concentration in Warm Clouds: A Review of the Current State of Knowledge and Perspectives. United States. https://doi.org/10.1029/2017RG000593
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Grosvenor, Daniel P., Sourdeval, Odran, Zuidema, Paquita, Ackerman, Andrew, Alexandrov, Mikhail D., Bennartz, Ralf, Boers, Reinout, Cairns, Brian, Chiu, J. Christine, Christensen, Matthew, Deneke, Hartwig, Diamond, Michael, Feingold, Graham, Fridlind, Ann, Hünerbein, Anja, Knist, Christine, Kollias, Pavlos, Marshak, Alexander, McCoy, Daniel, Merk, Daniel, Painemal, David, Rausch, John, Rosenfeld, Daniel, Russchenberg, Herman, Seifert, Patric, Sinclair, Kenneth, Stier, Philip, van Diedenhoven, Bastiaan, Wendisch, Manfred, Werner, Frank, Wood, Robert, Zhang, Zhibo, and Quaas, Johannes. Wed . "Remote Sensing of Droplet Number Concentration in Warm Clouds: A Review of the Current State of Knowledge and Perspectives". United States. https://doi.org/10.1029/2017RG000593.
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@article{osti_1457505,
title = {Remote Sensing of Droplet Number Concentration in Warm Clouds: A Review of the Current State of Knowledge and Perspectives},
author = {Grosvenor, Daniel P. and Sourdeval, Odran and Zuidema, Paquita and Ackerman, Andrew and Alexandrov, Mikhail D. and Bennartz, Ralf and Boers, Reinout and Cairns, Brian and Chiu, J. Christine and Christensen, Matthew and Deneke, Hartwig and Diamond, Michael and Feingold, Graham and Fridlind, Ann and Hünerbein, Anja and Knist, Christine and Kollias, Pavlos and Marshak, Alexander and McCoy, Daniel and Merk, Daniel and Painemal, David and Rausch, John and Rosenfeld, Daniel and Russchenberg, Herman and Seifert, Patric and Sinclair, Kenneth and Stier, Philip and van Diedenhoven, Bastiaan and Wendisch, Manfred and Werner, Frank and Wood, Robert and Zhang, Zhibo and Quaas, Johannes},
abstractNote = {Abstract The cloud droplet number concentration ( N d ) is of central interest to improve the understanding of cloud physics and for quantifying the effective radiative forcing by aerosol‐cloud interactions. Current standard satellite retrievals do not operationally provide N d , but it can be inferred from retrievals of cloud optical depth ( τ c ) cloud droplet effective radius ( r e ) and cloud top temperature. This review summarizes issues with this approach and quantifies uncertainties. A total relative uncertainty of 78% is inferred for pixel‐level retrievals for relatively homogeneous, optically thick and unobscured stratiform clouds with favorable viewing geometry. The uncertainty is even greater if these conditions are not met. For averages over 1° ×1° regions the uncertainty is reduced to 54% assuming random errors for instrument uncertainties. In contrast, the few evaluation studies against reference in situ observations suggest much better accuracy with little variability in the bias. More such studies are required for a better error characterization. N d uncertainty is dominated by errors in r e , and therefore, improvements in r e retrievals would greatly improve the quality of the N d retrievals. Recommendations are made for how this might be achieved. Some existing N d data sets are compared and discussed, and best practices for the use of N d data from current passive instruments (e.g., filtering criteria) are recommended. Emerging alternative N d estimates are also considered. First, new ideas to use additional information from existing and upcoming spaceborne instruments are discussed, and second, approaches using high‐quality ground‐based observations are examined.},
doi = {10.1029/2017RG000593},
journal = {Reviews of Geophysics (1985)},
number = 2,
volume = 56,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Jun 27 00:00:00 EDT 2018},
month = {Wed Jun 27 00:00:00 EDT 2018}
}
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Marine boundary layer cloud property retrievals from high-resolution ASTER observations: case studies and comparison with Terra MODIS
journal, January 2016

  • Werner, Frank; Wind, Galina; Zhang, Zhibo
  • Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol. 9, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.5194/amt-9-5869-2016

Evaluating clouds, aerosols, and their interactions in three global climate models using satellite simulators and observations: Evaluating aerosol-cloud interactions
journal, September 2014

  • Ban-Weiss, George A.; Jin, Ling; Bauer, Susanne E.
  • Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 119, Issue 18
  • DOI: 10.1002/2014JD021722

Marine stratocumulus structure
journal, April 1989

Effect of aerosol number concentration on cloud droplet dispersion: A large-eddy simulation study and implications for aerosol indirect forcing
journal, January 2006

  • Lu, Miao-Ling; Seinfeld, John H.
  • Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 111, Issue D2
  • DOI: 10.1029/2005JD006419

Microphysical Properties of Winter Stratiform Clouds over the Southwest Islands Area in Japan [冬季南西諸島海域における層状雲の雲物理学的性質]
journal, January 1995

  • Ishizaka, Yutaka; Kurahashi, Yoshinobu; Tsuruta, Haruo
  • Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II, Vol. 73, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.2151/jmsj1965.73.6_1137

Comparison of MODIS cloud microphysical properties with in-situ measurements over the Southeast Pacific
journal, January 2012

A parameterization of aerosol activation: 2. Multiple aerosol types
journal, March 2000

  • Abdul-Razzak, Hayder; Ghan, Steven J.
  • Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 105, Issue D5
  • DOI: 10.1029/1999JD901161

Cloud droplet effective radius from spaceborne polarization measurements
journal, June 1998

  • Bréon, François-Marie; Goloub, Philippe
  • Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 25, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1029/98GL01221

Radiative Impacts of Free-Tropospheric Clouds on the Properties of Marine Stratocumulus
journal, October 2013

  • Christensen, Matthew W.; Carrió, Gustavo G.; Stephens, Graeme L.
  • Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 70, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-12-0287.1

A comparison of cloud droplet radii measured from space
journal, August 2005

  • Breon, F. -M.; Doutriaux-Boucher, M.
  • IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 43, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1109/TGRS.2005.852838

Statistical Analysis of the Uncertainties in Cloud Optical Depth Retrievals Caused by Three-Dimensional Radiative Effects
journal, June 2001

Parameterization of cloud droplet formation in large-scale models: Including effects of entrainment
journal, January 2007

  • Barahona, Donifan; Nenes, Athanasios
  • Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 112, Issue D16
  • DOI: 10.1029/2007JD008473
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