Remote Sensing of Droplet Number Concentration in Warm Clouds: A Review of the Current State of Knowledge and Perspectives

Grosvenor, Daniel P.; Sourdeval, Odran; Zuidema, Paquita; Ackerman, Andrew; Alexandrov, Mikhail D.; Bennartz, Ralf; Boers, Reinout; Cairns, Brian; Chiu, J. Christine; Christensen, Matthew; Deneke, Hartwig; Diamond, Michael; Feingold, Graham; Fridlind, Ann; Hünerbein, Anja; Knist, Christine; Kollias, Pavlos; Marshak, Alexander; McCoy, Daniel; Merk, Daniel; Painemal, David; Rausch, John; Rosenfeld, Daniel; Russchenberg, Herman; Seifert, Patric; Sinclair, Kenneth; Stier, Philip; van Diedenhoven, Bastiaan; Wendisch, Manfred; Werner, Frank; Wood, Robert; Zhang, Zhibo; Quaas, Johannes

doi:10.1029/2017rg000593

Title: Remote Sensing of Droplet Number Concentration in Warm Clouds: A Review of the Current State of Knowledge and Perspectives

Journal Article · 17 April 2018 · Reviews of Geophysics (1985)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2017rg000593 · OSTI ID:1457505

^[1]; Sourdeval, Odran ^[2];

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^[4]; Alexandrov, Mikhail D. ^[5]; Bennartz, Ralf ^[6];

^[7]; Cairns, Brian ^[4];

^[8]; Christensen, Matthew ^[9]; Deneke, Hartwig ^[10];

^[11];

^[12];

^[4]; Hünerbein, Anja ^[10]; Knist, Christine ^[13];

^[14];

^[15]; McCoy, Daniel ^[1]; Merk, Daniel ^[10] more »

Univ. of Leeds (United Kingdom)
Universität Leipzig (Germany)
Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, FL (United States)
NASA Goddard Inst. for Space Studies (GISS), New York, NY (United States)
NASA Goddard Inst. for Space Studies (GISS), New York, NY (United States); Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States)
Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN (United States); Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI (United States)
Royal Netherlands Meteorological Inst., De Bilt (Netherlands)
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO (United States)
Univ.of Oxford (United Kingdom)
Leibniz Inst. for Tropospheric Research (Germany)
Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO (United States)
Deutscher Wetterdienst, Lindenberg (Germany)
Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States)
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States)
NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA (United States)
Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN (United States)
Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem (Israel)
Delft Univ. of Technology (Netherlands)
Univ. of Oxford (United Kingdom)
Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, Baltimore MD (United States)
Univ. of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, MD (United States)

The cloud droplet number concentration (N_d) is of central interest to improve the understanding of cloud physics and for quantifying the effective radiative forcing by aerosol-cloud interactions. Current standard satellite retrievals do not operationally provide N_d, but it can be inferred from retrievals of cloud optical depth (τ_c) cloud droplet effective radius (r_e) and cloud top temperature. This review compiles issues with this approach and quantifies uncertainties. A total relative uncertainty of 78% is inferred for pixel-level retrievals for relatively homogeneous, optically thick and unobscured stratiform clouds with favorable viewing geometry. The uncertainty is even greater if these conditions are not met. For averages over 1° ×1° regions the uncertainty is reduced to 54% assuming random errors for instrument uncertainties. In contrast, the few evaluation studies against reference in situ observations suggest much better accuracy with little variability in the bias. More such studies are required for a better error characterization. N_d uncertainty is dominated by errors in re, and therefore, improvements in re retrievals would greatly improve the quality of the N_d retrievals. Recommendations are revealed for how this might be achieved. Some existing N_d data sets are compared and discussed, and best practices for the use of N_d data from current passive instruments (e.g., filtering criteria) are recommended. Emerging alternative N_d estimates are also considered. First, new ideas to use additional information from existing and upcoming spaceborne instruments are discussed, and second, approaches using high-quality ground-based observations are examined.

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Research Organization:: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); Federal Ministry for Education and Research in Germany (BMBF); European Research Council (ERC)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0016237

OSTI ID:: 1457505

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1457507; OSTI ID: 1547362

Journal Information:: Reviews of Geophysics (1985), Vol. 56, Issue 2; ISSN 8755-1209

Publisher:: American Geophysical Union (AGU)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 143 works

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Analysis of polarimetric satellite measurements suggests stronger cooling due to aerosol-cloud interactions Hasekamp, Otto P.; Gryspeerdt, Edward; Quaas, Johannes Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13372-2	journal	November 2019
Evaluating the diurnal cycle of South Atlantic stratocumulus clouds as observed by MSG SEVIRI Seethala, Chellappan; Meirink, Jan Fokke; Horváth, Ákos Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13283-2018	journal	January 2018
Ice crystal number concentration estimates from lidar–radar satellite remote sensing – Part 1: Method and evaluation Sourdeval, Odran; Gryspeerdt, Edward; Krämer, Martina Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14327-2018	journal	January 2018
The diurnal cycle of the smoky marine boundary layer observed during August in the remote southeast Atlantic Zhang, Jianhao; Zuidema, Paquita Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-14493-2019	journal	January 2019
The value of remote marine aerosol measurements for constraining radiative forcing uncertainty Regayre, Leighton A.; Schmale, Julia; Johnson, Jill S. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 20, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10063-2020	journal	January 2020
The decomposition of cloud–aerosol forcing in the UK Earth System Model (UKESM1) Grosvenor, Daniel P.; Carslaw, Kenneth S. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 20, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15681-2020	journal	January 2020
Evaluation of aerosol and cloud properties in three climate models using MODIS observations and its corresponding COSP simulator, as well as their application in aerosol–cloud interactions Saponaro, Giulia; Sporre, Moa K.; Neubauer, David Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 20, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-1607-2020	journal	February 2020
Untangling causality in midlatitude aerosol–cloud adjustments McCoy, Daniel T.; Field, Paul; Gordon, Hamish Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 20, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4085-2020	journal	April 2020
An observational study of the effects of aerosols on diurnal variation of heavy rainfall and associated clouds over Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Zhou, Siyuan; Yang, Jing; Wang, Wei-Chyung Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 20, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-5211-2020	journal	January 2020
Ultra-clean and smoky marine boundary layers frequently occur in the same season over the southeast Atlantic Pennypacker, Sam; Diamond, Michael; Wood, Robert Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2019-628	journal	July 2019
Vertical dependence of horizontal variation of cloud microphysics: observations from the ACE-ENA field campaign and implications for warm-rain simulation in climate models Zhang, Zhibo; Song, Qianqian; Mechem, David B. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 21, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3103-2021	journal	January 2021
A new approach to estimate supersaturation fluctuations in stratocumulus cloud using ground-based remote-sensing measurements Yang, Fan; McGraw, Robert; Luke, Edward P. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol. 12, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-5817-2019	journal	January 2019
Detection and attribution of aerosol-cloud interactions in large-domain large-eddy simulations with the ICOsahedral Non-hydrostatic model Costa-Surós, Montserrat; Sourdeval, Odran; Acquistapace, Claudia European Geosciences Union (EGU) https://doi.org/10.5445/ir/1000120272	text	January 2020

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